scholarly journals Penetration of Moxifloxacin into Healthy and Inflamed Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues in Humans

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 3099-3103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Joukhadar ◽  
Heino Stass ◽  
Ulrike Müller-Zellenberg ◽  
Edith Lackner ◽  
Florian Kovar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Profile ◽  
In Vivo Microdialysis ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

ABSTRACT The present study addressed the ability of moxifloxacin to penetrate into healthy and inflamed subcutaneous adipose tissues in 12 patients with soft tissue infections (STIs). Penetration of moxifloxacin into the interstitial space fluid of healthy and inflamed subcutaneous adipose tissues was measured by use of in vivo microdialysis following administration of a single intravenous dosage of 400 mg in six diabetic and six nondiabetic patients with STIs. For the entire study population, the mean time-concentration profile of free moxifloxacin in plasma was identical to the time-concentration profile of free moxifloxacin in tissue (P was not significant). For healthy and inflamed adipose tissues for the diabetic subgroup, the mean moxifloxacin areas under the concentration-time curves (AUCs) from 0 to 8 h (AUC0-8s) were 8.1 ± 7.1 and 3.7 ± 1.9 mg·h/liter, respectively (P was not significant). The ratios of the mean AUC0-8 for inflamed tissue/AUC0-8 for free moxifloxacin in plasma were 0.5 ± 0.4 for diabetic patients and 1.2 ± 0.8 for nondiabetic patients (P was not significant). The ratios of the AUCs from 0 to 24 h for free moxifloxacin in plasma/MIC at which 90% of isolates are inhibited were >58 and 121 h for Streptococcus species and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Concentrations of moxifloxacin effective against clinically relevant bacterial strains are reached in plasma and in inflamed and healthy adipose tissues. Thus, the pharmacokinetics of moxifloxacin in tissue and plasma support its use for the treatment of STIs in diabetic and nondiabetic patients.

scholarly journals An unresolved issue: The relationship between spot urine protein-to-creatinine ratio and 24-hour proteinuria

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 1179-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davut Akin ◽  
Sehmus Ozmen
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Urine Protein ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Protein Excretion ◽  
Ratio Data ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
H Protein

Objective To investigate the relationship between spot urine protein-to-creatinine (sP/Cr) ratio and 24-h protein excretion in patients with different diagnoses. Methods This retrospective study analysed data from the medical records of patients admitted for24-h proteinuria determination who also had sP/Cr ratio data for the same day. Results A total of 1222 urine samples obtained from 694 adult outpatients were analysed. The mean ± SD age of the patients was 53.6 ± 15.9 years. The mean ± SD 24-h proteinuria and sP/Cr were 1.7 ± 2.4 g/day and 1.8 ± 2.4, respectively. The correlation between the sP/Cr and 24-h protein excretion was high (R2 = 0.89). The sP/Cr ratio accounted for 72% of the variability in 24-h proteinuria in the entire study population. Areas under the curve for 24-h proteinuria at 0.3 g/day, 1.0 g/day and 3.0 g/day were 0.940, 0.966, and 0.949, respectively. The mean + 2SD limits of agreement were between +2.99 and –2.73 g/day according to the Bland Altman analysis. Conclusion This current study found a clinically unacceptable deviation between 24-h proteinuria and sP/Cr ratio. Therefore, the sP/Cr ratio cannot replace 24-h proteinuria. A new method using spot urine protein and creatinine values that is able to minimize under or over estimation is still warranted.

scholarly journals Altered In Vivo Lipid Fluxes and Cell Dynamics in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues Are Associated With the Unfavorable Pattern of Fat Distribution in Obese Adolescent Girls

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1168-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Nouws ◽  
Mark Fitch ◽  
Mariana Mata ◽  
Nicola Santoro ◽  
Brittany Galuppo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Cell Dynamics ◽  
Obese Adolescent ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

scholarly journals Penetration of Linezolid into Soft Tissues of Healthy Volunteers after Single and Multiple Doses

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 2367-2371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pejman Dehghanyar ◽  
Cornelia Bürger ◽  
Markus Zeitlinger ◽  
Florian Islinger ◽  
Florian Kovar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
In Vivo Microdialysis ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Multiple Doses ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Free Plasma

ABSTRACT The present study tested the ability of linezolid to penetrate soft tissues in healthy volunteers. Ten healthy volunteers were subjected to linezolid drug intake at a dose of 600 mg twice a day for 3 to 5 days. The first dose was administered intravenously. All following doses were self-administered orally. The tissue penetration of linezolid was assessed by use of in vivo microdialysis. In the single-dose experiments the ratios of the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 8 h (AUC0-8) for tissue to the AUC0-8 for free plasma were 1.4 ± 0.3 (mean ± standard deviation) and 1.3 ± 0.4 for subcutaneous adipose and muscle tissue, respectively. After multiple doses, the corresponding mean ratios were 0.9 ± 0.2 and 1.0 ± 0.5, respectively. The ratios of the AUC from 0 to 24 h (AUC0-24) for free linezolid in tissues to the MIC were between 50 and 100 for target pathogens with MICs between 2 and 4 mg/liter. In conclusion, the present study showed that linezolid penetrates rapidly into the interstitial space fluid of subcutaneous adipose and skeletal muscle tissues in healthy volunteers. On the basis of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic calculations, we suggest that linezolid concentrations in soft tissues can be considered sufficient to inhibit the growth of many clinically relevant bacteria.

Vancomycin Tissue Pharmacokinetics in Patients with Lower-Limb Infections via In Vivo Microdialysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth T. Housman ◽  
Amira A. Bhalodi ◽  
Ashley Shepard ◽  
James Nugent ◽  
David P. Nicolau
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
In Vivo Microdialysis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Vascular Perfusion ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
The Mean

Background Vancomycin is a common treatment option for skin and skin structure infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Given the increasing prevalence of MRSA, vancomycin is widely used as empirical therapy. In patients with lower-limb infections, antimicrobial penetration is often reduced because of decreased vascular perfusion. In this study, we evaluated the tissue concentrations of vancomycin in hospitalized patients with lower-limb infections. Methods An in vivo microdialysis catheter was inserted near the margin of the wound and was perfused with lactated Ringer's solution. Tissue and serum samples were obtained after steady state for one dosing interval. Tissue concentrations were corrected for percentage of in vivo recovery using the retrodialysis technique. Results Nine patients were enrolled (mean ± SD: age, 54 ± 19 years; weight, 105.6 ± 31.5 kg). Patients received a mean of 12.8 mg/kg of vancomycin every 12 hours (n = 7), every 8 hours (n = 1), or every 24 hours (n = 1). Mean ± SD steady-state trough vancomycin concentrations in serum and tissue were 11.1 ± 3.3 and 6.0 ± 2.6 μg/mL. The mean ± SD 24-hour free drug areas under the curve for serum and wound were 283.7 ± 89.4 and 232.8 ± 75.7 μg*h/mL, respectively. The mean ± SD tissue penetration ratio was 0.8 ± 0.2. Conclusions These data suggest that against MRSA with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 1 μg/mL or less, vancomycin achieved blood pharmacodynamic targets required for the likelihood of success. Reduced concentrations may contribute to poor outcomes and the development of resistance. As other literature suggests, alternative agents may be needed when the pathogen of interest has a minimum inhibitory concentration greater than 1 μg/mL.

scholarly journals MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAF EXTRACT LOADED HYDROGEL FOR DIABETIC WOUND HEALING

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Satheesh Babu Natarajan ◽  
Sreemoy Kanti Das ◽  
Suriyakala Perumal Chandran ◽  
Aung Myo Oo ◽  
Sowmya Shar Kanneppady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Wound Induction

Diabetic wounds (DW) are a chronic, non-healing wound on the feet of diabetic patients that pose a serious challenge to world health. Around 84% of diabetic patients undergo lower leg amputations. Though numerous topical and systemic drugs have been used to heal the DW, these drugs have led to the emergence and subsequent rapid overgrowth of resistant bacterial strains, side effects and toxicity. Many herbal plants have very important role in wound healing because they promote the natural repair mechanisms. Moringaoleifera (MO) is an important medicinal plant which has an impressive range of medicinal uses including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant and anticancer activities. Recently few researchers reported that MO extracts have effective wound healing property due to the presence of rich flavonoids and vicenin-2. The objective of the present study was to develop hydrogel formulations loaded with Moringaoleifera leaves extract. The prepared hydrogels were evaluated for physical appearance, rheological behavior, skin irritation and wound-healing power in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male wistar albino rats. Results showed that all hydrogel formulations exhibited good and acceptable physical properties. All the animals tolerated the applied gels and no signs of irritations were noticed during the skin irritation study. The in-vivo wound healing studies showed a time dependent increase in percentage of wound, a contraction which is higher than that produced by the control groups. These contractions were statistically significant (P<0.001), during the first 10 days of the study with MO-Hydrogel administration. The MO-hydrogel showed the highest percent wound contraction with complete wound closure and epithelization was observed on 7thday of wound induction.

scholarly journals Distribution of Ocular Anterior and Posterior Segment Lengths Among a Cataract Surgical Population in Shanghai

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Qi ◽  
Wenwen He ◽  
Jiaqi Meng ◽  
Ling Wei ◽  
Dongjin Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Posterior Segment ◽  
Segment Length ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male Subjects

Purpose: To investigate the distributions of the ocular anterior and posterior segment lengths among a cataract surgical population in Shanghai.Design: Cross-sectional study.Methods: Ocular biometric parameters of 23,462 eyes of 23,462 cataract surgery candidates were reviewed. Axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and lens thickness (LT) were obtained using IOL Master. Anterior segment length (ASL = ACD + LT), posterior segment length (PSL = AL – ASL) and the ratio of ASL to PSL (ASL/PSL) were calculated.Results: The mean ASL was 7.58 ± 0.39 mm, the mean PSL was 17.12 ± 2.64 mm. As the age grew, the ASL increased, and PSL increased firstly then decreased. Male subjects tended to have significantly longer ASL and shorter PSL than female subjects. With the increasing AL, the ASL was firstly decreased to trough at 20–22 mm AL group, then increased gradually, while the PSL increased rapidly. The ASL correlated positively with AL in normal, moderate and highly myopic eyes, negatively in short eyes. The PSL correlated positively with AL across the entire study population. The ASL/PSL was not constant in the eyes with different AL but had a relatively steep downward trend with the increasing AL in the short eyes, then decreased smoothly in normal, moderate and highly myopic eyes.Conclusions: In Chinese cataractous eyes, longer ASL and shorter PSL were associated with elder age and male gender. The change of ASL over AL was not linear, and the ASL was smallest in the eyes with AL of 20–22 mm. The elongation of the eyeball was mainly due to the extension of the posterior segment.

scholarly journals Tissue Penetration and Pharmacokinetics of Tigecycline in Diabetic Patients with Chronic Wound Infections Described by Using In Vivo Microdialysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 5209-5213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catharine C. Bulik ◽  
Dora E. Wiskirchen ◽  
Ashley Shepard ◽  
Christina A. Sutherland ◽  
Joseph L. Kuti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Protein Binding ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Tissue Penetration ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Tissue penetration of systemic antibiotics is an important consideration for positive outcomes in diabetic patients. Herein we describe the exposure profile and penetration of tigecycline in the interstitial fluid of wound margins versus that of uninfected thigh tissue in 8 adult diabetic patients intravenously (IV) administered 100 mg and then 50 mg of tigecycline twice daily for 3 to 5 doses. Prior to administration of the first dose, 2 microdialysis catheters were inserted into the subcutaneous tissue, the first within 10 cm of the wound margin and the second in the thigh of the same extremity. Samples for determination of plasma and tissue concentrations were simultaneously collected over 12 h under steady-state conditions. Tissue concentrations were corrected for percent in vivo recovery by the retrodialysis technique. Plasma samples were also collected for determination of protein binding at 1, 6, and 12 h postdose for each patient. Protein binding data were corrected using a fitted polynomial equation. The mean patient weight was 95.1 kg (range, 63.6 to 149.2 kg), the mean patient age was 63.5 ± 9.4 years, and 75% of the patients were males. The mean values for the plasma, thigh, and wound free area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (fAUC0-24) were 2.65 ± 0.33, 2.52 ± 1.15, and 2.60 ± 1.02 μg·h/ml, respectively. Protein binding was nonlinear, with the percentage of free drug increasing with decreasing serum concentrations. Exposure values for thigh tissue and wound tissue were similar (P = 0.986). Mean steady-state tissue concentrations for the thigh and wound were similar at 0.12 ± 0.02 μg/ml, and clearance from the tissues appeared similar to that from plasma. Tissue penetration ratios (tissue fAUC/plasma fAUC) were 99% in the thigh and 100% in the wound (P = 0.964). Tigecycline penetrated equally well into wound and uninfected tissue of the same extremity.

scholarly journals Demographic Characteristics of Diabetic Neuropathy Patients Attended at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka City

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mashudur Rahman ◽  
Abu Nasir Rizvi ◽  
Mohammad Nazim Uddin ◽  
Rashida Akter Khanam ◽  
Muhammad Abdul Momen Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type I ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Diabetic neuropathy is one of the early complications of diabetes mellitus patients which is very difficult to face in the daily living activities. The purpose of the present study was to see the demographic characteristics of diabetic neuropathy patients. Metarials & Methods: This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Neurology including Neuropathy Clinic and in collaboration with department of Endocrinology at Banghabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from January 2012 to December 2013 for a period of two (2) years. Adult diabetic patients presented with neuropathic pain with symmetrical involvement of distal limbs from indoor and outpatient department of Neurology including Neuropathy clinic as well as indoor and outpatient department of Endocrinology, BSMMU were enrolled in the study population. Data was collected by face to face interview. Information was collected by taking medical history and clinical examinations and subsequent laboratory investigations. Results: A total number of 102 cases were recruited for this study who were clinically diagnosed as painful diabetic polyneuropathy. Female was predominant than male 55(53.9%) cases and 47(46.1%) cases respectively. The male and female ratio was 1:1.2. Majority were in the age group of more than 55 years which was 55(53.9%) cases. The mean age with SD of the study population was 52.79±9.42 years. Among 102 patients type II DM was predominate than type I patients which were 95(92.2%) cases and 8(7.8%) cases respectively. The mean duration of DM with SD was 6.51±3.6 years. However the mean duration of neuropathic pain was 1.68±1.155 years. Conclusion: In conclusion majority of the diabetic neuropathy patients are female suffering from type II DM in the middle age. Medicine Today 2019 Vol.31(1): 27-30

scholarly journals Inflammation-related oxidative stress in white adipose tissues of an inbred obese pig

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. F. Yang ◽  
Z. Y. Jiang ◽  
Z. M. Tian ◽  
Y. Q. Qiu ◽  
L. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Uneven Development ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Abstract The uneven development of adipose tissues reflects a differential occurrence of biological events in vivo while the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. In the present study, the in vivo inflammatory status of an inbred obese porcine model, Lantang pig, was assessed, aiming to provide evidence for obesity biology. Compared with genetically lean pigs (crossbred, Duroc × Landrace × Large White), Lantang pigs exhibited a larger amount of ultra large adipocytes in subcutaneous adipose tissue accompanied with higher expression of macrophage/monocytes markers and pro-inflammatory genes (TLR4, CD14, CD11β, MCP1, TNFα, IL1β and IL6) and lower expression of cellular antioxidant enzymes (SOD1, 2 and 3). Plasma concentrations of LPS and TNF-α were also higher in Lantang pigs than in lean pigs. Among adipose tissues of Lantang pigs, the subcutaneous tissue had the most abundant expression of inflammation related genes (TLR4, CD14, TNFα and IL6) and the lowest level of cellular antioxidant genes (SOD 1 and 2), while the perirenal adipose tissue had opposite profile. Significant activation of p38 MAPK pathway was indicated by increased phosphorylation of p38 in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of Lantang pigs. Collectively, the bacteria-derived LPS induced inflammation-associated oxidative stress indeed exists in adipose tissues of Lantang pig, and the differential expressions of inflammatory and antioxidant genes, to some extent, account for the uneven development of the adipose tissue within bodies.

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