scholarly journals Critical Assessment of Glyco- and Phospholipid Separation by Using Silica Chromatography

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 360-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra M. Heinzelmann ◽  
Nicole J. Bale ◽  
Ellen C. Hopmans ◽  
Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté ◽  
Stefan Schouten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Silica Column ◽  
Betaine Lipids ◽  
Intact Polar Lipids ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTPhospholipid-derived fatty acids (PLFAs) are commonly used to characterize microbial communitiesin situand the phylogenetic positions of newly isolated microorganisms. PLFAs are obtained through separation of phospholipids from glycolipids and neutral lipids using silica column chromatography. We evaluated the performance of this separation method for the first time using direct detection of intact polar lipids (IPLs) with high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). We show that under either standard or modified conditions, the phospholipid fraction contains not only phospholipids but also other lipid classes such as glycolipids, betaine lipids, and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols. Thus, commonly reported PLFA compositions likely are not derived purely from phospholipids and perhaps may not be representative of fatty acids present in living microbes.

scholarly journals LIPIDS, FATTY ACIDS AND PIGMENTS OF LEAVES DICTAMNUS CAUCASICUS FISCH. EX GROSSH. (RU-TACEAE)

2020 ◽  
pp. 233-238
Author(s):  
Elena Sergeyevna Bogdanova ◽  
Viktor Nikolayevich Nesterov ◽  
Stepan Aleksandrovich Senator ◽  
Vladimir Mikhaylovich Vasjukov ◽  
Ol'ga Anatol'yevna Rozentsvet
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Molybdenum Blue ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Anthrone Reagent ◽  
First Time

Plants of the genus Dictamnus are a source of chemical compounds with different biological activity – alkaloids, bitterness, furocoumarins, saponins, essential oils. In the present work, the qualitative and quantitative composition of components lipids, fatty acids, and pigments isolated from the leaves of Dictamnus caucasicus Fisch. ex Grossh. – is presented for the first time, also of interest for medicine and pharmacology. Plants were selected in the Samara region, on the territory of which D. caucasicus is currently under threat of extinction. Plant extracts were analyzed by high performance thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography. Identification of polar lipids was carried out using specific reagents – anthrone reagent, molybdenum blue, Dragendorff’s reagent, 0.2% ninhydrin solution. Neutral lipids were identified using an mixture of standards – triacylglycerol (TAG), oleic acid (FFA), cholesterol (ST), diacyglycerol (DAG). It was shown that the main group of lipids contains carbohydrate fragments – glycolipids as structural components. Among phospholipids, a high content of phosphatidylglycerol was found, and in neutral lipids – free and esterified forms of sterols. Polyunsaturated linolenic acid (C18: 3n3) dominates in the composition of fatty acids, and chlorophyll a dominates in the pigment pool.

Induction and Transcription Studies of the Dextransucrase Gene in Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-512F

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 5504-5509 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Quirasco ◽  
A. López-Munguía ◽  
M. Remaud-Simeon ◽  
P. Monsan ◽  
A. Farrés
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Leuconostoc Mesenteroides ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Promoter Sequence ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Start Codon ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Product Specificity ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Dextransucrase production by Leuconostoc mesenteroidesNRRL B-512F in media containing carbon sources other than sucrose is reported for the first time. Dextransucrases were analyzed by gel electrophoresis and by an in situ activity assay. Their polymers and acceptor reaction products were also compared by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and high-performance liquid chromatography techniques, respectively. From these analyses, it was found that, independently of the carbon source, L. mesenteroides NRRL B-512F produced dextransucrases of the same size and product specificity. The 5′ ends of dextransucrase mRNAs isolated from cells grown under different culture conditions were identical. Based on this evidence, we conclude that dextransucrases obtained from cells grown on the various carbon sources result from the transcription of the same gene. The control of expression occurs at this level. The low dextransucrase yields from cultures in d-glucose ord-fructose and the enhancement of dextransucrase gene transcription in the presence of sucrose suggest that an activating phenomenon may be involved in the expression mechanism. Dextransucrase mRNA has a size of approximately 4.8 kb, indicating that the gene is located in a monocistronic operon. The transcription start point was localized 34 bp upstream from the ATG start codon. The −10 and −35 sequences found, TATAAT and TTTACA, were highly homologous to the only glycosyltransferase promoter sequence reported for lactic acid bacteria.

DNA Detection Using SiC Nanowire Based Transistor

2016 ◽  
Vol 858 ◽  
pp. 1006-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwige Bano ◽  
Louis Fradetal ◽  
Valérie Stambouli ◽  
Giovanni Attolini
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Nanowires ◽  
Field Effect Transistor ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Nanoelectronic Devices ◽  
Chemical Inertness ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses ◽  
Effect Transistor ◽  
First Time

The fast and direct detection of small quantities of biomolecules improves early medical diagnosis of certain serious diseases as cancers and can be used to detect in situ the presence of pathogenic viruses or GMOs for food industry, protection environmental and bio-defense. Numerous research projects are conducted on nanoelectronic devices that can perform such detection with high sensitivity using nanostructures. Currently, these devices are made from Silicon nanowires [1]. For these applications, Silicon Carbide (SiC) material can advantageously replace Silicon as this semiconductor is now known to be biocompatible and to show a high chemical inertness [2]. Here, we present the electrical detection of DNA using a SiC Nanowire Field Effect Transistor (NWFET). The NWFETs are fabricated and then functionalized with DNA molecules. Between each step of the functionalization process, I-V characteristic measurements are performed. Comparative and simultaneous measurements are carried out on two SiC NWFETs: one is the sensor and the second one is used as a reference. Some interesting properties of the sensor are studied for the first time which opens the way to future developments of SiC nanowire based sensors.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF CURCUMINOIDS IN CURCUMA KARNATAKENSIS (WHITE TURMERIC) - AN ENDEMIC TAXON

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tejavathi Dh ◽  
Sujatha Bs ◽  
Kannan R
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Selected Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Metabolite Analysis ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
System A ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Endemic Taxon ◽  
First Time

  Objective: To estimate the contents of curcuminoids in two samples of Curcuma karnatakensis collected from different localities.Methods: Quantification of curcuminoids was estimated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/selected reaction monitoring (UHPLC-MS/SRM) method in two samples of C. karnatakensis for the first time. Fine powder of rhizomatous rootstocks of two plant samples collected from different habitats were served as Samples A and B. The MS used for the metabolite analysis is a Vantage TSQ triple stage quadrupole MS equipped with heated electrospray ionization. The MS is coupled with an Agilent 1290 infinity UHPLC system. A stock solution of curcuminoid standard was prepared by dissolving 5 mg of standard in 1 mL of methanol. Seven different concentrations of standard (0.15-10 ng on column) were injected for the UHPLC-MS/SRM analysis. Separations were performed using a C-18 column with a flow rate of 0.2 mL/minute.Results: Contents of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin were found to be varied in two samples and lowest than any other species of Curcuma studied. Variation in the contents may be due to their different habitats in which they are growing.Conclusion: The present attempt of analyzing the contents of curcuminoids in this endemic taxon for the first time will provide the basis for further pharmacological analysis to authenticate the efficacy of these active principles as the curcuminoids are known for varied pharmacological activities.

scholarly journals 13,16-Dimethyl Octacosanedioic Acid (iso-Diabolic Acid), a Common Membrane-Spanning Lipid of Acidobacteria Subdivisions 1 and 3

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 4147-4154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté ◽  
W. Irene C. Rijpstra ◽  
Ellen C. Hopmans ◽  
Johan W. H. Weijers ◽  
Bärbel U. Foesel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Alkyl Chains ◽  
Intact Polar Lipids ◽  
Membrane Spanning

ABSTRACTThe distribution of membrane lipids of 17 different strains representing 13 species of subdivisions 1 and 3 of the phylumAcidobacteria, a highly diverse phylum of theBacteria, were examined by hydrolysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS) and by high-performance liquid chromatography-MS of intact polar lipids. Upon both acid and base hydrolyses of total cell material, the uncommon membrane-spanning lipid 13,16-dimethyl octacosanedioic acid (iso-diabolic acid) was released in substantial amounts (22 to 43% of the total fatty acids) from all of the acidobacteria studied. This lipid has previously been encountered only in thermophilicThermoanaerobacterspecies but bears a structural resemblance to the alkyl chains of bacterial glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) that occur ubiquitously in peat and soil and are suspected to be produced by acidobacteria. As reported previously, most species also containediso-C15and C16:1ω7Cas major fatty acids but the presence ofiso-diabolic acid was unnoticed in previous studies, most probably because the complex lipid that contained this moiety was not extractable from the cells; it could only be released by hydrolysis. Direct analysis of intact polar lipids in the Bligh-Dyer extract of three acidobacterial strains, indeed, did not reveal any membrane-spanning lipids containingiso-diabolic acid. In 3 of the 17 strains, ether-boundiso-diabolic acid was detected after hydrolysis of the cells, including one branched GDGT containingiso-diabolic acid-derived alkyl chains. Since the GDGT distribution in soils is much more complex, branched GDGTs in soil likely also originate from other (acido)bacteria capable of biosynthesizing these components.

Lipids of adult brown shrimp, Crangon crangon: seasonal variations in fatty acids class composition

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 993-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Mika ◽  
Marek Gołębiowski ◽  
Edward Skorkowski ◽  
Piotr Stepnowski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Brown Shrimp ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Crangon Crangon ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
Lipid Mass

Sea food is very rich in lipids. The brown shrimp, Crangon crangon is a most popular and very valuable taxon in the White Sea, in the Mediterranean and in the Black Seas. The aim of this study was to determine the seasonal variations of lipids in C. crangon muscle tissue using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The lipids were separated into groups: neutral lipids (triacylglycerols, free fatty acids, sterols) and polar lipids (phospholipids), by high performance liquid chromatography with a laser light-scattering detector. Fatty acids were identified using the GC-MS technique. The mainly fatty acids were 16:0, 18:0 (saturated FAs), 16:1, 18:1 (monounsaturated FAs), 20:4 (ARA), 20:5 (EPA) and 22:6 (DHA). The largest amounts of fatty acids in the muscle were observed in spring; these were the result of collecting food after winter and before reproduction. The muscle lipid content was 32.2 ± 1.8 mg g−1. The summer was the poorest season and the lipid value was 7.7 ±0.4 mg g−1. The levels of muscle neutral lipids (NL) oscillated between 80% (autumn) and 90% (spring). The temperature and salinity has a significant influence on content and profile of fatty acids. This work will help to understand the biology, the seasonal variation in lipid mass, lipid classes content and fatty acids profile in the abdominal muscle of C. crangon.

scholarly journals Analysis of mono-, di-, triacylglycerols, and fatty acids in food emulsifiers by high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 247 (4) ◽  
pp. 1023-1034
Author(s):  
Dinah Schick ◽  
Katharina Link ◽  
Wolfgang Schwack ◽  
Michael Granvogl ◽  
Claudia Oellig
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Lipid Class ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

AbstractMono- and diacylglycerols (MG/DG) of fatty acids (FA), known as emulsifiers of the type E 471, are food additives used to adjust techno-functional properties of various foodstuffs. These emulsifiers, however, are not defined single compounds but comprise, in addition to MG and DG, other constituents such as FA, triacylglycerols (TG), and glycerol. Although the emulsifiers’ compositions affect techno-functional properties of the food, knowledge of the composition is scarcely available, and the emulsifiers and their dosage are generally chosen empirically. Thus, a simple and rather inexpensive method for the simultaneous determination of FA, 1-MG, 2-MG, 1,2-DG, 1,3-DG, and TG by high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry including a straightforward quantitation strategy has been developed. Reversed-phase chromatography with gradient elution offered adequate separation of 29 considered analytes within 21 peaks, while mass-selective detection provided their unequivocal identification. The quantitation strategy based on calibration just with the C16:0 representatives of each lipid class and a corresponding response factor system has proven to provide reliable results. The determined concentrations of different mixtures comprising varying compositions and concentrations of C16:0, C18:0, and C18:1 components of each lipid class deviated < 20% (n = 351) from the respective target concentrations. Limits of decision were determined to 0.3–0.8 mg/L and limits of quantitation to 0.8–1.7 mg/L, expressed as C16:0 representatives. Application of the method to various E 471 emulsifiers provided detailed data on their chemical compositions, and calculated FA compositions matched very well those determined by common methods such as gas chromatography with flame ionization detection.

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