scholarly journals Effect of Leaf Surface Chemical Properties on Efficacy of Sanitizer for Rotavirus Inactivation

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (20) ◽  
pp. 6214-6222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miyu Fuzawa ◽  
Kang-Mo Ku ◽  
Sindy Paola Palma-Salgado ◽  
Kenya Nagasaka ◽  
Hao Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Leaf Wax ◽  
Wax Content ◽  
Porcine Rotavirus

ABSTRACTThe use of sanitizers is essential for produce safety. However, little is known about how sanitizer efficacy varies with respect to the chemical surface properties of produce. To answer this question, the disinfection efficacies of an oxidant-based sanitizer and a new surfactant-based sanitizer for porcine rotavirus (PRV) strain OSU were examined. PRV was attached to the leaf surfaces of two kale cultivars with high epicuticular wax contents and one cultivar of endive with a low epicuticular wax content and then treated with each sanitizer. The efficacy of the oxidant-based sanitizer correlated with leaf wax content as evidenced by the 1-log10PRV disinfection on endive surfaces (low wax content) and 3-log10disinfection of the cultivars with higher wax contents. In contrast, the surfactant-based sanitizer showed similar PRV disinfection efficacies (up to 3 log10) that were independent of leaf wax content. A statistical difference was observed with the disinfection efficacies of the oxidant-based sanitizer for suspended and attached PRV, while the surfactant-based sanitizer showed similar PRV disinfection efficacies. Significant reductions in the entry and replication of PRV were observed after treatment with either disinfectant. Moreover, the oxidant-based-sanitizer-treated PRV showed sialic acid-specific binding to the host cells, whereas the surfactant-based sanitizer increased the nonspecific binding of PRV to the host cells. These findings suggest that the surface properties of fresh produce may affect the efficacy of virus disinfection, implying that food sanitizers should be carefully selected for the different surface characteristics of fresh produce.IMPORTANCEFood sanitizer efficacies are affected by the surface properties of vegetables. This study evaluated the disinfection efficacies of two food sanitizers, an oxidant-based sanitizer and a surfactant-based sanitizer, on porcine rotavirus strain OSU adhering to the leaf epicuticular surfaces of high- and low-wax-content cultivars. The disinfection efficacy of the oxidant-based sanitizer was affected by the surface properties of the vegetables, while the surfactant-based sanitizer was effective for both high- and low-wax leafy vegetable cultivars. This study suggests that the surface properties of vegetables may be an important factor that interacts with disinfection with food sanitizers of rotaviruses adhering to fresh produce.

Effect of Rainfall Exposure on Leaf Wettability in Near-Isogenic Barley Lines with Different Leaf Wax Content.

1998 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigemi TANAKAMARU ◽  
Toshihiko TAKEHANA ◽  
Kazuyoshi KIMURA
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Wax ◽  
Wax Content ◽  
Leaf Wettability

scholarly journals Changes in surface characteristics and adsorption properties of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol following Fenton-like aging of biochar

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqiang Cui ◽  
Qinya Fan ◽  
Jianxiong Sun ◽  
Guixiang Quan ◽  
Jinlong Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Physico Chemical

AbstractFenton-like system formed in a natural soil environment deemed to be significant in the aging process of biochar. Aged biochars have distinct physico-chemical and surface properties compared to non-aged biochar. The aged biochar proved to be useful soil amendment due to its improved elements contents and surface properties. The biochar aging process resulted in increased surface area and pore volume, as well as carbon and oxygen-containing functional groups (such as C=O, –COOH, O–C=O etc.) on its surface, which were also associated with the adsorption behavior of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP). The biochar aging increased the adsorption capacity of 2,4,6-TCP, which was maximum at pH 3.0. The 2,4,6-TCP adsorption capacity of aged-bush biochar (ABB) and aged-peanut shell biochar (APB) was increased by 1.0–11.0% and 7.4–38.8%, respectively compared with bush biochar (BB) and peanut shell biochar (PB) at the same initial concentration of 2,4,6-TCP. All biochars had similar 2,4,6-TCP desorption rates ranging from 33.2 to 73.3% at different sorption temperatures and times. The desorbed components were mainly 2,4,6-TCP and other degraded components, which were low in concentration with small molecule substance. The results indicated that the aged-biochar could be effective for the long-term remediation of naturally organic polluted soils.

scholarly journals Titanium oral implants: surface characteristics, interface biology and clinical outcome

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (suppl_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Palmquist ◽  
Omar M. Omar ◽  
Marco Esposito ◽  
Jukka Lausmaa ◽  
Peter Thomsen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Oral Implants

Bone-anchored titanium implants have revolutionized oral healthcare. Surface properties of oral titanium implants play decisive roles for molecular interactions, cellular response and bone regeneration. Nevertheless, the role of specific surface properties, such as chemical and phase composition and nanoscale features, for the biological in vivo performance remains to be established. Partly, this is due to limited transfer of state-of-the-art preparation techniques to complex three-dimensional geometries, analytical tools and access to minute, intact interfacial layers. As judged by the available results of a few randomized clinical trials, there is no evidence that any particular type of oral implant has superior long-term success. Important insights into the recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells, cell–cell communication at the interface and high-resolution imaging of the interface between the surface oxide and the biological host are prerequisites for the understanding of the mechanisms of osseointegration. Strategies for development of the next generation of material surface modifications for compromised tissue are likely to include time and functionally programmed properties, pharmacological modulation and incorporation of cellular components.

scholarly journals BCG Substrains Change Their Outermost Surface as a Function of Growth Media

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Sandra Guallar-Garrido ◽  
Farners Almiñana-Rapún ◽  
Víctor Campo-Pérez ◽  
Eduard Torrents ◽  
Marina Luquin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Outermost Surface ◽  
Red Dye

Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) efficacy as an immunotherapy tool can be influenced by the genetic background or immune status of the treated population and by the BCG substrain used. BCG comprises several substrains with genetic differences that elicit diverse phenotypic characteristics. Moreover, modifications of phenotypic characteristics can be influenced by culture conditions. However, several culture media formulations are used worldwide to produce BCG. To elucidate the influence of growth conditions on BCG characteristics, five different substrains were grown on two culture media, and the lipidic profile and physico-chemical properties were evaluated. Our results show that each BCG substrain displays a variety of lipidic profiles on the outermost surface depending on the growth conditions. These modifications lead to a breadth of hydrophobicity patterns and a different ability to reduce neutral red dye within the same BCG substrain, suggesting the influence of BCG growth conditions on the interaction between BCG cells and host cells.

Flexural Properties and Polished Surface Characteristics of a Structural Colored Resin Composite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Mizutani ◽  
R Ishii ◽  
T Takamizawa ◽  
S Shibasaki ◽  
H Kurokawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Polished Surface ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Resin Composites ◽  
Diamond Bur ◽  
Flexible Disk

SUMMARY Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the flexural properties and surface characteristics of a structural colored resin composite after different finishing and polishing methods, in comparison to those of conventional resin composites. Methods and Materials: A structural color resin composite, Omnichroma (OM, Tokuyama Corp, Chiyoda City, Tokyo, Japan), and two comparison resin composites, Filtek Supreme Ultra (FS, 3M, St Paul, MN, USA) and Tetric EvoCeram (TE, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), were used. The flexural properties of the resin composites were determined in accordance with the ISO 4049 specifications. For surface properties, 70 polymerized specimens of each resin composite were prepared and divided into seven groups of 10. Surface roughness (Sa), gloss (GU), and surface free energy (SFE) were investigated after the following finishing and polishing methods. Three groups of specimens were finished with a superfine-grit diamond bur (SFD), and three with a tungsten carbide bur (TCB). After finishing, one of the two remaining groups was polished with a one-step silicone point (CMP), and the other with an aluminum oxide flexible disk (SSD). A group ground with SiC 320-grit was set as a baseline. Results: The average flexural strength ranged from 116.6 to 142.3 MPa in the following order with significant differences between each value: FS > TE > OM. The average E ranged from 6.8 to 13.2 GPa in the following order with significant differences between each value: FS > TE > OM. The average R ranged from 0.77 to 1.01 MJ/mm3 in the following order: OM > FS > TE. The Sa values of the OM groups polished with CMP and SSD were found to be significantly lower than those of the other resin composites, regardless of the finishing method. The GU values appeared to be dependent on the material and the finishing method used. The OM specimens polished with SSD showed significantly higher GU values than those polished with CMP. Most of the resin composites polished with SSD demonstrated significantly higher γS values compared to the other groups. Extremely strong negative correlations between Sa and GU in the combined data from the three resin composites and each resin composite and between Sa and γS in the OM specimens were observed; GU showed a strong positive correlation with γS in the same material. Conclusion: These findings indicate that both flexural and surface properties are material dependent. Furthermore, the different finishing and polishing methods used in this study were observed to affect the Sa, GU, and SFE of the resin composites.

scholarly journals Surface properties and color stability of an acrylic resin combined with an antimicrobial polymer

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Pero ◽  
Jaqueline Ignárcio ◽  
Gabriela Giro ◽  
Danny Omar Mendoza-Marin ◽  
André Gustavo Paleari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Color Data ◽  
Student’S T

INTRODUCTION: The occurrence of stomatitis is common since the surface characteristics of the dentures may act as reservoirs for microorganisms and have the potential to support biofilm formation. PURPOSE: To assess the surface properties (wettability/roughness) and color stability of an acrylic resin combined with the antimicrobial polymer poly (2-tert-butylaminoethyl) methacrylate (PTBAEMA). MATERIAL AND METHOD: Thirty disc-shaped specimens of an acrylic resin (Lucitone 550) were divided into three groups: 0% (control); 5% and 10% PTBAEMA. Surface roughness values (Ra) were measured using a profilometer and wettability was determined through contact angle measurements using a goniometer and deionized water as a test liquid. Color data were measured with a spectrophotometer. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's test were used to compare roughness values. Wettability data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test. Color data were compared using the Student's t-test and ∆E values were classified according to the National Bureau of Standards (NBS). All statistical analyses were performed considering α=.05. RESULT: Significant differences (p<.05) were detected among the groups for roughness, wettability and color stability. According to the NBS, the color changes obtained in the 5% and 10% PTBAEMA groups were "appreciable" and "much appreciable", respectively. CONCLUSION: It could be concluded that PTBAEMA incorporation in an acrylic resin increased the roughness and wettability of surfaces and produced color changes with clinical relevance.

scholarly journals Comparative Nanofabrication of PLGA-Chitosan-PEG Systems Employing Microfluidics and Emulsification Solvent Evaporation Techniques

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1882
Author(s):  
Divesha Essa ◽  
Yahya E. Choonara ◽  
Pierre P. D. Kondiah ◽  
Viness Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Surface Charge ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Solvent Evaporation ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Particle Properties ◽  
Superior Surface ◽  
Poorly Soluble ◽  
Emulsification Solvent Evaporation

Poor circulation stability and inadequate cell membrane penetration are significant impediments in the implementation of nanocarriers as delivery systems for therapeutic agents with low bioavailability. This research discusses the fabrication of a biocompatible poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) based nanocarrier with cationic and hydrophilic surface properties provided by natural polymer chitosan and coating polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG) for the entrapment of the hydrophobic drug disulfiram. The traditional emulsification solvent evaporation method was compared to a microfluidics-based method of fabrication, with the optimisation of the parameters for each method, and the PEGylation densities on the experimental nanoparticle formulations were varied. The size and surface properties of the intermediates and products were characterised and compared by dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, while the thermal properties were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Results showed optimal particle properties with an intermediate PEG density and a positive surface charge for greater biocompatibility, with nanoparticle surface characteristics shielding physical interaction of the entrapped drug with the exterior. The formulations prepared using the microfluidic method displayed superior surface charge, entrapment and drug release properties. The final system shows potential as a component of a biocompatible nanocarrier for poorly soluble drugs.

Effects of Intercalated Mono-, Di- and Triethanolammonium Cations on the Structural and Surface Characteristics of Sodium Form of Bentonite

2014 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 98-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali E.I. Elkhalifah ◽  
Mohammad Azmi Bustam ◽  
Azmi Mohd Shariff ◽  
Sami Ullah ◽  
Biruh Shimekit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Interlayer Space ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Tertiary Amines ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sodium Form

The present study investigates the effects of intercalation process of protonated primary, secondary and tertiary amines on structural and surface characteristics of sodium form of bentonite clay. For this purpose, sodium form of bentonite clay was prepared and then exchanged with mono-, di-and triethanolammonium cations via intercalation mechanism into the interlayer space of the clay. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD and BET techniques. An increase in the d-spacing of bentonite clay with the molar mass of amines was observed in their x-ray diffractograms, following the order of: triethanolamine > diethanolamine > monoethanolamine. The BET results showed a gradual decrease in the BET surface area with the increase in the molar mass of amines used. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the molar mass of amines has significant effects on structural and surface properties of bentonite clay.

Challenges in Cosmetic Formulations: Appearance, Long Wear, and Comfort

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 787-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prithwiraj Maitra ◽  
John Brahms
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Eccrine Glands ◽  
Cosmetic Formulations ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One

AbstractCosmetics are products that are designed to maintain or improve visual appearance when applied to skin. Skin is a mechanically flexible substrate that changes in chemical and surface properties during the course of the day. Sebum (an oily substance secreted by the sebaceous glands) and perspiration (a secretion of mostly salt water by the eccrine glands) as well as environmental insults work counter to the desired benefits of cosmetics on physical appearance. Recent advances in the ability to control morphology and chemical properties have led to novel materials that in turn have enabled the development of cosmetics that provide, on the one hand, a more natural look, and on the other, unique and unprecedented visual effects. Progress in understanding skin biomechanics and surface properties lead to product formulations with unprecedented wear and performance characteristics. This article reviews recent advances in the ability to control the optical, bulk, and surface properties of materials, and their application to improved cosmetic formulations.

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