scholarly journals Maternal Intravenous Treatment with either Azithromycin or Solithromycin Clears Ureaplasma parvum from the Amniotic Fluid in an Ovine Model of Intrauterine Infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 5413-5420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Miura ◽  
Matthew S. Payne ◽  
Jeffrey A. Keelan ◽  
Andres Noe ◽  
Sean Carter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Sheep Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ureaplasma Parvum ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adverse Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Discernible Difference

ABSTRACTIntrauterine infection withUreaplasmaspp. is strongly associated with preterm birth and adverse neonatal outcomes. We assessed whether combined intraamniotic (IA) and maternal intravenous (IV) treatment with one of two candidate antibiotics, azithromycin (AZ) or solithromycin (SOLI), would eradicate intrauterineUreaplasma parvuminfection in a sheep model of pregnancy. Sheep with singleton pregnancies received an IA injection ofU. parvumserovar 3 at 85 days of gestational age (GA). At 120 days of GA, animals (n= 5 to 8/group) received one of the following treatments: (i) maternal IV SOLI with a single IA injection of vehicle (IV SOLI only); (ii) maternal IV SOLI with a single IA injection of SOLI (IV+IA SOLI); (iii) maternal IV AZ and a single IA injection of vehicle (IV AZ only); (iv) maternal IV AZ and a single IA injection of AZ (IV+IA AZ); or (v) maternal IV and single IA injection of vehicle (control). Lambs were surgically delivered at 125 days of GA. Treatment efficacies were assessed byU. parvumculture, quantitative PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and histopathology. Amniotic fluid (AF) from all control animals contained culturableU. parvum. AF, lung, and chorioamnion from all AZ- or SOLI-treated animals (IV only or IV plus IA) were negative for culturableU. parvum. Relative to the results for the control, the levels of expression of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 2 (MCP-2) in fetal skin were significantly decreased in the IV SOLI-only group, the MCP-1 protein concentration in the amniotic fluid was significantly increased in the IV+IA SOLI group, and there was no significant difference in the histological inflammation scoring of lung or chorioamnion among the five groups. In the present study, treatment with either AZ or SOLI (IV only or IV+IA) effectively eradicated macrolide-sensitiveU. parvumfrom the AF. There was no discernible difference in antibiotic therapy efficacy between IV-only and IV+IA treatment regimens relative to the results for the control.

scholarly journals Maternal Administration of Solithromycin, a New, Potent, Broad-Spectrum Fluoroketolide Antibiotic, Achieves Fetal and Intra-Amniotic Antimicrobial Protection in a Pregnant Sheep Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 447-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Keelan ◽  
Matthew W. Kemp ◽  
Matthew S. Payne ◽  
David Johnson ◽  
Sarah J. Stock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Sheep Model ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
Antimicrobial Protection ◽  
Maternal Administration

ABSTRACTSolithromycin (CEM-101) is a new antibiotic that is highly potent againstUreaplasmaandMycoplasmaspp. and active against many other antibiotic-resistant organisms. We have explored the maternal-amniotic-fetal pharmacokinetics of CEM-101 in a pregnant sheep model to assess its potential for treating intrauterine and antenatal infection. Chronically catheterized pregnant ewes (n= 6 or 7) received either a single maternal intravenous (i.v.) infusion of CEM-101 (10 mg/kg of body weight), a single intra-amniotic (i.a.) injection (1.4 mg/kg of estimated fetal weight), or a combined i.v. and i.a. dose. Maternal plasma (MP), fetal plasma (FP), and amniotic fluid (AF) samples were taken via catheter at intervals of 0 to 72 h postadministration, and concentrations of solithromycin and its bioactive polar metabolites (N-acetyl [NAc]–CEM-101 and CEM-214) were determined. Following maternal i.v. infusion, peak CEM-101 concentrations in MP, FP, and AF were 1,073, 353, and 214 ng/ml, respectively, representing a maternal-to-fetal plasma transfer efficiency of 34%. A single maternal dose resulted in effective concentrations (>30 ng/ml) in MP, FP, and AF sustained for >12 h. NAc–CEM-101 and CEM-214 exhibited delayed accumulation and clearance in FP and AF, resulting in an additive antimicrobial effect (>48 h). Intra-amniotic solithromycin injection resulted in elevated (∼50 μg/ml) and sustained CEM-101 concentrations in AF and significant levels in FP, although the efficiency of amniotic-to-fetal transfer was low (∼1.5%). Combined i.v. and i.a. administration resulted in primarily additive concentrations of CEM-101 in all three compartments. Our findings suggest that CEM-101 may provide, for the first time, an effective antimicrobial approach for the prevention and treatment of intrauterine infection and early prevention of preterm birth.

scholarly journals Antibody Responses to Natural Rattlesnake Envenomation and a Rattlesnake Toxoid Vaccine in Horses

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 732-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyndi L. Gilliam ◽  
Robert C. Carmichael ◽  
Todd C. Holbrook ◽  
Jennifer M. Taylor ◽  
Charlotte L. Ownby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Passive Transfer ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
Crotalus Atrox ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rattlesnake Venom ◽  
Antibody Titers

ABSTRACTAntivenom antibody titers following administration of rattlesnake venom for antivenom production in horses are well documented; however, antivenom antibody titers following natural rattlesnake envenomation in horses are not. Antibody titers produced in response to the commercially available rattlesnake venom vaccine are also not published. Our study objectives were to measure antivenom antibody titers in rattlesnake-bitten horses and compare them to titers in horses vaccinated with the rattlesnake venom vaccine. Additionally, titers were compared in pregnant versus nonpregnant horses to assess the affect of pregnancy on vaccine response and were measured pre- and postsuckle in foals of vaccinated mares to detect passive transfer of vaccine immunoglobulins. Blood samples were collected from16 rattlesnake-bitten horses. Thirty-six horses (11 pregnant mares, 12 nonpregnant mares, 13 geldings) were vaccinated using aCrotalus atroxvenom toxoid vaccine. Blood was collected before administering each vaccination and 30 days following the third vaccination. Blood was collected from foals of vaccinated mares pre- and postsuckle. All serum was assayed for anti-Crotalus atroxvenom antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Rattlesnake-bitten horses had higher (P= 0.001) titers than vaccinated horses. There was no significant difference between titers in vaccinated pregnant versus nonpregnant horses. One mare had a positive titer at foaling, and the foals had positive postsuckle titers. Antivenom antibody titer development was variable following natural envenomation and vaccination, and vaccine-induced titers were lower than natural envenomation titers. Further studies are required to determine if natural or vaccine antivenom antibody titers reduce the effects of envenomation.

New prognostic protein markers for intrauterine infections in preterm birth

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
L.V. Renge ◽  
◽  
E.Yu. Grigoryeva ◽  
V.N. Zorina ◽  
A.E. Vlasenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Cord Serum ◽  
Intrauterine Infections

Objective. To identify prognostic markers of intrauterine infection (IUI) of the fetus and newborn in maternal serum, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord serum in case of preterm birth. Patients and methods. We examined 93 pregnant women who had preterm birth (PB) from 24 to 33 weeks of gestation. Thirtyfive women delivered babies without any signs of IUI, while 30 women had newborns with mild IUI (conjunctivitis, lymphadenitis, pyoderma) and 28 women had newborns with severe IUI (early neonatal sepsis, advanced herpesvirus infection, chlamydiosis, candidiasis, pneumonia, and meningitis). We measured the levels of alpha 2-macroglobulin (α2-MG) in maternal serum (MS), umbilical cord serum (UCS) using rocket immunoelectrophoresis and in amniotic fluid (AF) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The level of lactoferrin (LF) was assessed using ELISA. MS and UCS levels of albumin (ALB) were measured using biochemical methods, while AF level ALB was evaluated using rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression. Results. We found no association between the concentration of LF in all biological fluids and the condition of newborns. Levels of ALB in MS and UCS also demonstrated no correlation with the condition of newborns. AF ALB in women who delivered babies with IUI (any grade of severity) was significantly higher than that in women who delivered babies without IUI. Women who delivered babies with severe IUI demonstrated the lowest concentration of α2-MG in their serum, whereas women who delivered babies with mild IUI had the highest α2-MG concentration. The AF α2-MG level was 10 to 20 times higher in women who had babies with IUI (any grade of severity) compared to those who had babies without IUI. Conclusion. Low α2-MG level in MS (<2.2 g/L) along with elevated α2-MG level in AF (≥6.0 mg/L) in 86–89% of PB cases indicated generalized fetal IUI and required urgent delivery without prolongation of pregnancy. Key words: albumin, alpha-2-macroglobulin, intrauterine infection, lactoferrin. premature birth

scholarly journals Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Amniotic Fluid

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 140-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Denise Raynor ◽  
Penny Clark ◽  
Patrick Duff
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Csf Levels ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stimulating Factor ◽  
Factor G

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is normally present in amniotic fluid and then to determine if amniotic-fluid G-CSF levels are affected by labor and intrauterine infection.Methods: Amniotic fluid was collected from 35 patients in 4 groups: no labor, early labor, late labor, and labor plus chorioamnionitis. G-CSF levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: The mean amniotic-fluid G-CSF concentrations prior to labor were lower than during labor (0.49 ± 0.25 ng/ml for prior to labor vs. 1.83 ± 1.0 ng/ml for labor, P < 0.001). With chorioamnionitis, the mean levels were elevated compared with normal labor (25.0 ± 4.8 ng/ml for chorioamnionitis vs. 1.83 ± 1.0 ng/ml for normal labor, P < 0.0001). In early and late labor, G-CSF was higher than prior to labor (0.49 ± 0.25 ng/ml for no labor vs. 1.48 ± 1.0 ng/ml for early labor, P < 0.02, vs. 2.2 ± 0.8 ng/ml for late labor, P < 0.0005). The mean concentrations in early and late labor were not different.Conclusions: G-CSF is present in amniotic fluid and increased with labor. When labor is complicated by chorioamnionitis, G-CSF is significantly elevated.

Amniotic fluid concentrations of soluble endoglin and endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 in pregnancies complicated with neural tube defects

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
Ali Ovayolu ◽  
Gamze Ovayolu ◽  
Tuncay Yuce ◽  
Murat Aykut Ozek ◽  
Ilkay Dogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Soluble Endoglin ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the concentrations of soluble endoglin (sCD105) and endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1) in the amniotic fluid (AF) of pregnant women, and to investigate the relationship between these concentrations and neural tube defects (NTDs).MethodsAF concentrations of sCD105 and ESM-1 were measured in the study group, which included 60 pregnant women complicated with NTDs, and 64 pregnant women with unaffected healthy fetuses (control group). The AF concentrations of sCD105 and ESM-1 in both groups were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and compared.ResultsThere were no significant differences in terms of the mean AF concentrations of sCD105 and ESM-1 between the groups (P=0.141, P=0.084, respectively). There was a significant difference between the AF sCD105 concentrations in those with gestational age <24 weeks (n=101) and ≥24 weeks (n=23) (X̅<24=76.35±126.62 vs. X≥24=39.87±58.32, P=0.041). AF ESM-1 concentrations were found to be statistically significant in the gestational age <22 weeks (n=90) and ≥22 weeks (n=34) groups (X̅<22=135.91±19.26 vs. X̅≥22=148.56±46.85, P=0.035). A positive and low-level relation at a statistically significant level was determined between the gestational age and AF ESM-1 concentration in the study group (r=0.257; P=0.048).ConclusionAF concentrations of sCD105 and ESM-1 were not associated with the development of NTDs. Unlike studies that reported that ESM-1 concentrations decreased in maternal plasma with increased gestational age, we determined an increase that was proportionate to gestational age in AF.

scholarly journals Serum IgG Response to Cryptosporidium Immunodominant Antigen gp15 and Polymorphic Antigen gp40 in Children with Cryptosporidiosis in South India

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sitara Swarna Rao Ajjampur ◽  
Rajiv Sarkar ◽  
Geneve Allison ◽  
Kalyan Banda ◽  
Anne Kane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
South India ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Cryptosporidium Hominis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACTThe surface-associated glycopeptides gp40, one of the most polymorphicCryptosporidiumantigens, and gp15, one of the most immunodominantCryptosporidiumantigens, are putative vaccine candidates because they mediate infectionin vitroand induce immune responsesin vivo. We evaluated antibody responses to these antigens before and after the first episode of symptomatic cryptosporidiosis in 51 children from a birth cohort study in an area in South India whereCryptosporidiumis endemic and a major cause of parasitic diarrhea. IgG levels to gp15 and to homotypic and heterotypic gp40 antigens were measured in pre- and postdiarrheal sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). There was a significant IgG response to gp15 (P< 0.001) following the first episode of cryptosporidial diarrhea. Using a general additive model, we determined the estimated time of the peak IgG response to gp15 to be 9.3 weeks (confidence interval, 5.2 to 13.4) following the diarrheal episode. In a subset of 30 children infected withCryptosporidium hominissubtype Ia, there was a significant difference in IgG responses to homotypicC. hominisIa and to heterotypicCryptosporidium parvumII gp40 antigens (P= 0.035). However, there was also a significant correlation (P= 0.001) in the responses to both antigens in individual children, suggesting that while responses are in part subtype specific, there is significant cross-reactivity to both antigens. This is the first report of the characterization of immune responses to cryptosporidiosis in Indian children and the first study to investigate human immune responses to the polymorphic gp40 antigen. However, further studies are needed to determine whether immune responses to these antigens are protective against subsequent infections.

Immunoreactivity of Tissue Plasminogen Activator and of Its Inhibitor Complexes

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (03) ◽  
pp. 409-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rånby ◽  
G Nguyen ◽  
P Y Scarabin ◽  
M Samama
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen ◽  
Pai 1

SummaryAn enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on goat polyclonal antibodies against human tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was evaluated. The relative immunoreactivity of tPA in free form and tPA in complex with inhibitors was estimated by ELISA and found to be 100, 74, 94, 92 and 8l% for free tPA and tPA in complex with PAI-1, PAI-2, α2-antiplasmin and C1-inhibitor, respectively. Addition of tPA to PAI-1 rich plasma resulted in rapid and total loss of tPA activity without detectable loss of ELISA response, indicating an immunoreactivity of tPA in tPA/PAI-1 complex of about l00%. Three different treatments of citrated plasma samples (acidification/reneutralization, addition of 5 mM EDTA or of 0.5 M lysine) prior to determination by ELISA all resulted in increased tPA levels. The fact that the increase was equally large in all three cases along with good analytical recovery of tPA added to plasffi, supported the notion that all tPA antigen present in plasma samples is measured by the ELISA. Analysis by ELISA of fractions obtained by gel filtration of plasma from a patient undergoing tPA treatment identified tPA/inhibitor complexes and free tPA but no low molecular weight degradation products of tPA. Determinations of tPA antigen were made at seven French clinical laboratories on coded and randomized plasma samples with known tPA antigen content. For undiluted samples there was no significant difference between the tPA levels found and those known to be present. The between-assay coefficient of variation was 7 to 10%. In conclusion, the ELISA appeared suited for determination of total tPA antigen in human plasma samples.

An Enzyme Immunoassay (ELISA) for the Quantitation of Human Factor VII

1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (03) ◽  
pp. 250-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Boyer ◽  
M Wolf ◽  
C Rothschild ◽  
M Migaud ◽  
J Amiral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Coagulant Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Deep Vein

SummaryA new solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the quantitation of human Factor VII antigen (F VII Ag), using a monospecific rabbit anti-F VII antiserum. Anti-F VII F(ab′)2 fragments were adsorbed to polystyrene plates. The binding of serial dilutions of control or test plasma, containing F VII, was detected by incubation with peroxidase-labeled anti- FV II IgG followed by the addition of hydrogen peroxyde and O-phenylenediamine. This ELISA is specific, sensitive (detection limit: 0.05%) and accurate (coefficient of variation: 1.5-4% for within- and 1.6-9% for between-assays). F VII coagulant activity (F VII C) and F VII Ag were determined in large populations of controls and patients. In normal plasma (n = 38), F VII Ag ranged from 83 to 117% and the correlation coefficient between F VII Ag and F VII C was 0.94. In patients with severe (F VII C inf. 1%) congenital F VII deficiency (n = 5), F VII Ag was undetectable in two cases (inf. 0.05%) and markedly reduced (0.35 to 5.6%) in the three other cases. In patients with liver cirrhosis (n = 15), F VII Ag ranged from 21 to 59% and was in good correlation with F VII C (r = 0.84). In dicoumarol treated patients (n = 15), the levels of F VII Ag ranged from 51% to 79% and a poor correlation (r = 0.52) with F VIIC was observed. In “compensated” DIC (n = 5), levels of F VII Ag varied from 60 to 186%, with significantly higher F VII C levels (from 143 to 189%). In contrast, in “decompensated” DIC (n = 7), low F VII Ag and F VII C levels were observed (from 7 to 27%). In patients with deep-vein thrombosis (n = 25), high levels of F VII Ag (from 102 to 136%) and F VII C (from 110 to 150%) were demonstrated. In surgical patients, no significant difference was observed before and one day after intervention.

Gamma knife radiosurgery for intracranial metastatic melanoma: a 6-year experience

2002 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 494-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Gonzalez-martinez ◽  
Laura Hernandez ◽  
Lucia Zamorano ◽  
Andrew Sloan ◽  
Kenneth Levin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Metastatic Melanoma ◽  
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
Karnofsky Performance Scale ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The purpose of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the effectiveness of stereotactic radiosurgery for intracranial metastatic melanoma and to identify prognostic factors related to tumor control and survival that might be helpful in determining appropriate therapy. Methods. Twenty-four patients with intracranial metastases (115 lesions) metastatic from melanoma underwent radiosurgery. In 14 patients (58.3%) whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) was performed, and in 12 (50%) chemotherapy was conducted before radiosurgery. The median tumor volume was 4 cm3 (range 1–15 cm3). The mean dose was 16.4 Gy (range 13–20 Gy) prescribed to the 50% isodose at the tumor margin. All cases were categorized according to the Recursive Partitioning Analysis classification for brain metastases. Univariate and multivariate analyses of survival were performed to determine significant prognostic factors affecting survival. The mean survival was 5.5 months after radiosurgery. The analyses revealed no difference in terms of survival between patients who underwent WBRT or chemotherapy and those who did not. A significant difference (p < 0.05) in mean survival was observed between patients receiving immunotherapy or those with a Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score of greater than 90. Conclusions. The treatment with systemic immunotherapy and a KPS score greater than 90 were factors associated with a better prognosis. Radiosurgery for melanoma-related brain metastases appears to be an effective treatment associated with few complications.

Gamma knife radiosurgery for metastatic brain tumors from lung cancer: a comparison between small cell and non—small cell carcinoma

2002 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 484-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Serizawa ◽  
Junichi Ono ◽  
Toshihiko Iichi ◽  
Shinji Matsuda ◽  
Makoto Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Gamma Knife ◽  
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Metastatic Brain Tumors ◽  
Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effectiveness of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) for the treatment of metastatic brain tumors from lung cancer, with particular reference to small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) compared with non-SCLC (NSCLC). Methods. Two hundred forty-five consecutive patients meeting the following five criteria were evaluated in this study: 1) no prior brain tumor treatment; 2) 25 or fewer lesions; 3) a maximum of three tumors with a diameter of 20 mm or larger; 4) no surgically inaccessible tumor 30 mm or greater in diameter; and 5) more than 3 months of life expectancy. According to the same treatment protocol, large tumors (≥ 30 mm) were surgically removed and the other small lesions (< 30 mm) were treated with GKS. New lesions were treated with repeated GKS. Chemotherapy was administered, according to the primary physician's protocol, as aggressively as possible. Progression-free, overall, neurological, qualitative, and new lesion—free survival were calculated with the Kaplan—Meier method and were compared in the SCLC and NSCLC groups by using the log-rank test. The poor prognostic factors for each type of survival were also analyzed with the Cox proportional hazard model. Conclusions. Tumor control rate at 1 year was 94.5% in the SCLC group and 98% in the NSCLC group. The median survival time was 9.1 months in the SCLC group and 8.6 months in the NSCLC group. The 1-year survival rates in the SCLC group were 86.5% for neurological survival and 68.9% for qualitative survival; those in the NSCLC group were 87.9% for neurological and 78.9% for qualitative survival. The estimated median interval to emergence of a new lesion was 6.9 months in the SCLC group and 9.8 months in the NSCLC group. There was no significant difference between the two groups for any type of survival; this finding was verified by multivariate analysis. The results of this study suggest that GKS appears to be as effective in treating brain metastases from SCLC as for those from NSCLC.

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