scholarly journals Long-Term Compressive Strength of Polymer Concrete-like Composites with Various Fillers

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Julia Sokołowska
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Vinyl Ester ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Polymer Concrete ◽  
Quartz Powder ◽  
Density Measurements ◽  
Volumetric Density ◽  
By Products ◽  
Over Time

The durability of building composites with polymer matrix, such as polymer concretes, is considered high or excellent. However, very few studies are available that show the properties of such composites tested long after the specimens’ preparation, especially composites with fillers other than traditional rock aggregates. The paper presents the long-term compressive strength of polymer concrete containing common and alternative fine fillers, including quartz powder (ground sand) and by-products of the combustion of Polish fossil fuels (coal and lignite), tested nine or 9.5 years after preparation. The results were compiled with the data for respective specimens tested after 14 days, as well as 1.5 and 7 years. Data analysis confirmed the excellent durability of concrete-like composites with various fillers in terms of compressive strength. Density measurements of selected composites showed that the increase in strength was accompanied by an increase in volumetric density. This showed that the opinion that the development of the strength of composites with polymer matrices taking place within a few to several days was not always justified. In the case of a group of tested concrete-like composites with vinyl-ester matrices saturated with fly ashes of various origins, there was a further significant increase in strength over time.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Effect of Basalt Fiber and Sodium Alginate in Polymer Concrete Exposed to Elevated Temperature

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 510
Author(s):  
Seyed Esmaeil Mohammadyan-Yasouj ◽  
Hossein Abbastabar Ahangar ◽  
Narges Ahevani Oskoei ◽  
Hoofar Shokravi ◽  
Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Vinyl Ester ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Polymer Concrete ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Polymer Binders ◽  
Preliminary Phase

Polymer concrete contains aggregates and a polymeric binder such as epoxy, polyester, vinyl ester, or normal epoxy mixture. Since polymer binders in polymer concrete are made of organic materials, they have a very low heat and fire resistance compared to minerals. This paper investigates the effect of basalt fibers (BF) and alginate on the compressive strength of polymer concrete. An extensive literature review was completed, then two experimental phases including the preliminary phase to set the appropriate mix design, and the main phase to investigate the compressive strength of samples after exposure to elevated temperatures of 100 °C, 150 °C, and 180 °C were conducted. The addition of BF and/or alginate decreases concrete compressive strength under room temperature, but the addition of BF and alginate each alone leads to compressive strength increase during exposure to heat and increase in the temperature to 180 °C showed almost positive on the compressive strength. The addition of BF and alginate both together increases the rate of strength growth of polymer concrete under heat from 100 °C to 180 °C. In conclusion, BF and alginate decrease the compressive strength of polymer concretes under room temperature, but they improve the resistance against raised temperatures.

scholarly journals Process Design for a Production of Sustainable Materials from Post-Production Clay

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 953
Author(s):  
Michał Łach ◽  
Reda A. Gado ◽  
Joanna Marczyk ◽  
Celina Ziejewska ◽  
Neslihan Doğan-Sağlamtimur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
Post Production ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
Jurassic Limestone ◽  
By Products ◽  
Alkali Activated

Alkali activated cement (AAC) can be manufactured from industrial by-products to achieve goals of “zero-waste” production. We discuss in detail the AAC production process from (waste) post-production clay, which serves as the calcium-rich material. The effect of different parameters on the changes in properties of the final product, including morphology, phase formation, compressive strength, resistance to the high temperature, and long-term curing is presented. The drying and grinding of clay are required, even if both processes are energy-intensive; the reduction of particle size and the increase of specific surface area is crucial. Furthermore, calcination at 750 °C ensure approximately 20% higher compressive strength of final AAC in comparison to calcination performed at 700 °C. It resulted from the different ratio of phases: Calcite, mullite, quartz, gehlenite, and wollastonite in the final AAC. The type of activators (NaOH, NaOH:KOH mixtures, KOH) affected AAC mechanical properties, significantly. Sodium activators enabled obtaining higher values of strength. However, if KOH is required, the supplementation of initial materials with fly ash or metakaolin could improve the mechanical properties and durability of AAC, even c.a. 28%. The presented results confirm the possibility of recycling post-production clay from the Raciszyn II Jurassic limestone deposit.

scholarly journals Using the Maturity Method in Predicting the Compressive Strength of Vinyl Ester Polymer Concrete at an Early Age

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Nan Ji Jin ◽  
Kyu-Seok Yeon ◽  
Seung-Ho Min ◽  
Jaeheum Yeon
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Vinyl Ester ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Polymer Concrete ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Maturity Method ◽  
Curing Age

The compressive strength of vinyl ester polymer concrete is predicted using the maturity method. The compressive strength rapidly increased until the curing age of 24 hrs and thereafter slowly increased until the curing age of 72 hrs. As the MMA content increased, the compressive strength decreased. Furthermore, as the curing temperature decreased, compressive strength decreased. For vinyl ester polymer concrete, datum temperature, ranging from −22.5 to −24.6°C, decreased as the MMA content increased. The maturity index equation for cement concrete cannot be applied to polymer concrete and the maturity of vinyl ester polymer concrete can only be estimated through control of the time interval Δt. Thus, this study introduced a suitable scaled-down factor (n) for the determination of polymer concrete’s maturity, and a factor of 0.3 was the most suitable. Also, the DR-HILL compressive strength prediction model was determined as applicable to vinyl ester polymer concrete among the dose-response models. For the parameters of the prediction model, applying the parameters by combining all data obtained from the three different amounts of MMA content was deemed acceptable. The study results could be useful for the quality control of vinyl ester polymer concrete and nondestructive prediction of early age strength.

scholarly journals Evaluate Compressive Strength of Geopolymer by Using Different Fibers and Curing Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 782-785
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Polymer Concrete ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Alkali Solutions ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
By Products

Day by day conservatory emissions is increases on earth. In manufacture of Portland cement(PC), obliquely we are escalating the carbon dioxide in atmosphere by the invention of PC.. Industrial by-products such as fly ash(FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag(GGBS), rice husk, bagasse, etc. are mainly used in manufacturing industry because these resources contain good bonding assets, amplified stability and decreased the porosity. evaluate to PC these assets are inexpensively good. Auxiliary by means of these manufacturing by products we are eventually lessening the carbon dioxide. PC with the manufacturing by products such as FA, bagasse , GGBS, Rice Husk Ash, Metakaolin etc., In these materials GGBS, FA, bagasse are commonly used for bursting substitution of PC. match up to PC GGBS, FA, rice husk be as well offer privileged compressive strength results when activate by alkali with similar curing’s. This concrete is known as Geo polymer concrete(GPC). To prepare the GPC we require alkali solutions(AS) like NaOH and Na2SiO3 . arrange the AS, by considering singular molarities of NaOH like 9M and 14M and singular concentrations of Na2SiO3 like 40%. get ready the AS of NaOH and Na2SiO3 discretely one hour before the mixing of GPC. dispose the cubes to find the mechanical properties such as compressive strength, and density of GPC. The specimens were tested after 28 days of special curing’s. To improve the properties of GPC, we are accumulation different fibers and go on it for 28 days of different curing conditions of GPC. finally we know the compressive strengths of different fibers and curing conditions of GPC

scholarly journals Compressive Strength Assessment using GGBS and Randomly Distributed Fibers in Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1078-1086
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Cement Content ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Strength Assessment ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete ◽  
By Products

India is producing enormous amounts of industrial by-products out of which 150 million tonnes of GGBS itself. Apart from disposal of this solid waste, engineers strive for its value addition through its use as a construction material for achieving better economy, eco-friendliness without compromising on technical aspects. In this study, varieties of concrete are mixed with GGBS as a replacement material for cement to understand its compressive strength and long term behaviour. It is seen from literature that the fibers enhance the performance of concrete. Accordingly, six trials were made with GGBS replacement along with variation of cement content, water cement ratio and steel fibers with aspect ratio 60 and variation in reinforcing indices. The workability of concrete increased with increasing the GGBS content and also observed there is a reduction in workability in fiber reinforced concrete. The results indicated that the concrete made with GGBS indicates the strength comparable to the concrete made with OPC for all replacement levels. There is a substantial decrease in strength at 80% replacement. While there is a substantial increase in long-term strength. The compressive strength of GGBS concrete was increased up to 19% than that of OPC concrete and also observed 5 to 12% strength increased in fiber reinforced concrete than GGBS concrete. For this purpose studied the compressive strength of concrete at the ages of 3, 7,28,56,90 and 180 days.

scholarly journals Modeling the properties of lightweight polymer concrete produced from polyvinyl chloride and combined heat and power plant waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 2131 (4) ◽  
pp. 042036
Author(s):  
I Khristoforova ◽  
A Khristoforov
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Polymer Concrete ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Industrial Construction ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Conductivity

Abstract Although concrete based on mineral binders is most commonly used in construction, polymer concrete is on the rise lately. This is due to the fact that polymer concrete allows to expand concrete usage in civil and industrial construction thanks to its properties. However, there is extensive research on including thermoplastic polymer. Construction polymer concrete materials have high compressive strength, as well as atmospheric, cold and chemical resistance, thus resulting in long term lifetime. This paper suggests a technological process of producing concrete based on polyvinyl chloride and lightweight porous aggregate, e. g. fly ash that comes from Vladimir combined heat and power plant (used to run on coal). There are up to 80 thousand tons of this aggregate in stock. It turns out that technological parameters of this process are strongly intertwined with compound. Research indicates that lightweight polymer concrete based on polyvinyl chloride and fly ash can be achieved under certain technological parameters. A new polymer concrete was created as a result of this research having the following properties: density - 800-830 kg/m3, compressive strength - 12-13 MPa, impact strength -16-18 kg/m2, coefficient of thermal conductivity - 0.16-0.18 Wt/m.K, frost resistance - at least a 100 cycles.

scholarly journals The Influence of Granite Cutting Waste on The Properties of Ultra-High Performance Concrete

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Íñigo López Boadella ◽  
Fernando López Gayarre ◽  
Jesús Suárez González ◽  
José Gómez-Soberón ◽  
Carlos López-Colina Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Granular Structure ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Quartz Powder ◽  
Ultra High Performance Concrete ◽  
Substitution Ratio ◽  
Tensile Strength Increase ◽  
By Products

This study analyzes the effect of using waste by-products generated in the process of granite cutting as part of the granular structure of Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC). The manufactured concrete has a compressive strength greater than 115 MPa. This study substitutes 35%, 70% and 100% of the volume of micronized quartz powder (<40 μm) with granite cutting waste. This is an innovative study where the feasibility of using waste from granite quarries as a replacement for micronized quartz in UHPC has been analyzed. The results show an improvement in the workability and compressive strength of UHPC, for all substitution ratios. The flexural strength and tensile strength increase when the substitution ratio is 35%, and even the values obtained for 100% substitution are acceptable. In view of the results obtained in this study, granite cutting waste, instead of the micronized quartz powder usually used, is a viable alternative for the manufacture of expectedly more sustainable UHPC.

Humus state of chernozem at different ways of tillage in the agrosystems of the left-bank forest steppe of Ukraine

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-77
Author(s):  
O. Demydenko ◽  
V. Velychko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Soil Resources ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
Humus Accumulation ◽  
By Products ◽  
The Way

The contemporary condition of soil cover in Ukraine is characterized. The attention is focused onto widespread degradation processes in soils. The causes that determine the development of these negative processes are considered. The contemporary informational support for the condition of soil cover in Ukraine is estimated. In general, the current available information is of narrow-departmental nature, obtained by different methods and non-correlated monitoring programs. As a rule, it is stored in under-structured databases, incompatible with other information systems; mainly recorded on paper media unusable with modern technologies, whereby such information resources are diffi cult to be compiled together. These disadvantages are strong constraints against consistent usage of materials for evaluation, forecast and management of changes in the soil cover. The Soil Observation program should thereby be combined with Agrochemical Passportization and ecology-ameliora- tive monitoring; in other words, the application of innovative soil-agrochemical methodology is considered. Each individual type of surveys shall complement the others, and taken altogether, they shall constitute a con- sistent Information System, capable of solving the problems of assessing the condition, forecasting, manage- ment, usage and protection of soil resources. The monitoring procedures should be conducted on the basis of a new soil concept in line with unifi ed programs and methods, so as to meet European approaches to the maxi- mum extent. Such a technical composition enables getting information on present-day processes in soils, and is the only combination that actually helps us to “ecologize” our knowledge of soils, which is the leading trend in the scope of global soil-science. Thus obtained results will serve as a State-owned tool which would subse- quently facilitate the use and protection of soil resources all over the country, to be involved in a united global soil-information scope. The attention is focused onto social signifi cance of the information on soils and their fertility in terms of land resources optimization, as well as the formation of sustainable land use in Ukraine. Aim. To demonstrate the long-term effect of different ways of tillage of typical low-humus chernozem on the change in humus content and composition and the direction of transformation processes of organic fertili- zers. To study the changes in the structure of energy reserves in group and fractional composition of humus in typical low-humus light-loamy chernozem of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, microbiological, computational, mathematical and statistical. Results. It was determined that in conditions of long-term subsurface tillage the most effi cient humus accumulation occurs in the 0–20 cm layer of chernozem with simultaneous increase in its content in the lower part of the processed layer without any accumulation differentiation. Surface tillage leads to expressed differentiation in humus accumulation in the 0–20 cm layer of soil (0.005 % per year). When 6 t/ha of humus are replaced by 7 t/ha of by-products the intensity of humus accumulation is decreasing regardless of the way of tillage, but humus accumulation was found to be the most effi cient for subsurface tillage. The application of subsurface tillage leads to the increase in the ratio of C HA : C FA , which is conditioned by the increase in the humifi cation of plant remains of by-products in the 0−20 cm layer of soil by 110–112 % – for subsurface tillage, and by 105 % – for surface tillage. Conclusions. It was established that systematic subsurface tillage of typical chernozem of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine leads to the structuring both of the total reserves of energy С org , and its quality content, aimed at the increase in the intensity of the processes of humifi cation and accumulation of organic carbon, and the decrease in miner- alization. The ratio of energy reserves С org of humic acids to fulvic acids in the 0−30 cm layer of chernozem is 1.85−1.87 regardless of the way of tillage, which testifi es to the repeatability of humus accumulation, but the total reserves of energy С org was higher for subsurface tillage (+ 31 Teracalorie/ha) compared to deep plough- ing. As for the surface tillage, the energy enrichment was at the level of deep ploughing.

Analysis of Squalene and Its Transformation By-Products in Latent Fingermarks by Ultrahigh-Pressure Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Accurate Mass Orbitrap™ Mass Spectrometry

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buddhika Dorakumbura ◽  
Francesco Busetti ◽  
Simon Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Ultrahigh Pressure ◽  
Accurate Mass ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
By Products ◽  
Over Time ◽  
High Resolution Accurate Mass

<p>Transformation of squalene and its by-products in fingermarks over time under different storage conditions (light, dark and underwater) was examined through ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography high resolution accurate mass Orbitrap™ mass spectrometry. Complications of assessing fingermark compositional variation over time using multiple samples with varying initial compositions were elucidated and a more rational approach was successfully demonstrated. Squalene was detected in all fresh natural fingermarks and the amount ranged between 0.20 to 11.32 μg/5 fingertips. A notable difference in the transformation of squalene was observed with different storage conditions, where a dark aquatic environment accelerated degradation of squalene compared to dark but dry conditions. Squalene monohydroperoxide was extremely short-lived in natural deposits while the amount of squalene epoxide was still increasing relative to the initial amount, after ageing under dark and aquatic conditions for up to 7 days. Some oxidation by-products of cholesterol were also tentatively identified, which exhibited a growth over time against their initial concentration under any of the storage condition tested. These by-products, therefore, show potential as biomarkers for targeted visualisation of aged deposits.</p>

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