Reasons for Career Termination in Danish Elite Athletes: Investigating Gender Differences and the Time-point as Potential Correlates

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 49-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Moesch
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Peak Performance ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Being There ◽  
Career Termination ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Introduction: Career termination, an inevitable step in every athlete’s career, has received increased attention within sport psychological research. A career termination that results in psychological problems is of special concern for sport federations, organizations and clubs. Research has shown that it is crucial to consider an athlete’s the reason for career termination. There is evidence that the causes of an involuntary and unplanned career termination are disadvantageous for athletes’ well-being. There are many important aspects of career termination, such as cultural and social aspects, gender, and the time-point of the occurrence. The present study therefore aims at investigating the causes of career termination and possible correlates with gender and the time-point thereof among Danish elite athletes. Method: Data was gathered from 68 retired Danish elite athletes about their reasons for career termination and about its time-point. A qualitative analysis with the reasons mentioned by the athletes was performed. Moreover, t-tests and chi-square tests were conducted to analyze differences between males and females, and among athletes ending their career at different time-points in their career. Results: The results revealed 10 different reasons given for career termination with lack of motivation, injury or health problems and family related reasons being the top three. Female athletes mentioned that they ended their career due to family-related reasons more often than their male peers. More than a third of all athletes ended their career before their perceived achievement of peak performance. Financial reasons seemed to be of more importance for career termination for athletes ending their career before or at peaking, whereas family-related reasons were more often mentioned by athletes during or after their performance peak. Discussion and conclusion: The results of the study provide an overview of the career termination reasons of Danish elite athletes, which can provide practitioners and organizations with helpful insight when designing respective interventions. When planning such interventions it could be advantageous to deliver specific support for women to enable them to optimally combine family life with an elite sport career.

scholarly journals Mental health screening: severity and cut-off point sensitivity of the Athlete Psychological Strain Questionnaire in male and female elite athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Rice ◽  
Lisa Olive ◽  
Vincent Gouttebarge ◽  
Alexandra G Parker ◽  
Patrick Clifton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Psychological Strain ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cut Points ◽  
Injury Status

ObjectivesTo examine the sensitivity/specificity of the Athlete Psychological Strain Questionnaire (APSQ) in both male and female elite athletes, and also assess internal consistency and convergent/divergent validity, and determine discriminative validity relative to current injury status.MethodsData were provided by 1093 elite athletes (males n=1007; females n=84). Scale validity and reliability values were benchmarked against validated measures of general psychological distress and well-being. ROC curve analysis determined a range of optimal severity cut-points.ResultsBias-corrected area under curve (AUC) values supported three APSQ cut-points for moderate (AUC=0.901), high (AUC=0.944) and very high (AUC=0.951) categories. APSQ total score Cronbach coefficients exceeded those observed for the Kessler 10 (K-10). Gender ×injury status interactions were observed for the APSQ total score and K-10, whereby injured female athletes reported higher scores relative to males and non-injured female counterparts.ConclusionBy providing a range of cut-off scores identifying those scoring in the marginal and elevated ranges, the APSQ may better facilitate earlier identification for male and female elite athletes vulnerable to mental health symptoms and developing syndromes. Use of the APSQ may support sports medicine practitioners and allied health professionals to detect early mental ill health manifestations and facilitate timely management and ideally, remediation of symptoms.

Attitudes of Elite Athletes Toward Female Coaches in Hong Kong

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mee lee Leung
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
Female Coaches

The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes of 130 male and female athletes toward female coaches in Hong Kong. Athletes, selected from 14 individual sports, responded to a questionnaire that included 34 attitudes’ items using a 5-point Likert Scale and a question involving preference, in which subjects indicated their preferences toward male or female coaches. An independent t-test analysis (p < .05) revealed that athletes reported a favorable attitude toward female coaches. Chi-Square analysis revealed that athletes preferred a male coach to a female coach.

scholarly journals Influence of Psycho-Demographic Variables on Psychological Well-Being of Undergraduates of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
W. O. Adeniyi ◽  
O. Onadiji
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Being There ◽  
High Level

The study investigated the influence of emotional intelligence on psychological well being of undergraduates as well as determined influence of demographic variables on psychological well being of undergraduates. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The sample consisted of 480 undergraduates selected from six selected faculties out of the thirteen Faculties in Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, using convenience sampling technique. Two adapted instruments titled “Ryff’s Scale of Psychological Well-Being (RSP)” and “Questionnaire on Students’ Emotional Intelligence (QSEI)” were used to collect information from the students. The reliability tests of the instruments used were Spearman Brown Coefficients and Spearman Brown Split-half reliability tests for RSP yielded results of 0.81 and 0.90 while that, of QSEI had 0.85 and 0.80. Descriptive statistics and chi-square statistics were employed to analyse the data. The results showed that 95% of the undergraduates had high level of psychological well being. There was a significant influence of levels of emotional intelligence on psychological well being of undergraduates (χ2 = 0. 577 at p < 0.05). Furthermore, the results showed a significant influence of each of sex (χ2 = 0. 786; p < 0.05) and place of residence (χ2 = 0.624 at p = < 0.05) on psychological well being of undergraduates. However, there was no significant influence of age range on psychological well being of undergraduates (χ2 = 0. 365; p > 0.05). It was concluded that most undergraduates possessed high level of emotional intelligence and that had predisposed to high psychological well being.

scholarly journals Subjective Well-Being, Mastery of Roles and Their Relationships with Families among Stroke Patients in the Rehabilitation Period

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecep Eli Kosasih ◽  
Chandra Isabella Hostanida Purba ◽  
Tetti Solehati
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Rehabilitation Period ◽  
Being There ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
The Relationship

Patientswithstrokefaceanumberofproblemsthatincludephysical,social,emotional, psychological, and spiritual problems. It caused a decrease in the well-being that he felt by stroke patients ,also coupled with a decrease in the ability to perform daily roles and decreased well-being social relationship, especially relations with his family. This study aimed to identify well-being, mastery of roles, and well-being of relationships with families and was associated with demographic characteristics. This research used quantitative descriptive methods. The sample consisted of stroke patients who were outpatient at a hospital in Bandung. A total of 96 respondents were taken based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The instruments used were personal well-being index, Role-Function Mode Scale, and Brief Family Relationship Scale. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and chi square. The results showed that half (50%) of stroke patients experienced poor well-being. There were still those who said that almost half (39.60%) of stroke patients said that mastery of roles was not good. Likewise with the well-being of relations, there were still those who said almost half (35.40%) of the welfare of their relationships was not good. From the analysis of the relationship between demographic characteristics, it found that there was a significant relationship between the subjective well-being of stroke patients and the relationship between respondents and families (p = 0.001). Conclusions is well-being, mastery of roles, and relationships with families in stroke patients are still not satisfactory.Efforts are needed that can increase family support effectively for stroke patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Chronic Bronchitis in the Northwest of Iran: Results of the Pilot Phase of the Azar Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
Delara Laghousi ◽  
Mahasti Alizadeh ◽  
Nayyereh Aminisan ◽  
Javid Sadeghi ◽  
Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pilot Phase ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Northwest Of Iran ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
East Azerbaijan

Background and aims: Although chronic bronchitis is markedly under-diagnosed in the general population, it has a significant impact on the health status and the well-being of patients as well as healthcare resource consumption. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of chronic bronchitis and its correlates in the northwest of Iran. Methods: In 2014, all residents aged 35 and over in Khameneh city, East Azerbaijan, were invited to participate in the pilot phase of the Azar cohort study. The respiratory symptoms questionnaires were filled out by two trained general practitioners. Participants with a cough and phlegm on most days during at least three successive months in the previous two years were classified as chronic bronchitis group. Chi-square test was used to compare the chronic bronchitis and smoking status between males and females. Results: A total of 1036 participants were interviewed, 1006 of whom had completed a respiratory questionnaire, from them 544 (54.1%) were females, and 462 (45.9%) were males. The mean age was 52.5 ± 10.5 years. The prevalence of smoking was 16.2%. According to the chronic bronchitis definition, 24 (2.4%) subjects were classified with chronic bronchitis, and the prevalence was higher in the males (4.1%) than that in the females (0.9%). The prevalence was higher among the active smokers and ex-smokers compared to non- smokers (8.6% and 4.1% vs. 0.8%). The prevalence of cigarette smoking was 16.2% and it was higher in the males than that in the females (33.5% vs. 1.5%). Conclusion: the prevalence of chronic bronchitis in the population of the region under study was relatively low in comparison to the other parts of Iran and its prevalence was higher in the males than that in the females.

scholarly journals Women's Sexual Satisfaction and Overall Well-being: Examining Relationship Satisfaction, Sexual Agency, Sociosexual Orientation and Relationship Status

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Curley
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Sexual Satisfaction ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Relationship Status ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Healthy Behaviors ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Being There

Medical and psychological research has found a strong association between sexual satisfaction and overall well-being. However, few studies have addressed whether the relationship between women’s sexual satisfaction and overall well-being differs for women of different ages. This mixed-method study recruited 347 women aged 18 to 76 and found (1) a positive significant association between age, relationship satisfaction, and sexual satisfaction and overall well-being, and higher levels of sexual satisfaction are associated with higher levels of overall well-being. However, age was unrelated to sexual satisfaction and overall well-being, and; (2) while relationship satisfaction interacted with sexual satisfaction and overall well-being, there was no interaction effect of age. Results also indicated that relationship status was unrelated to women's sexual satisfaction. However, sexual satisfaction was positively associated with overall well-being. Semistructured interviews of eight women (ages 20-52) explored women’s attitudes and behaviors pertaining to sex, sexual satisfaction, and wellness. Findings from this study can inform future health psychology and health education efforts to promote the pursuit of sexual satisfaction as a set of healthy behaviors fundamental to overall well-being for women of all ages.

The Effects of a Caffeine Placebo and Experimenter Expectation on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Well-Being, and Cognitive Performance

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Walach ◽  
Stefan Schmidt ◽  
Yvonne-Michelle Bihr ◽  
Susanne Wiesch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Being There ◽  
To Receive

We studied the effect of experimenter expectations and different instructions in a balanced placebo design. 157 subjects were randomized into a 2 × 4 factorial design. Two experimenters were led to expect placebos either to produce physiological effects or not (pro- vs. antiplacebo). All subjects except a control group received a caffeine placebo. They were either made to expect coffee, no coffee, or were in a double-blind condition. Dependent measures were blood pressure, heart rate, well-being, and a cognitive task. There was one main effect on the instruction factor (p = 0.03) with the group “told no caffeine” reporting significantly better well-being. There was one main effect on the experimenter factor with subjects instructed by experimenter “proplacebo” having higher systolic blood pressure (p = 0.008). There was one interaction with subjects instructed by experimenter “proplacebo” to receive coffee doing worse in the cognitive task than the rest. Subjects instructed by experimenter “antiplacebo” were significantly less likely to believe the experimental instruction, and that mostly if they had been instructed to receive coffee. Contrary to the literature we could not show an effect of instruction, but there was an effect of experimenters. It is likely, however, that these experimenter effects were not due to experimental manipulations, but to the difference in personalities.

Authentic leadership and employee psychological well-being: An integrated review of the literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-82
Author(s):  
Hellya Agustina ◽  
Nur Atiqah Abdullah ◽  
Ihil S. Baron
Keyword(s):  
Authentic Leadership ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Employee Attitudes ◽  
Work Climate ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Management Culture ◽  
Employee Silence ◽  
Being There

As we known that one resource that supports work of employee is a good relationship among the leader and co-workers. Leaders who have styles that are able to improve employees' psychological well-being by making workplaces healthy, do not neglect supervision, are able to motivate employees, and reflect values that are important to employees (see, Hsiung 2012; Winkler et al. 2015; Huang et al. 2016; Joo, Park, & Lim 2016). There seems to be general agreement that effective leadership will encourage positive employee attitudes and behaviour (e.g., Fong & Snape 2015; Afsar, Badir & Kiani 2016; Semedo, Coelho, & Ribeiro 2016; Wu & Lee 2017; Kim & Beehr 2018; Buil , Martinez, & Matute 2019; Mostafa & Bottomley 2020). Meanwhile, most of the previous studies link that authentic leadership also has a negative influence on employees, such as: employee silence (Guenter et al. 2016); job stress (Weiss, et al. 2017); cynicism and immodesty (A Megeirhi, et al. 2018); burnout (Fair & Kamal 2019); management culture errors (Farnese et al. 2018); and turnover intentions (Gordon et al. 2019). Researchers found that only a few studied the relationship between authentic leadership and employee psychological well-being. There is only one study that examines this by using work climate as mediator variable in the type of nurse's work. Research conducted by Nelson et al. (2014) which states that authentic leadership has been recognized to influence psychological well-being through its impact on the work climate. Moving on from these issues, the interests of employees in Indonesia should be considered because the employee is required to work for eight hours a day and employees are working to make ends meet. Keywords: authentic leadership, psychological well-being, mediators, moderators, integrated review.

From Help Giving to Helping Relations

2018 ◽  
pp. 464-488
Author(s):  
Arie Nadler
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Help Giving ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Practical Implications

This chapter reviews social psychological research on help giving and helping relations from the 1950s until today. The first section considers the conditions under which people are likely to help others, personality dispositions that characterize helpful individuals, and motivational and attributional antecedents of helpfulness. The second section looks at long-term consequences of help and examines help in the context of enduring and emotionally significant relationships. Research has shown that in the long run help can increase psychological and physical well-being for helpers but discourage self-reliance for recipients. The third section analyzes helping from intra- and intergroup perspectives, considering how its provision can contribute to helpers’ reputations within a group or promote the positive social identity of in-groups relative to out-groups. Help is thus conceptualized as a negotiation between the fundamental psychological needs for belongingness and independence. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Sex Difference in Self-Reported Sexual Functioning Among Frail Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 313-313
Author(s):  
Brianne Olivieri-Mui ◽  
Sandra Shi ◽  
Ellen McCarthy ◽  
Dae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Function ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Sexual Functioning ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Frailty may differentially impact how older adult males and females perceive sexual functioning, an important part of well-being. We assessed the level of frailty (robust, pre-frail, frail) for anyone with data on 11 sexual functioning questions asked in wave 2 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, 2010-2011 (n=2060). Questions covered five domains: overall sexual function (OSF), sexual function anxiety (SFA), changes in sexual function (CSF), erectile/vaginal dysfunction (EVD), and masturbation. Logistic regression identified sex differences in frailty and reporting worse sexual functioning. Linear regression predicted the number of domains reported as worse. Among males (n=1057), pre-frailty meant higher odds of reporting SFA (OR 1.8 95%CI 1.2-6.6), CSF (OR 1.7 95%CI 1.1-2.7), and EVD (OR 1.5 95%CI 1.0-2.2). Among females (n=1003), there was no difference in reporting by frailty. Females were more likely to report worse OSF (Robust: OR 7.4, 95%CI 4.8-11.4; Pre-frail: OR 6.2, 95%CI 3.9-9.9; Frail: OR 3.4 95%CI 1.7-6.6), but less likely to report SFA (Robust OR .3, 95%CI .2-.5; Pre-frail OR .2, 95%CI .1-.3; Frail OR .2 95%CI .1-.3). Pre-frail and frail females reported fewer domains as worse (Pre-frail coefficient -0.21 SE 0.09, Frail -0.43 SE 0.14). As frailty worsened, males reported more domains as worse (Pre-frail 0.24 SE 0.07, Frail 0.29 SE 0.08). Self-reported sexual functioning differs by sex at all levels of frailty, and reporting by males, but not females, changes with frailty. Providers should be aware that sexual functioning is of importance to both sexes despite varying degrees of frailty.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document