scholarly journals Occurrence and transmission of blaNDM-producing Enterobacteriaceae from geese and the surrounding environment on a commercial goose farm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dao-Ji Cen ◽  
Ruan-Yang Sun ◽  
Jia-Lin Mai ◽  
Yu-Wei Jiang ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Mercury Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Wild Mice ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
Community Environments ◽  
Horizontal Spread

We investigated the prevalence and transmission of NDM-producing Enterobacteriaceae in fecal samples of geese and environmental samples from a goose farm in Southern China. The samples were cultivated on MacConkey agar plates supplemented with meropenem. Individual colonies were examined for blaNDM and blaNDM-positive bacteria were characterized based on WGS data from the Illumina and ONT platforms. Of 117 samples analyzed, the carriage rates for NDM-positive Enterobacteriaceae were 47.1, 18 and 50% in geese, inanimate environments (sewage, soil, fodder and dust) and mouse samples, respectively. Two variants (4 blaNDM-1 and 40 blaNDM-5) were found among 44 blaNDM-positive Enterobacteriaceae, which belonged to 8 species and Escherichia coli was the most prevalent (50%). WGS analysis revealed that blaNDM co-existed with diverse antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Population structure analysis showed that most E. coli and Enterobacter sp. isolates were highly heterogeneous while most Citrobacter sp. and P. stuartii isolates possessed extremely high genetic similarity. Additionally, blaNDM-5-positive ST4358/ST48 E. coli isolates were found to be clonally spread between the geese and environment and were highly genetically similar to those reported from ducks, farm environments and humans in China. Plasmid analysis indicated that IncX3 pHNYX644-1-like (n=40) and untypable pM2-1-like plasmids (n=4) mediated blaNDM spread. pM2-1-like plasmids possessed diverse ARGs including blaNDM-1, the arsenical and mercury resistance operons and the maltose operon. Our findings revealed that the goose farm is a reservoir for NDM-positive Enterobacteriaceae. The blaNDM contamination of wild mice and the novel pM2-1-like plasmid described in this study likely adds to the risk for dissemination of blaNDM and associated resistance genes. Importance: The carbapenem-resistant bacteria, in particular NDM-producing Enterobacteriaceae, has become a great threat to global public. These bacteria have been found not only in hospital and community environments, but also among food animal production chains, which are recognized as reservoirs for NDM-producing Enterobacteriaceae. However, the dissemination of NDM-producing bacteria in the waterfowl farm has been less well explored. Our study demonstrated that horizontal spread of blaNDM-carrying plasmids and the partial clonal spread of blaNDM-positive Enterobacteriaceae contributed to widespread contamination of blaNDM in the goose farm ecosystem, including mouse. Furthermore, we found a novel and transferable blaNDM-1-carrying MDR plasmid that possessed multiple environmental adaptation-related genes. The outcomes of this study contribute to a better understanding of the prevalence and transmission of blaNDM-producing Enterobacteriaceae among diverse niches in the farm ecosystem.

scholarly journals Novel Antibiotic-Free Plasmid Selection System Based on Complementation of Host Auxotrophy in the NAD De Novo Synthesis Pathway

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 2295-2303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Ren Dong ◽  
Li-Xin Xiang ◽  
Jian-Zhong Shao
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Selection System ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Horizontal Spread ◽  
First Time ◽  
Rapid Emergence

ABSTRACT The use of antibiotic resistance genes in plasmids causes potential biosafety and clinical hazards, such as the possibility of horizontal spread of resistance genes or the rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. This paper introduces a novel auxotrophy complementation system that allowed plasmids and host cells to be effectively selected and maintained without the use of antibiotics. An Escherichia coli strain carrying a defect in NAD de novo biosynthesis was constructed by knocking out the chromosomal quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase (QAPRTase) gene. The resistance gene in the plasmids was replaced by the QAPRTase gene of E. coli or the mouse. As a result, only expression of the QAPRTase gene from plasmids can complement and rescue E. coli host cells in minimal medium. This is the first time that a vertebrate gene has been used to construct a nonantibiotic selection system, and it can be widely applied in DNA vaccine and gene therapy. As the QAPRTase gene is ubiquitous in species ranging from bacteria to mammals, the potential environmental biosafety problems caused by horizontal gene transfer can be eliminated.

scholarly journals Is exposure to mercury a driving force for the carriage of antibiotic resistance genes?

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 804-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Skurnik ◽  
Raymond Ruimy ◽  
Derren Ready ◽  
Etienne Ruppe ◽  
Claire Bernède-Bauduin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Mercury Exposure ◽  
Mercury Resistance ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
E Coli

The mercury resistance gene merA has often been found together with antibiotic resistance genes in human commensal Escherichia coli. To study this further, we analysed mercury resistance in collections of strains from various populations with different levels of mercury exposure and various levels of antibiotic resistance. The first population lived in France and had no known mercury exposure. The second lived in French Guyana and included a group of Wayampi Amerindians with a known high exposure to mercury. Carriage rates of mercury resistance were assessed by measuring the MIC and by detecting the merA gene. Mercury-resistant E. coli was found significantly more frequently in the populations that had the highest carriage rates of antibiotic-resistant E. coli and in parallel antibiotic resistance was higher in the population living in an environment with a high exposure to mercury, suggesting a possible co-selection. Exposure to mercury might be a specific driving force for the acquisition and maintenance of mobile antibiotic resistance gene carriage in the absence of antibiotic selective pressure.

scholarly journals Investigation of urban birds as source of β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria in Marseille city, France

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgarthe Priscilla Ngaiganam ◽  
Isabelle Pagnier ◽  
Wafaa Chaalal ◽  
Thongpan Leangapichart ◽  
Selma Chabou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Urban Birds ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Stool Samples

Abstract Background We investigate here the presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from stool samples of yellow-legged gulls and chickens (n = 136) in urban parks and beaches of Marseille, France. Bacterial isolation was performed on selective media, including MacConkey agar with ceftriaxone and LBJMR medium. Antibiotic resistance genes, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) (i.e. blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaSHV), carbapenemases (blaKPC, blaVIM, blaNDM, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-24, blaOXA-48 and blaOXA-58) and colistin resistance genes (mcr-1 to mcr-5) were screened by real-time PCR and standard PCR and sequenced when found. Results Of the 136 stools samples collected, seven ESBL-producing Gram-negative bacteria (BGN) and 12 colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were isolated. Among them, five ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and eight colistin-resistant Hafnia alvei strains were identified. Four blaTEM-1 genes were detected in yellow-legged gulls and chickens. Three CTX-M-15 genes were detected in yellow-legged gulls and pigeons, and one CTX-M-1 in a yellow-legged gull. No mcr-1 to mcr-5 gene were detected in colistin-resistant isolates. Genotyping of E. coli strains revealed four different sequence types already described in humans and animals and one new sequence type. Conclusions Urban birds, which are believed to have no contact with antibiotics appear as potential source of ESBL genes. Our findings highlight the important role of urban birds in the proliferation of multidrug-resistant bacteria and also the possible zoonotic transmission of such bacteria from wild birds to humans.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Shiga toxin-producing E. coli Isolated from Different Sources

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Momna Rubab ◽  
Deog-Hwan Oh
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Foodborne Illnesses ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an enteric pathogen associated with human gastroenteritis outbreaks. Extensive use of antibiotics in agriculture selects resistant bacteria that may enter the food chain and potentially causes foodborne illnesses in humans that are less likely to respond to treatment with conventional antibiotics. Due to the importance of antibiotic resistance, this study aimed to investigate the combination of phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance in STEC isolates belonging to serogroups O26, O45, O103, O104, O111, O121, O145, and O157 using disc diffusion and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. All strains were phenotypically resistant to at least one antibiotic, with 100% resistance to erythromycin, followed by gentamicin (98%), streptomycin (82%), kanamycin (76%), and ampicillin (72%). The distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the STEC strains was ampC (47%), aadA1 (70%), ere(A) (88%), blaSHV (19%), blaCMY (27%), aac(3)-I (90%), and tet(A) (35%), respectively. The results suggest that most of the strains were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and the most often observed resistant pattern was of aadA1, ere(A), and aac(3)-I genes. These findings indicate the significance of monitoring the prevalence of MDR in both animals and humans around the globe. Hence, with a better understanding of antibiotic genotypes and phenotypes among the diverse STEC strains obtained, this study could guide the administration of antimicrobial drugs in STEC infections when necessary.

Comparative Prevalence and Provenance of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Tropical Rivers of Sri Lanka and India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Kumar ◽  
Tushara Chaminda ◽  
Sulfikar Hanafi ◽  
Arbind Patel ◽  
Payal Mazumder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Brahmaputra River ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Kelani River

<p><strong>Abstract: </strong></p><p>Prevalence and provenance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) and metal concentrations were compared in river Kelani of Sri Lanka and Sabarmati and Brahmaputra of India. The prevalence of E. coli was 10-27, 267-76,600 and <50 CFU ml<sup>-1</sup> in aforementioned rivers, respectively. Isolated E. coli colonies were subjected to resistance test with norfloxacin (NFX), ciprofloxacin (CIP), levofloxacin (LVX), kanamycin monosulphate (KM), tetracycline (TC), and sulfamethoxazole (ST). The isolates were predominantly multi-antibiotic resistant, with greater resistance to TC and ST. Brahmaputra River showed greater resistance to all tested antibiotics. Sabarmati River showed higher resistance to TC and ST than Kelani. Genes conferring resistance to tetracyclines, sulphonamides, b-lactams and fluoroquinolones were common. ARG, gyrA, tetW, sul1 and ampC were detected in Kelani River, additionally, aac-(6’)-1b-cr, and blaTEM were detected in Brahmaputra River. In both countries, less polluted segments exhibited more copies of ARG. Faecal contamination was decoupled from percentage antibiotic resistance and metal contamination, suggesting to separate of hospital waste from domestic waste with specific guidelines.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Antibiotic Resistance; Brahmaputra; E. coli; Kelani River; Sabarmati, Gene</p>

scholarly journals Virulence Properties of mcr-1-Positive Escherichia coli Isolated from Retail Poultry Meat

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Michaela Kubelová ◽  
Ivana Koláčková ◽  
Tereza Gelbíčová ◽  
Martina Florianová ◽  
Alžběta Kalová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Mlst Type ◽  
On Line ◽  
Sequence Types

The great plasticity and diversity of the Escherichia coli genome, together with the ubiquitous occurrence, make E. coli a bacterium of world-wide concern. Of particular interest are pathogenic strains and strains harboring antimicrobial resistance genes. Overlapping virulence-associated traits between avian-source E. coli and human extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) suggest zoonotic potential and safety threat of poultry food products. We analyzed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data of 46 mcr-1-positive E. coli strains isolated from retail raw meat purchased in the Czech Republic. The investigated strains were characterized by their phylogroup—B1 (43%), A (30%), D (11%), E (7%), F (4%), B2 (2%), C (2%), MLST type, and serotype. A total of 30 multilocus sequence types (STs), of which ST744 was the most common (11%), were identified, with O8 and O89 as the most prevalent serogroups. Using the VirulenceFinder tool, 3 to 26 virulence genes were detected in the examined strains and a total of 7 (15%) strains met the pathogenic criteria for ExPEC. Four strains were defined as UPEC (9%) and 18 (39%) E. coli strains could be classified as APEC. The WGS methods and available on-line tools for their evaluation enable a comprehensive approach to the diagnosis of virulent properties of E. coli strains and represent a suitable and comfortable platform for their detection. Our results show that poultry meat may serve as an important reservoir of strains carrying both virulence and antibiotic resistance genes for animal and human populations.

scholarly journals In vitro activity of antimicrobial peptide CDP-B11 alone and in combination with colistin against colistin-resistant and multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin S. Witherell ◽  
Jason Price ◽  
Ashok D. Bandaranayake ◽  
James Olson ◽  
Douglas R. Call
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Minimal Media

AbstractMultidrug-resistant bacteria are a growing global concern, and with increasingly prevalent resistance to last line antibiotics such as colistin, it is imperative that alternative treatment options are identified. Herein we investigated the mechanism of action of a novel antimicrobial peptide (CDP-B11) and its effectiveness against multidrug-resistant bacteria including Escherichia coli #0346, which harbors multiple antibiotic-resistance genes, including mobilized colistin resistance gene (mcr-1). Bacterial membrane potential and membrane integrity assays, measured by flow cytometry, were used to test membrane disruption. Bacterial growth inhibition assays and time to kill assays measured the effectiveness of CDP-B11 alone and in combination with colistin against E. coli #0346 and other bacteria. Hemolysis assays were used to quantify the hemolytic effects of CDP-B11 alone and in combination with colistin. Findings show CDP-B11 disrupts the outer membrane of E. coli #0346. CDP-B11 with colistin inhibits the growth of E. coli #0346 at ≥ 10× lower colistin concentrations compared to colistin alone in Mueller–Hinton media and M9 media. Growth is significantly inhibited in other clinically relevant strains, such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In rich media and minimal media, the drug combination kills bacteria at a lower colistin concentration (1.25 μg/mL) compared to colistin alone (2.5 μg/mL). In minimal media, the combination is bactericidal with killing accelerated by up to 2 h compared to colistin alone. Importantly, no significant red blood hemolysis is evident for CDP-B11 alone or in combination with colistin. The characteristics of CDP-B11 presented here indicate that it can be used as a potential monotherapy or as combination therapy with colistin for the treatment of multidrug-resistant infections, including colistin-resistant infections.

scholarly journals Environmental Spread of New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-1-Producing Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Dhaka, Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Aminul Islam ◽  
Moydul Islam ◽  
Rashedul Hasan ◽  
M. Iqbal Hossain ◽  
Ashikun Nabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wastewater Samples

ABSTRACT Resistance to carbapenem antibiotics through the production of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) constitutes an emerging challenge in the treatment of bacterial infections. To monitor the possible source of the spread of these organisms in Dhaka, Bangladesh, we conducted a comparative analysis of wastewater samples from hospital-adjacent areas (HAR) and from community areas (COM), as well as public tap water samples, for the occurrence and characteristics of NDM-1-producing bacteria. Of 72 HAR samples tested, 51 (71%) samples were positive for NDM-1-producing bacteria, as evidenced by phenotypic tests and the presence of the bla NDM-1 gene, compared to 5 of 41 (12.1%) samples from COM samples (P < 0.001). All tap water samples were negative for NDM-1-producing bacteria. Klebsiella pneumoniae (44%) was the predominant bacterial species among bla NDM-1-positive isolates, followed by Escherichia coli (29%), Acinetobacter spp. (15%), and Enterobacter spp. (9%). These bacteria were also positive for one or more other antibiotic resistance genes, including bla CTX-M-1 (80%), bla CTX-M-15 (63%), bla TEM (76%), bla SHV (33%), bla CMY-2 (16%), bla OXA-48-like (2%), bla OXA-1 (53%), and bla OXA-47-like (60%) genes. Around 40% of the isolates contained a qnr gene, while 50% had 16S rRNA methylase genes. The majority of isolates hosted multiple plasmids, and plasmids of 30 to 50 MDa carrying bla NDM-1 were self-transmissible. Our results highlight a number of issues related to the characteristics and source of spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria as a potential public health threat. In view of the existing practice of discharging untreated liquid waste into the environment, hospitals in Dhaka city contribute to the potential dissemination of NDM-1-producing bacteria into the community. IMPORTANCE Infections caused by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae are extremely difficult to manage due to their marked resistance to a wide range of antibiotics. NDM-1 is the most recently described carbapenemase, and the bla NDM-1 gene, which encodes NDM-1, is located on self-transmissible plasmids that also carry a considerable number of other antibiotic resistance genes. The present study shows a high prevalence of NDM-1-producing organisms in the wastewater samples from hospital-adjacent areas as a potential source for the spread of these organisms to community areas in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study also examines the characteristics of the isolates and their potential to horizontally transmit the resistance determinants. The significance of our research is in identifying the mode of spread of multiple-antibiotic-resistant organisms, which will allow the development of containment measures, leading to broader impacts in reducing their spread to the community.

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