Neuromuscular Physiology, Exercise, and Training During Youth—The Year That Was 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-37
Author(s):  
David G. Behm
Keyword(s):  
Training Programs ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Overuse Injuries ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Physical Maturation ◽  
Sporting Activities ◽  
Individual Sports

The pressure for children to excel and succeed in sport continues to mount. Although resistance training for youth was in disfavor by many organizations even into the early 21st century, children’s training programs are more closely resembling the volume and intensity of adult programs. The physiological maturation of adolescent youth may impact their response to advanced training programs. Furthermore, the pressure to specialize in specific sports rather than engage in a variety of sporting activities may affect not only training responses but also injury incidence. The highlighted articles first illustrate the training-specific responses of prepeak and postpeak height velocity stage youth with more specific training stimuli needed for the postpeak height velocity stage youth. Second, individual sports tend to promote earlier and greater specialization compared with team sports, which tend to result in a higher proportion of overuse injuries. Based on the findings of these 2 studies, the planning and implementation of high-intensity training for youth, such as plyometrics, should take into consideration the physical maturation of the child and that the prevention of overuse injuries would benefit from a more varied participation in sports and activities.

Epidemiology of Overuse Injuries in Youth Team Sports: A 3-year Prospective Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 847-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Leppänen ◽  
Kati Pasanen ◽  
Pekka Kannus ◽  
Tommi Vasankari ◽  
Urho Kujala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Athletic Training ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Overuse Injuries ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Load Monitoring

AbstractProspective studies on overuse injuries and their impact on athletic training among youth team sports are scarce. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence, severity and player related risk factors of overuse injuries among young (12–20 years) basketball and floorball players. A total of 387 players participated in a 3-year prospective study. Each player completed a baseline questionnaire regarding their background information. Overuse injuries that prevented players to fully or partly participate in their regular training were collected. In all, 204 overuse injuries were registered (injury incidence 1.51 injuries/1 000 h of exposure; 95% CI 1.35–1.78). Most of the injuries involved the knee (35%) and lower back (21%), and were classified as severe (44%). Injury incidence was 1.51 (95% CI 1.2–1.82) and 1.61 (95% CI 1.32–1.91) in basketball and floorball, respectively. Incidence was significantly higher among female compared with male players (incidence rate ratio 1.58; 95% CI 1.20–2.09). Previous injury and playing at adult level were the strongest factors associated with occurrence of an overuse injury. In conclusion, overuse injuries of the knee and low back are relatively common in youth basketball and floorball. Effective prevention strategies as well as training load monitoring is needed in youth team sports.

scholarly journals Sports injuries aligned to predicted mature height in highly trained Middle-Eastern youth athletes: a cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e023284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdallah Rejeb ◽  
Amanda Johnson ◽  
Abdulaziz Farooq ◽  
Ruth Verrelst ◽  
Samuel Pullinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Individual Sports

ObjectivesTo investigate the association of maturity status with injury incidence in Middle-Eastern youth athletes.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingFour consecutive seasons (2010–2014), Aspire Academy, Qatar.ParticipantsMale athletes (age range: 11–18 years) representing four disciplines enrolled and grouped into two categories: individual sports and racquet sports.Outcome measuresInjury data collected over four seasons. Athletes’ anthropometric characteristics assessed to calculate age at peak height velocity. Predicted mature heights (PMHs) collected and categorised into four quartiles. Athletes had wrist and hand radiographs for assessment of skeletal age (SA). Early and late maturers with an SA of >1 year older or younger than their chronological age (CA).ResultsFor the sample (n=67) across all groups, 43 (64%) athletes had one or more injuries: total of 212 injuries, 4.9 injuries per athlete across study. Survival analysis of maturity status using SA found early maturing athletes had two-fold greater injury risk compared with late maturers (HR 2.04, 95% CI 1.15 to 3.61, p=0.015). PMH associated with injury risk (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.08, p=0.006).Athletes in fourth quartile (≥184 cm) had up to two-fold injury risk (HR 2.41, 95% CI 1.42 to 4.08, p=0.001). Racquet and individual sports involved similar injury risk (HR 1.14, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.52, p=0.37).ConclusionSA early maturity and PMH gradient were significant predictors of injury in youths.

scholarly journals The nature of formative physical activities and sports in the development of senior volleyball players

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412199204
Author(s):  
Patrícia Coutinho ◽  
Ana Ramos ◽  
António M Fonseca ◽  
Keith Davids ◽  
Isabel Mesquita
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Transfer Of Training ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Highly Skilled ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
Sporting Activities ◽  
Individual Sports

This study characterized developmental sporting activities undertaken by volleyball players between ages of 6 to 12 years. Highly skilled (n = 30) and less skilled (n = 30) players participated in retrospective interviews to identify the nature of their formative enrichment experiences (formal adult-led and informal child-led activities) and types of sports practised (team or individual sports). All participants reported involvement in multiple formal sport activities and informal child-led activities, confirming that they did not specialize early in volleyball. Highly skilled male players reported being involved in more formal, adult-led activities, generally, and more formal team sports. In contrast, highly skilled and less skilled female players participated in equal amounts of formal adult-led and informal child-led activities. Results partially supported the value of an early diversified sport involvement to develop functional behavioural adaptability needed to specialise later in sports like volleyball. Findings highlighted the importance of considering the nature and types of early enriching play and practice activities to better understand possible complementary transfer of training effects during specialization. Data also emphasized relevance of considering sex differences in future analyses of player developmental pathways.

scholarly journals Cognitive and Physical Activity-Related Aspects of Children Associated to the Performance of the Crunning Movement

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Ewan Thomas ◽  
Marianna Alesi ◽  
Garden Tabacchi ◽  
Carlos Marques da Silva ◽  
David J. Sturm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Movement Performance ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
Age Range

The aim of this investigation was to identify possible related factors associated to the performance of the crunning test in European children and adolescents. A total number of 559 children and adolescents (age range 6–14 years) of which 308 boys (55.1%) and 251 girls (44.9%), from seven European countries, were screened. A questionnaire concerning demographic and personal life-related factors and a cognitive assessment were performed. A regression analysis was conducted with the performance measures of the crunning movement. T-tests and ANCOVA were used to analyze sub-group differences. Boys have greater crunning performance values compared to girls (5.55 s vs. 7.06 s, p < 0.001) and older children perform better than younger ones (R2 −0.23; p < 0.001). Children with healthy and active habits (exercising or spending time with family members vs. reading or surfing the internet) performed better in the test. Children engaged in team sports had better crunning performances compared to those engaged in individual sports (6.01 s vs. 6.66 s, p = 0.0166). No significant association was found regarding cognitive-related aspects in either children engaged in team or individual sports and the crunning performance. Older and male children performed better in the crunning test than younger and female children. Physical activity-related aspects of children’s life are associated with crunning movement performance. No association was found between higher cognitive performance and the crunning test results.

On the role of sports nutrition in modern sports and society

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
Сергей Валерьевич Штерман ◽  
Михаил Юрьевич Сидоренко ◽  
Юрий Ильич Сидоренко ◽  
Валерий Соломонович Штерман ◽  
Наталья Ивановна Чеботарева
Keyword(s):  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Sports Nutrition ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Motivating Factors ◽  
Team Leaders ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
Improve Health

Спортивное питание в настоящее время - это неразделимый сплав, представляющий на практике реализацию современных достижений спортивной физиологии на основе использования специально разработанных продуктов питания со строго научно обоснованным составом. Цель работы заключалась в оценке распространенности в настоящее время продуктов спортивного питания среди различных групп спортсменов и широких слоев населения; в выявлении основных целей, которые ставят перед собой их потребители; в анализе динамики ассортимента продукции на рынке; в определении мотивирующих факторов, оказывающих влияние на потребление этих продуктов и прогнозирование направлений дальнейшего их развития. Доля спортсменов различного уровня, использующих продукты спортивного питания, в настоящее время в разных странах мира составляет от 48 до 81 %. В качестве основных целей их потребления рассматривается повышение уровня спортивных достижений, укрепление состояния здоровья, ускорение процесса восстановления после тренировок и соревнований, улучшение внешнего вида и снижение вероятности получения спортивных травм. Распространенность, объем потребления и ассортимент продуктов спортивного питания увеличиваются с ростом спортивной квалификации атлетов. По причине того, что индивидуальные спортивные дисциплины предъявляют более жесткие психологические требования к их участникам по сравнению с командными, распространенность спортивного питания среди спортсменов в индивидуальных видах спорта установлена выше, чем в командных. Данные проведенных исследований указывают на настоятельную необходимость, с целью обеспечения эффективности применения спортивного питания и предотвращения возникновения нежелательных побочных последствий, постоянного повышения квалификации спортсменов, тренеров, руководителей команд и сопровождающих их медицинских работников в области теории и практики применения современных продуктов спортивного питания. Sports nutrition nowadays is an indivisible alloy, representing in practice the implementation of modern achievements in sports physiology by using specially developted food products with a strictly scientifically formed composition. The purpose of this article was to assess the prevalence of sports nutrition products among various groups of athletes and general population; identifying the main goals that consumers set for themselves in this case; analyzing of the product dynamics on the market; establishing motivating factors that influence consumers behavior and forecasting directions of further sports nutrition development. The share of athletes of various levels using sports nutrition products in different countris of the world currently estimates from 48 to 81 %. The main goals of their consumption are comsidered to increase the level of athletics performance; improve health; accelerate the recovery process after training and competion; improve appearance and reduce the probability of sports injuries. The prevalence, consuption and variety of sports nutrition products used increase with the growth athletes` sports qualification. Due to the fact that individual sports disciplinces impose more stringent physological requirements on their participants compared to team sports, the prevalence of sports nutrition among athletes in individual sports is higher than in team sports. The data of studies indicate the urgent need, in order to ensure the proper effectiveness of the sports nutrition consumption and to avoid the occurance of undesirable side effects, of the carring out continuous knowledge upgrading of athletes, team leaders and accompaning medical personal in the field of theory and practice of sports nutrition.

‘Attitudes Towards Sport Psychology Consulting in Athletes From Individual and Team Sports’

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daire Rooney ◽  
Neil Heron ◽  
Robin Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Sport Type ◽  
Or Team ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
Willingness To Consult ◽  
Univariate Analyses

Abstract Background: The purpose of the present study was to investigate how an athlete’s participation in either an individual or team sport is related to their attitude toward sport psychology consulting and their willingness to consult a sport psychology practitioner. Method: The Sport Psychology Attitudes-Revised form (SPA-R) was completed by one hundred and twenty athletes from individual and team sports. A 2 (Type of sport: individual and team) x 2 (Gender) multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted with attitudes towards sport psychology as dependent variables. In order to identify attitudes that accentuated the differences related to type of sport, follow-up univariate analyses were performed. Results: Results revealed that athletes involved in individual sports reported overall more positive attitudes towards sport psychology consulting than athletes involved in team sports. In particular, the athletes involved in individual sports were more likely to have greater confidence in sport psychology consulting. The findings also show that gender may mediate this association, indicated by a nearly significant two-way interaction effect for gender and type of sport (individual versus team) regarding confidence in sport psychology. The source of this marginal result was a larger effect of sport type for females than for males. Conclusions: The findings of this study imply that athletes involved in individual sports are more likely to have positive attitudes towards sport psychology compared to athletes competing in team-based sports. The results may go some way to assist sport psychologists to understand and address athletes’ concerns and to improve receptivity to sport psychology services.

scholarly journals Bird’s-Eye View Provided in Real-time via Drone Improves Spatial Perception for Team Sports

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Miura ◽  
Kento Nakagawa ◽  
Kazumasa Hirooka ◽  
Yuya Matsumoto ◽  
Yumi Umesawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Spatial Perception ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Space Perception ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Smart Glasses ◽  
Perceptual Abilities ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
Error Distance

Abstract Sports-assisting technologies have been developed; however, most are to improve performances in individual sports such as ski, batting, and swimming. Few studies focused on team sports which require not only motor ability of individual players but also perceptual abilities to grasp positions of their own and others. In the present study, we aim to validate the feasibility of a visual feedback system for the improvement of space perception in relation to other persons that is necessary. Herein, the visual feedback system is composed of a flying drone that transmits the image to the participant’s smart glasses. With and without the system, the participant was able to see his/her own relative position in real time though the glass. Nine participants tried to position themselves on the line between two experimenters 30 m away from each other, which simulated the situation of a baseball cutoff man. As a result, the error distance between the participants’ position and the line significantly decreased when using the system than that without the system. Furthermore, after participants practiced the task with the system the error decreased compared to that before the practice. In conclusion, the real-time feedback system from the bird’s-eye view would work for improving the accuracy of space perception.

scholarly journals Body Composition in Various Age Groups Among Individual and Team Sport

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-309
Author(s):  
Manzoor Ahmad Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Average Difference ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Game Players ◽  
Individual Sports

The study aimed to compare the Body Composition in Various Age Groups among Individual and Team Sport. A total of one hundred twenty (120) subjects, comprising 60 Individual and 60 Team sport of district Kulgam J&K, further out of 60 individual sports players 20 players were of the age group between 20-25, ( 20 ) players were of the age group between 25- 30 and 20 players were of the age group between 30-35. the same procedure was followed for 60 team sports players. The Subjects were selected by using purposive sampling. The age of the subjects ranged between 20-25, the second group 25-30, and the third group 30-35. To analyze and compare the Body Composition and fat percentage in three different age groups among individual sports and team sports, the Following equipment and test were used: the data related to Fat Percentage was measured by Skinfold Calipers. BMI: it was estimated by Stadiometer and weighing machine. ).the data that was collected after applying standard testing kits were written in separate columns and was cross-checked for all three different age groups. Individual and team sports of district kulgam. Then the analysis of data was carried out by applying various statistical techniques like average., standard deviation and through the application of formula of t-test to find out the significant difference of all selected physical variables I,e BMI and fat percentage in various age groups among individual and team sports players of kulgam district the level of significance as per norm was kept as (p<0.05). the mean and standard deviation of BMI in 20-25 age group individual game players is ( 22.02 ±2.20) respectively, and the mean and standard deviation of BMI in 20-25 age group of team sports players is (18.01 ±1.81), with an average difference of 4.01. ). Hence individual sports players were found with a higher BMI than team sports players under the 20-25 age group. BMI in the 25-30 age group individual game players is (23.09±1.76) respectively, and the mean and standard deviation of BMI in 25-30 age group of team sports players is (20.07±3.36), with an average difference of 3.02. ). Hence under this age group, the individual sports players were found with a higher BMI than team sports groups. The mean and standard deviation of BMI in 30-35 age group individual game players is (19.30±2.07) respectively, and the mean and standard deviation of BMI in 30-35 age group of team sports players is (22.17 ±3.47), with an average difference of 2.87. Hence, team sports players were found with a higher BMI under the age group than individual sports players. The mean and standard deviation of fat percentage in 20-25 age group individual game players is (11.09±4.83) respectively, and the mean and standard deviation of fat percentage in 20-25 age group of team sports players is (9.02±4.18), with an average difference of 2.17.).Hence under this age group, individual sports players were found fatty as compared to team sports players. The mean and standard deviation of fat percentage in 25-30 age group individual game players is (10.01±3.53) respectively, and the mean and standard deviation of BMI in 25-30 age group of team sports players is (14.04±7.48), with an average difference of 4.13. ). Hence under this age group, team sports players were found fatty as compared to individual sports players. The mean and standard deviation of BMI in 30-35 age group individual game players is (14.08±2.81) respectively, and the mean and standard deviation of fat percentage in 30-35 age group of team sports players is (18.01±5.64), with an average difference of 3.64. Hence under this age group, team sports players were found fatty as compared to individual sports players

scholarly journals Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Behavior, Perception of Threat, Stress and Training Patterns of Olympic and Paralympic Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12780
Author(s):  
María José Martínez-Patiño ◽  
Francisco Javier Blas Lopez ◽  
Michel Dubois ◽  
Eric Vilain ◽  
Juan Pedro Fuentes-García
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Personal Problems ◽  
Perception Of Threat ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
And Training

Background: The aims of this study were to analyze the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and its subsequent confinement on behaviors, perception of threat, stress, state of mind and training patterns among Olympic and Paralympic level athletes. Methods: Data gathering was performed utilizing an online questionnaire during imposed confinement. A correlational design with incidental sampling for convenience was used. All the variables were analyzed by age, gender, academic training, type of participation and sport specialty on a population composed of 447 Olympic (age: 26.0 ± 7.5 years) and 64 Paralympic (age: 28.4 ± 10.5 years) athletes. Results: The athletes trained more than twice as many hours before than during confinement. Most of the athletes recognized that their best athletic performance diminished due to the COVID-19 confinement but that will recover after the pandemic and its confinements. Almost half of the athletes declared they were more tired than normal and had difficulty sleeping, while more than half ate more or less as usual. Paralympic athletes reported they felt more capable to cope with personal problems and life events and felt less lonely during the confinement than the Olympians. The athletes from team sports reported to be more affected in their training routine than athletes of individual sports, seeing their athletic performance more affected. Athletes in individual sports felt more able to cope with personal problems than athletes in team sports. Female athletes were significantly more tired and reported more difficulty sleeping than male athletes. Conclusion: The situation caused by COVID-19 has had significant effects on the behavior, perception of threat, stress and training patterns of Olympic and Paralympic athletes preparing for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. It is necessary that sports institutions reinforce mechanisms of help for athletes during future situations of confinement.

scholarly journals Are There Differences in Styles of Coaches’ Work in Individual and Team Sports?

2019 ◽  
pp. 576-583
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Rogaleva ◽  
Valery Malkin ◽  
Anastasia Burkova ◽  
Roman Vichuzhanin
Keyword(s):  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Competitive Sports ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Empirical Observation ◽  
Personal Traits ◽  
Coaching Styles ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
Gender Features

The paper presents the results of studying the style of coaches working in team and competitive sports. In this regard, the research intended to identify differences in coaching styles depending on specific features of sports. 45 coaches participated in the study. During the research, we used the combination of theoretical (systemic, comparative, logical analysis of psychological, pedagogical and method literature, studying and generalizing practical psychological experience) and empirical (observation and self-observation, polls, surveying) research methods. The specially developed questionnaire and methods of mathematical statistics yielded novel results. The emotional method-based style turned out to be the most typical one for coaches in both individual and team sports. However, there are some differences, too, associated with the fact that coaches in individual sports have a powerful direct relationship between emotional improvised and emotional methodbased style, while team sports feature a direct relation between emotional methodbased and reasoning method-based styles. The practical significance of this research lies in developing the strategy of training coaches for individual and team sports. Our further research will be associated with studying personal traits determining coaches’ style taking into account gender features.

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