scholarly journals Sport Advocacy: The Art of Persuasion and Its By-Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Stenling ◽  
Michael Sam
Keyword(s):  
Interview Data ◽  
Sport Organizations ◽  
Leadership Position ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Frame Alignment ◽  
By Products ◽  
Over Time

Despite an increase of advocacy by established nongovernmental sport organizations, little is known about how advocacy is enacted and with what effects. Building conceptually on frame alignment theory and empirically on interview data from 19 Swedish Regional Sport Federations, this article investigates how advocates politicize sport to gain “insider status” and analyses the by-products of such efforts. This research demonstrates that the architecture of advocacy claims perpetuates a separation between organizations that “sell” sport from those that “produce” it. Framing also impels centralized authority because advocates safeguard their credibility as political actors by taking up a “leadership-position” vis-à-vis clubs. Advocacy frame alignment has further by-products insofar as they narrow advocates’ room for maneuver and become institutionalized over time.

Analysis of Squalene and Its Transformation By-Products in Latent Fingermarks by Ultrahigh-Pressure Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Accurate Mass Orbitrap™ Mass Spectrometry

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buddhika Dorakumbura ◽  
Francesco Busetti ◽  
Simon Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Ultrahigh Pressure ◽  
Accurate Mass ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
By Products ◽  
Over Time ◽  
High Resolution Accurate Mass

<p>Transformation of squalene and its by-products in fingermarks over time under different storage conditions (light, dark and underwater) was examined through ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography high resolution accurate mass Orbitrap™ mass spectrometry. Complications of assessing fingermark compositional variation over time using multiple samples with varying initial compositions were elucidated and a more rational approach was successfully demonstrated. Squalene was detected in all fresh natural fingermarks and the amount ranged between 0.20 to 11.32 μg/5 fingertips. A notable difference in the transformation of squalene was observed with different storage conditions, where a dark aquatic environment accelerated degradation of squalene compared to dark but dry conditions. Squalene monohydroperoxide was extremely short-lived in natural deposits while the amount of squalene epoxide was still increasing relative to the initial amount, after ageing under dark and aquatic conditions for up to 7 days. Some oxidation by-products of cholesterol were also tentatively identified, which exhibited a growth over time against their initial concentration under any of the storage condition tested. These by-products, therefore, show potential as biomarkers for targeted visualisation of aged deposits.</p>

scholarly journals Moral Religiosities: How Morality Structures Religious Understandings during the Transition to Adulthood

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Rotolo
Keyword(s):  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Interview Data ◽  
National Study ◽  
Religious Change ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Moral Orientations ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Religiosity remains an important sociological concept, from assessing religion’s effects on various outcomes to describing large-scale religious change. And yet conceptualizing religiosity—as a measure of intensity of religious practice—requires accounting for how respondents understand religious practice. Drawing on four waves of longitudinal interview data from the National Study of Youth and Religion (NSYR), this paper examines the religious understandings of young Americans as they develop over 10 years. I find that respondents’ religious understandings are shaped by deeper moral orientations that broadly structure their lives. From these moral orientations, I theorize four ideal types of religious practitioners that help explain complex patterns of religiosity in America—the Congregant, the Believer, the Spiritualist, and the Metaphysician. Recognizing the moral orders that structure young Americans’ religious understandings opens new pathways for theorizing religion’s influence and change over time.

scholarly journals The evolution of political networks: Evidence from the Council of the European Union

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narisong Huhe ◽  
Daniel Naurin ◽  
Robert Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Network Evolution ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Policy Positions ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Political Networks ◽  
Over Time

We test two of the main explanations of the formation of political ties. The first states that political actors are more likely to form a relationship if they have similar policy preferences. The second explanation, from network theory, predicts that the likelihood of a tie between two actors depends on the presence of certain relationships with other actors. Our data consist of a unique combination of actors' policy positions and their network relations over time in the Council of the European Union. We find evidence that both types of explanations matter, although there seems to be variation in the extent to which preference similarity affects network evolution. We consider the implications of these findings for understanding the decision-making in the Council.

scholarly journals Long-Term Compressive Strength of Polymer Concrete-like Composites with Various Fillers

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Julia Sokołowska
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Vinyl Ester ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Polymer Concrete ◽  
Quartz Powder ◽  
Density Measurements ◽  
Volumetric Density ◽  
By Products ◽  
Over Time

The durability of building composites with polymer matrix, such as polymer concretes, is considered high or excellent. However, very few studies are available that show the properties of such composites tested long after the specimens’ preparation, especially composites with fillers other than traditional rock aggregates. The paper presents the long-term compressive strength of polymer concrete containing common and alternative fine fillers, including quartz powder (ground sand) and by-products of the combustion of Polish fossil fuels (coal and lignite), tested nine or 9.5 years after preparation. The results were compiled with the data for respective specimens tested after 14 days, as well as 1.5 and 7 years. Data analysis confirmed the excellent durability of concrete-like composites with various fillers in terms of compressive strength. Density measurements of selected composites showed that the increase in strength was accompanied by an increase in volumetric density. This showed that the opinion that the development of the strength of composites with polymer matrices taking place within a few to several days was not always justified. In the case of a group of tested concrete-like composites with vinyl-ester matrices saturated with fly ashes of various origins, there was a further significant increase in strength over time.

scholarly journals A biphasic oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones using a simplified packed-bed microreactor

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Bogdan ◽  
D Tyler McQuade
Keyword(s):  
Packed Bed ◽  
Secondary Alcohols ◽  
Great Stability ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oxidation Of Alcohols ◽  
Aldehydes And Ketones ◽  
High Yields ◽  
By Products ◽  
Over Time

We demonstrate the preparation and characterization of a simplified packed-bed microreactor using an immobilized TEMPO catalyst shown to oxidize primary and secondary alcohols via the biphasic Anelli-Montanari protocol. Oxidations occurred in high yields with great stability over time. We observed that plugs of aqueous oxidant and organic alcohol entered the reactor as plugs but merged into an emulsion on the packed-bed. The emulsion coalesced into larger plugs upon exiting the reactor, leaving the organic product separate from the aqueous by-products. Furthermore, the microreactor oxidized a wide range of alcohols and remained active in excess of 100 trials without showing any loss of catalytic activity.

scholarly journals Experts in Election News Coverage

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Albæk ◽  
Christian Elmelund-Præstekær ◽  
David Nicolas Hopmann ◽  
Robert Klemmensen
Keyword(s):  
Political Process ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Political Journalism ◽  
Campaign Coverage ◽  
Election Coverage ◽  
The Media ◽  
Election News ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Previous studies have shown that experts appearing in the media are increasingly speculating about trends and developments rather than presenting their own research. With respect to political journalism, this raises the question of whether increased use of expert sources has also led to an increased focus on process relative to substance in election news coverage. The study, conducted in 1998 and 2007, surveys what types of experts are referred to in the election coverage, what topics the experts comment on (in particular whether they focus on substance or process), and whether the number and types of experts as well as topics have changed over time. As expected, there is an increase in newspapers’ references to experts in their election campaign coverage. However, contrary to our expectations, in both 1998 and 2007, there is an equal number of articles referring to the election campaign’s political content (i.e., they mentioned the topics promoted by the political actors during the campaign) and to the political process. And extremely few articles included meta-discussions.

Hazardous waste stabilization with clean-coal technology ash residuals

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald D. Neufeld ◽  
James T. Cobb ◽  
J. Pritts ◽  
V. Clifford ◽  
C. Bender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hazardous Wastes ◽  
Clean Coal ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Clean Coal Technology ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Coal Technology ◽  
By Products ◽  
Over Time

Clean coal technology by-products, collected from commercial operations under steady state conditions, are reacted at bench-scale with metal-laden hazardous wastes. Reaction conditions involve mixing calibrated weight ratios of by-product to hazardous waste with attention to minimizing added moisture. Of the 15 heavy metals monitored, lead appeared to be the element of greatest concern both from a leaching and a regulatory point of view. While leaching information is focused on lead stabilization, similar information exists for other metals as well. Stabilized solid products of reactions are sampled for TCLP evaluations. For samples showing evidence of metal stabilization, further experimentation was conducted evaluating optimum moisture content and development of physical strength (measured as compressive strength) over time of curing. Results show that certain hazardous wastes are highly amenable to chemical stabilization, while others are not; certain by-products provided superior stabilization, but did not allow for strength generation over time.

Cabinets, Ministers, and Gender

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Annesley ◽  
Karen Beckwith ◽  
Susan Franceschet
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Elite Interviews ◽  
Gendered Patterns ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Media Data ◽  
Over Time

Cabinets, Ministers, and Gender explores why men have been more likely than women to be appointed to cabinet, why gendered patterns of appointment vary cross-nationally, and why, over time, women’s inclusion in cabinets has grown significantly. The book is innovative in conceiving of cabinet formation as a gendered process governed by rules that empower and constrain presidents and prime ministers as selectors of cabinet ministers, and rules that prescribe, prohibit, and permit a range of criteria (experiential, affiliational, and representational) that qualify individuals for inclusion in cabinet. Focusing on seven country cases (Australia, Canada, Chile, Germany, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States) using three data sets—elite interviews, media data, and autobiographies—the book reveals the complex sets of rules governing cabinet formation in each country and demonstrates their gendered effects. The book shows how different types of rules empower and constrain selectors, and how these rules interact to create different opportunities and obstacles for women’s cabinet inclusion. The findings demonstrate how institutional change emerges from a complex iterative process through which political actors interpret and exploit ambiguity in rules to deviate from past practices of appointing mostly male cabinets. These selectors help to develop new rules about women’s inclusion, which constrain future leaders in assembling their cabinet. The authors coin the term “concrete floor” to capture the process by which minimum levels for women’s cabinet inclusion are established and become locked in over time, explaining how competing rules for cabinet appointments, changing norms, and women’s mobilization in political parties shape outcomes.

The Only Constant is Change

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
The Political ◽  
Information And Communications Technologies ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Stabilization Phase ◽  
New Information ◽  
Communication Goals ◽  
Choice Phase ◽  
Communication Activity ◽  
Over Time

The Only Constant Is Change presents and tests the political communication cycle (PCC), a model describing how political actors and organizations make decisions about if, how, and when to innovate their political communication practices. Generally speaking, political communication goals have remained largely stable over time, but the strategies used to accomplish these goals have changed a great deal. The PCC describes the recurring process of political communication innovation through American political history. This model incorporates the technological, political, and behavioral factors influencing how and when changes in political communication activity take place. The PCC is made up of three phases that also serve as an organizational structure for the book. First is the technological imperative, which focuses on how new information and communications technologies (ICT) are developed and what types of ICTs may be more or less likely to be used to innovate political communication. Next, the political choice phase incorporates the behavioral processes embedded in how different types of actors choose whether to innovate or not. This phase is the most critical and is analyzed through case studies evaluating how campaigns, social movements, and interest groups have or have not changed their political communication activities over time. Finally, the stabilization phase encompasses the process of how once innovative techniques become the new status quo though the establishment of new norms, regulations, and institutions. The book explores these changes through historical and contemporary analysis, which offers important context and tools to understand political communication through history and today.

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