scholarly journals Decontamination Options for Bacillus anthracis-Contaminated Drinking Water Determined from Spore Surrogate Studies

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (19) ◽  
pp. 6631-6638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Raber ◽  
Alison Burklund
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Oxidation Potential ◽  
Spore Concentration ◽  
Reported Study ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT Five parameters were evaluated with surrogates of Bacillus anthracis spores to determine effective decontamination alternatives for use in a contaminated drinking water supply. The parameters were as follows: (i) type of Bacillus spore surrogate (B. thuringiensis or B. atrophaeus), (ii) spore concentration in suspension (102 and 106 spores/ml), (iii) chemical characteristics of the decontaminant (sodium dichloro-S-triazinetrione dihydrate [Dichlor], hydrogen peroxide, potassium peroxymonosulfate [Oxone], sodium hypochlorite, and VirkonS), (iv) decontaminant concentration (0.01% to 5%), and (v) exposure time to decontaminant (10 min to 1 h). Results from 138 suspension tests with appropriate controls are reported. Hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 5% and Dichlor or sodium hypochlorite at a concentration of 2% were highly effective at spore inactivation regardless of spore type tested, spore exposure time, or spore concentration evaluated. This is the first reported study of Dichlor as an effective decontaminant for B. anthracis spore surrogates. Dichlor's desirable characteristics of high oxidation potential, high level of free chlorine, and a more neutral pH than that of other oxidizers evaluated appear to make it an excellent alternative. All three oxidizers were effective against B. atrophaeus spores in meeting the EPA biocide standard of greater than a 6-log kill after a 10-min exposure time and at lower concentrations than typically reported for biocide use. Solutions of 5% VirkonS and Oxone were less effective as decontaminants than other options evaluated in this study and did not meet the EPA's efficacy standard for a biocide, although they were found to be as effective for concentrations of 102 spores/ml. Differences in methods and procedures reported by other investigators make quantitative comparisons among studies difficult.

Bacillus anthracis Spore Decontamination in Food Grease

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
KINGSLEY K. AMOAKO ◽  
KRISTINA SANTIAGO-MATEO ◽  
MICHAEL J. SHIELDS ◽  
ELIZABETH ROHONCZY
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Surface Decontamination

Bacillus anthracis Sterne strain spores were analyzed for their resistance against five disinfectants: commercial sodium hypochlorite, Spor-Klenz Ready-to-Use Cold Sterilant, Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide (AHP), Virkon, and Surface Decontamination Foam (SDF). The aim of this study was to find an effective disinfectant that would reduce the viability of B. anthracis Sterne spores at ≥6 log in the presence of variables such as animal grease and fat, stainless steel, and temperature (room temperature and 4°C). SDF and 10%sodium hypochlorite consistently reduced the growth of viable B. anthracis Sterne spores after 5 min in the presence of stainless steel at room temperature. It took at least 10 min of contact time for AHP to consistently reduce spore growth by ≥6 log, while it took at least 20 min for 5% bleach and Spor-Klenz to consistently inactivate ≥6 log spores in the presence of stainless steel at room temperature. AHP was the only disinfectant that reduced the viability of B. anthracis Sterne spores at ≥6 log in the presence of stainless steel and animal grease, both at room temperature and 4°C after 24 h of contact time.

The disinfection efficacy of chlorine and chlorine dioxide as disinfectants of Bacillus globigii, a surrogate for Bacillus anthracis, in water networks: A comparative studyA paper submitted to the Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science.

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 732-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Hosni ◽  
William T. Shane ◽  
Jeffery G. Szabo ◽  
Paul L. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Environmental Engineering ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Anthrax Spores

Intentional contamination of drinking water with anthrax spores is a concern to water utilities. The spores may become embedded in the distribution pipe corrosion and biofilm, where they will be protected from residual disinfectants. This paper compares the disinfection effectiveness of chlorine and chlorine dioxide on Bacillus globigii , a surrogate for B. anthracis . Batch experiments were performed using both disinfectants. Data was analyzed using the delayed Chick-Watson model to determine the corresponding CTlag (CT = concentration × time) values and Watson plots, which indicate the dominant factors affecting disinfection kinetics. Chlorine dioxide had CTlag values almost one tenth of those observed for chlorine. However, Watson plots showed that exposure time and disinfectant concentrations have equal weights on the inactivation rate of both disinfectants.

A Regional Comparative Study on Arsenic Contaminated Drinking Water in Bangladesh

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-777
Author(s):  
Sho SHIBATA ◽  
Yoshimi HAGIHARA ◽  
Kiyoko HAGIHARA ◽  
Akira SAKAI
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water

Effect of Turmeric and Ginger on Lipid Profile in Male Rats Exposed to Oxidative Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman A. Al-Rekabi ◽  
Dheyaa K. Alomer ◽  
Rana Talib Al-Muswie ◽  
Khalid G. Al-Fartosi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of turmeric and ginger on lipid profile of male rats exposed to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide H2O2 at a concentration of 1% given with consumed drinking water to male rats. Methods: 200 mg/kg from turmeric and ginger were used, and the animals were treatment for 30 days. Results: the results showed a significant increase in cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), whereas it explained a significant decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL) of male rats exposed to oxidative stress when compared with control group. the results showed a significant decrease in cholesterol, triglycerides, (LDL), (VLDL), whereas it explained a significant increase in (HDL) of rats treated with turmeric and ginger at dose 200 mg/kg when compared with male rats exposed to oxidative stress.

MOFs for the treatment of arsenic, fluoride and iron contaminated drinking water: A review

Chemosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 126388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dibyajyoti Haldar ◽  
Prangan Duarah ◽  
Mihir Kumar Purkait
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water

scholarly journals Effect of hydrogen peroxide on natural phytoplankton and bacterioplankton in a drinking water reservoir: Mesocosm-scale study

2021 ◽  
pp. 117069
Author(s):  
Allan A. Santos ◽  
Dayvson O. Guedes ◽  
Mário U.G. Barros ◽  
Samylla Oliveira ◽  
Ana B.F. Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Drinking Water Reservoir ◽  
Natural Phytoplankton

scholarly journals Sodium Hypochlorite Treatment: The Impact on Bacteria and Endotoxin Concentrations in Drinking Water Pipes of A Pig Nursery

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Regina Böger ◽  
Karl Rohn ◽  
Nicole Kemper ◽  
Jochen Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Water Pipes ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Untreated Water ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Bacteria

Poor drinking water quality can affect pigs’ health and performance. The disinfection of water may enhance microbial water quality. In this study, bacteria and endotoxins in sodium hypochlorite-treated and -untreated water from one pig nursery were analyzed. Water samples were taken from incoming water and from compartments with treated and untreated water at the beginning and end of pipes and from nipples. The farm was visited 14 times to measure total bacteria counts and concentrations of Pseudomonas spp. and endotoxins. Additionally, the occurrence of coliform bacteria was analyzed. A mixed model analysis revealed significant reductions in total bacteria counts and Pseudomonas spp. in treated water at the beginning of pipes and at nipple drinkers. The differences between bacteria concentrations at the end of pipes had no clear trend. Endotoxin concentrations were approximately equal at the beginning of pipes and at nipple drinkers but were found to have differences at the end of pipes. The occurrence of coliform bacteria was significantly reduced in treated water. The application of sodium hypochlorite can significantly reduce bacteria in water pipes. Endotoxin concentrations were mostly unaffected by water treatment. Disinfection of the dead-end pipe sections failed, and thus these parts should be regarded as potential contamination sources.

scholarly journals Sanitation of fresh green asparagus and green onions inoculated with Salmonella

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 454-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Martínez-Téllez ◽  
F.J. Rodríguez-Leyva ◽  
I.E. Espinoza-Medina ◽  
I. Vargas-Arispuro ◽  
A.A. Gardea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Effective Agent ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Postharvest Handling ◽  
Green Asparagus

The absence of good agricultural and manufacturing practices in the production and postharvest handling of fresh produce, such as green asparagus or green onions increase the contamination risk by biological hazards like Salmonella. The objective of this work was to investigate the efficacy of chlorine (200 and 250 ppm), hydrogen peroxide (1.5% and 2%), and lactic acid (1.5% and 2%) sanitisers during different exposure times (40, 60, and 90 s) on the reduction of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> subspecie <i>enterica</i> serovar Typhimurium in inoculated fresh green asparagus and green onions. Washing with clean water only reduced < 1 log10 CFU/g in both vegetables. The most effective sanitiser evaluated for fresh green asparagus and green onions disinfection appeared to be 2% lactic acid reducing <i>Salmonella</i> growth close to 3 log<sub>10</sub> CFU/g. Hydrogen peroxide was the least effective agent for <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium reduction. No effect was observed of the exposure time of inoculated product to sanitiser up to 90 seconds. These results confirm that lactic acid could be used as an alternative for fresh green asparagus and green onions sanitation.

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