scholarly journals The physics of cement cohesion

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (32) ◽  
pp. eabg5882
Author(s):  
Abhay Goyal ◽  
Ivan Palaia ◽  
Katerina Ioannidou ◽  
Franz-Josef Ulm ◽  
Henri van Damme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cement Hydration ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Analytical Prediction ◽  
Binding Agent ◽  
Charged Surfaces ◽  
Calcium Silicate Hydrates ◽  
Major Player ◽  
The World ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Nanoscale Interactions

Cement is the most produced material in the world. A major player in greenhouse gas emissions, it is the main binding agent in concrete, providing a cohesive strength that rapidly increases during setting. Understanding how such cohesion emerges is a major obstacle to advances in cement science and technology. Here, we combine computational statistical mechanics and theory to demonstrate how cement cohesion arises from the organization of interlocked ions and water, progressively confined in nanoslits between charged surfaces of calcium-silicate-hydrates. Because of the water/ions interlocking, dielectric screening is drastically reduced and ionic correlations are proven notably stronger than previously thought, dictating the evolution of nanoscale interactions during cement hydration. By developing a quantitative analytical prediction of cement cohesion based on Coulombic forces, we reconcile a fundamental understanding of cement hydration with the fully atomistic description of the solid cement paste and open new paths for scientific design of construction materials.

Frost Heaving Soil Road Use Synthetic Adhesive Reinforcement Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 740 ◽  
pp. 759-762
Author(s):  
Hao Zeng Bao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Frost Heaving ◽  
The World ◽  
Rock And Soil

In many areas, there are still a development road construction materials, traditionally, often use reinforced concrete, asphalt and other adhesive method to strengthen the low strength of rock and soil anti-freeze expansion coefficient; And now all countries in the world are studying how to use industrial production waste development of new composite materials. One of the most development potential, the production of industrial waste - slime. This paper USES the Russian kazan national construction university experimental methods, in the experiment to improve frost heaving soil physical and mechanical properties of the method for the synthesis of adhesive, based on the feasibility and applicability, environmental assessment of research and analysis, for the use of adhesive put forward a lot of reference value.

scholarly journals FOREST IN THE BASHKIRS' VIEW OF THE WORLD

2022 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Ю. А. Абсалямова
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aesthetic Perception ◽  
Food Protection ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
Other World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

В статье анализируются особенности восприятия лесного пространства башкирами. На основе языковых, фольклорных материалов сделана попытка раскрыть различные аспекты взаимоотношений лес - человек, образ леса в картине мира башкир. Как и в большинстве традиционных культур, в целом мифологический образ леса носит отрицательный характер. В фольклоре он часто описывается как тёмный, мрачный, неизвестный, таящий опасности, противопоставляясь обжитому и освоенному пространству селений. Лесной пандемониум также представлен в основном отрицательными персонажами. В целом образ леса в традиционной картине мира башкир предстаёт довольно неоднозначным. С одной стороны - это категория, связанная с потусторонним миром, неизведанная, «чужая» территория. С другой - лес издавна являлся источником различных благ - в виде строительного материала, пушнины, различных продуктов питания, укрывал от врагов. The article analyzes the features of Bashkirs' perception of the forest space. On the basis of the materials of the epos, folklore, folk ideas, an attempt was made to reveal the various aspects of the relationship between forest and man, the image of the forest in Bashkirs' world view. As in most traditional cultures, the mythological image of the forest as a whole is negative. In folklore, it is often described as dark, gloomy, unknown, fraught with danger, being contrasted with the inhabited and developed space of the villages. The forest pandemonium is also represented mainly by negative characters. On the other hand, in the domestic perception forest is valued for the benefits derived from it: shelter, food, protection from enemies. In addition, Bashkirs, distinguished by a developed aesthetic perception and contemplative thinking, appreciated its beauty, which is also reflected in folklore. In general, the image of forest in the Bashkirs' traditional view of the world appears rather ambiguous. On the one hand, it is the category associated with the other world, unknown, «foreign» territory. On the other hand, the forest has long been a source of various benefits - in the form of construction materials, furs, various food products, and it sheltered them from enemies.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Consumer Perception on the Usage of Cadbury Products in Malaysia and India

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-115
Author(s):  
Rudresh Pandey ◽  
Ajay Massand ◽  
Suhasini BV ◽  
Lavi Sharma ◽  
Akansha Rai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Consumer Perceptions ◽  
Consumer Perception ◽  
Indian Market ◽  
Buying Behavior ◽  
Major Player ◽  
The World ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Chocolates and snacks are a humongous market all around the world. Mondelez International, the producer of Cadbury is a major player in this industry which perceives the Malaysian and Indian market differently. This study aims to examine the consumer perception on the usage of Cadbury products in Malaysia and India. The study would examine the association, usage, buying behavior and customer satisfaction in the two countries and identify similarities and differences among them. This study involves both primary and secondary data collected through various sources such as consumers from the two countries and publications. These findings provide a comparative insight about consumer perceptions about the products which help in understanding the two markets and marketing activities in detail.

scholarly journals Partial Replacement of Cement by Neem Leaves Ash and Fly Ash

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 506-508
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
The World

Concrete is the most essential construction materials in all over the world. It is necessary to search the cheaply obtainable material as admixture which might be partially replaced cement in the production of concrete. This project is an experimental investigation of the neem leaves ash as partial replacement for cement also fly ash is used for partial replacement of cement. The neem leaves were dried, burnt and heated in the furnace to produce Neem leaves Ash, which was discovered to posses Pozzolanic properties.the ordinary Portland cement was replaced by neem ash by 5%,10%,15%,20% and 25% by weight also flash replaced by 15%,20%,25% and 30% the cubes were crushed to know the comparative strength of the concrete at different curing days. The last result showed that workability and strength properties of the concrete was depended on water cement ratio, total days of curing, the percentage of replacement of Neem leaves ash for OPC . I. This project it was noticed that the result of 5% NLA and 15% fly ash and 10% NLA and 20% of fly ash were gradually increasing the strength at 28 days. Neem leaves play a vital role and behaviour of Neem leaves ash and flash used concrete will be studied

scholarly journals The Nigerian population: A treasure for national development or an unsurmountable national challenge

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
Vitalis Jafla Pontianus ◽  
Oruonye E.D.
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
National Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
High Population ◽  
Major Player ◽  
The World

Nigeria is the most populous black nation in the world. It is equally one of the Less Developed Countries (LDCs) with very high population. Population growth is a very important element and a challenge in the development process in LDCs. The population of Nigeria is expected to continue to grow up to 239 million by 2025 and 440 million by 2050, thereby ranking it to 4th position among countries of the World with high population. This without doubt will place Nigeria in a position of major player in the global system, and more importantly in the African region. It is against this background that this study examines Nigeria’s population composition by poising the following questions; will Nigeria’s present and future population structure be a benefit or a burden? How can Nigeria’s relative share of working-age composition (15- 64) and dependents (under 15 and 65 and over) contribute to long term economic growth and development of the country? The findings of the study reveals that population growth is a critical factor in the development of any economy, providing workforce for production of goods and services to boost economic development and a critical determinant of the potentials of a country’s investment. The study findings also show that continuous population growth militates against economic growth through inducement of poverty, falling medical care/services and environmental degradation, worsen resource scarcity in areas where a large proportion of the population already relies on natural resource-based livelihoods. The study argued that population increase is not a problem in itself to any nation, and that there are some impeding factors associated with population growth such as corruption, inadequate planning, inappropriate implementation of development plans, poor budget/implementation and complacency in developing human capital. These are issues that the Nigerian state since independence have continued to battle with which has invariably made it a seemingly failed state. The study concludes that how much any country can benefit from its population size is dependent on the quality of human capital. Based on the findings, the study recommends economic diversification, government empowerment of Small and Medium scale Enterprises, paying attention to human capital development and target-oriented education.

Ecopedagogy and Education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruyu Hung
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
Ecological Worldview

The neologism ecopedagogy was coined in the late 20th century to represent the joining of ecology and pedagogy. However, ecopedagogy is not an education about ecology but an education through ecology, meaning that it is an education based on an ecological worldview. A worldview is the fundamental understanding of life and the world. Ecological worldview means the ecological approach to the understanding of life and the world. The basic ideas of the ecological worldview come from the science of ecology, of which there are two interpretations: ecology of stability and ecology of instability. Both provide a general, shared outline of the world and how it works but each offers distinctive values of philosophy, ethics, culture, and society with regard to the ecosystem. Ecopedagogy, which encompasses both ecological worldview and education, develops into two broad movements: philosophical ecopedagogy and critical ecopedagogy. For the former, referred to as ecosophy, focuses on the metaphysical investigation of the human-nature relationship and related issues in education. For the latter, ecojustice, the mission is to critique the injustice and oppression involved in environmental issues and to construct a utopian society of planetary civilization.

scholarly journals Amazing Types, Properties, and Applications of Fibres in Construction Materials

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 2513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Mohajerani ◽  
Siu-Qun Hui ◽  
Mehdi Mirzababaei ◽  
Arul Arulrajah ◽  
Suksun Horpibulsuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fibre Reinforcement ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Incineration Process

Fibres have been used in construction materials for a very long time. Through previous research and investigations, the use of natural and synthetic fibres have shown promising results, as their presence has demonstrated significant benefits in terms of the overall physical and mechanical properties of the composite material. When comparing fibre reinforcement to traditional reinforcement, the ratio of fibre required is significantly less, making fibre reinforcement both energy and economically efficient. More recently, waste fibres have been studied for their potential as reinforcement in construction materials. The build-up of waste materials all around the world is a known issue, as landfill space is limited, and the incineration process requires considerable energy and produces unwanted emissions. The utilisation of waste fibres in construction materials can alleviate these issues and promote environmentally friendly and sustainable solutions that work in the industry. This study reviews the types, properties, and applications of different fibres used in a wide range of materials in the construction industry, including concrete, asphalt concrete, soil, earth materials, blocks and bricks, composites, and other applications.

scholarly journals Capacitive and Infrared Gas Sensors for the Assessment of the Methane Number of LNG Fuels

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörgen Sweelssen ◽  
Huib Blokland ◽  
Timo Rajamäki ◽  
Arjen Boersma
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Capacitive Sensor ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Major Player ◽  
The World ◽  
Liquid Natural Gas ◽  
Methane Number

Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) is an energy source that is becoming more important in energy transition, as the world is facing lower the CO2 emissions and backup sources for wind and solar energy are needed. LNG is becoming a major player not only as fuel for power plants, but also in transport and mobility. However, the composition of LNG varies significantly between the various production locations around the world, and the layering of hydrocarbons with different molecular weights takes place even in LNG containers. This is especially critical for LNG engines, in which the ignition properties of the gas depend heavily on the fuel quality or Methane Number (MN) of the gas. For optimized engine operation and motor management, this fuel quality should be measured regularly, preferably online and by a small and low-cost sensor. This paper presents two sensor solutions for the assessment of the full gas composition. For both sensors, the standard deviation in the composition of the relevant hydrocarbons was low enough to calculate the Methane Number with an accuracy of approximately 1 MN unit. It was demonstrated that the electronic capacitive sensor was better suited to assess the higher hydrocarbons, whereas the infrared sensor showed higher selectivity for the lower hydrocarbons.

scholarly journals Experimental Strength of Earth-Based Construction Materials in Different Regions of China

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Zhang ◽  
Bairu Lu ◽  
Yihong Wang ◽  
Zhijun Lei ◽  
Zhanshen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Earth Construction ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
The World ◽  
Red Earth ◽  
Material Load ◽  
Earthen Buildings ◽  
Selection Of

According to the latest UN statistics, more than 2 billion people in the world still live in various forms of earthen buildings, including some in China. The variety of earth-based constructional materials is significant among different regions, with each region influencing the selection of local earth construction materials. In this study, earth materials from four regions of China were collected and sorted, with 10 samples from each source, and cube compressive strength tests were performed to analyze the composition and mechanical properties of the four materials, including northeast black earth, southeast red earth, northwest loess, and Xinjiang yellow sand earth. The results showed that significant differences existed in the composition of earth-based constructional materials from different regions, which have influence on the materials’ compressive strength. The order from large to small of compressive strengths was loess, black earth, yellow sandy earth, and red earth. Material load-displacement curves were influenced significantly by the plasticity index, but the overall failure processes of the various samples were basically the same.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document