Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Turnover Is Linked to the Composition and Dynamics of the Bacterioplankton Assemblage during a Microcosm Phytoplankton Bloom

ABSTRACT Processing of the phytoplankton-derived organic sulfur compound dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) by bacteria was studied in seawater microcosms in the coastal Gulf of Mexico (Alabama). Modest phytoplankton blooms (peak chlorophyll a [Chl a] concentrations of ∼2.5 μg liter−1) were induced in nutrient-enriched microcosms, while phytoplankton biomass remained low in unamended controls (Chl a concentrations of ∼0.34 μg liter−1). Particulate DMSP concentrations reached 96 nM in the enriched microcosms but remained approximately 14 nM in the controls. Bacterial biomass production increased in parallel with the increase in particulate DMSP, and nutrient limitation bioassays in the initial water showed that enrichment with DMSP or glucose caused a similar stimulation of bacterial growth. Concomitantly, increased bacterial consumption rate constants of dissolved DMSP (up to 20 day−1) and dimethylsulfide (DMS) (up to 6.5 day−1) were observed. Nevertheless, higher DMSP S assimilation efficiencies and higher contribution of DMSP to bacterial S demand were found in the controls compared to the enriched microcosms. This indicated that marine bacterioplankton may rely more on DMSP as a source of S under oligotrophic conditions than under the senescence phase of phytoplankton blooms. Phylogenetic analysis of the bacterial assemblages in all microcosms showed that the DMSP-rich algal bloom favored the occurrence of various Roseobacter members, flavobacteria (Bacteroidetes phylum), and oligotrophic marine Gammaproteobacteria. Our observations suggest that the composition of the bacterial assemblage and the relative contribution of DMSP to the overall dissolved organic sulfur/organic matter pool control how efficiently bacteria assimilate DMSP S and thereby potentially divert it from DMS production.

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Phytoplankton blooms on the western shelf of Tasmania: evidence of a highly productive ecosystem

Ocean Science ◽

10.5194/os-11-1-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

J. Kämpf

Keyword(s):

Satellite Data ◽

Coastal Upwelling ◽

Phytoplankton Bloom ◽

Hot Spot ◽

Marine Ecosystem ◽

Austral Summer ◽

Phytoplankton Blooms ◽

Study Region ◽

Upwelling System ◽

Fluorescence Line

Abstract. Satellite-derived chlorophyll a data using the standard NASA-OC3 (ocean colour) algorithm are strongly biased by coloured dissolved organic matter and suspended sediment of river discharges, which is a particular problem for the western Tasmanian shelf. This work reconstructs phytoplankton blooms in the study region using a quadratic regression between OC3 data and chlorophyll fluorescence based on the fluorescence line height (FLH) data. This regression is derived from satellite data of the nearby Bonney upwelling region, which is devoid of river influences. To this end, analyses of 10 years of MODIS-aqua satellite data reveal the existence of a highly productive ecosystem on the western Tasmanian shelf. The region normally experiences two phytoplankton blooms per annum. The first bloom occurs during late austral summer months as a consequence of upwelling-favourable coastal winds. Hence, the western Tasmanian shelf forms a previously unknown upwelling centre of the regional upwelling system, known as Great South Australian Coastal Upwelling System. The second phytoplankton bloom is a classical spring bloom also developing in the adjacent Tasman Sea. The author postulates that this region forms another important biological hot spot for the regional marine ecosystem.

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Observational evidence for the formation of ocean DMS-derived aerosols during Arctic phytoplankton blooms

10.5194/acp-2016-1161 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Ki-Tae Park ◽

Sehyun Jang ◽

Kitack Lee ◽

Young Jun Yoon ◽

Min-Seob Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dimethyl Sulfide ◽

Phytoplankton Bloom ◽

The Arctic ◽

Size Distributions ◽

Particle Size Distributions ◽

Phytoplankton Blooms ◽

Mixing Ratios ◽

Arctic Haze ◽

Aerosol Particle Size ◽

Arctic Atmosphere

Abstract. The connection between marine biogenic dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and the formation of aerosol particles in the Arctic atmosphere was evaluated by analyzing atmospheric DMS mixing ratios, aerosol particle size distributions and aerosol chemical composition data that were concurrently collected at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard (78.5° N, 11.8° E) during April and May 2015. Measurements of aerosol sulfur (S) compounds showed distinct patterns during periods of Arctic haze (April) and phytoplankton blooms (May). Specifically, during the phytoplankton bloom period the contribution of DMS-derived SO42− to the total aerosol SO42− increased by 7-fold compared with that during the proceeding Arctic haze period, accounting for up to 70 % of fine SO42− particles (

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Viral and bacterial assemblage covariance in oligotrophic waters of the West Florida Shelf (Gulf of Mexico)

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315406013506 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 86 (3) ◽

pp. 591-603 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Ian Hewson ◽

Danielle M. Winget ◽

Kurt E. Williamson ◽

Jed A. Fuhrman ◽

K. Eric Wommack

Keyword(s):

Gulf Of Mexico ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Intergenic Spacer ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Bacterial Assemblage ◽

Assemblage Composition ◽

Phylogenetic Resolution ◽

Oligotrophic Water ◽

Independent Observations ◽

Bacterial Assemblages

Viruses are hypothesized to cause enhanced diversity in bacterial communities by regulating the outcome of intertaxon competition. However, concomitant documentation of viral and bacterial assemblage composition in oligotrophic waters are rare, particularly in situ over time, and there is almost no information on the temporal variability in virioplankton assemblage composition in oligotrophic water masses. Assemblage composition of viruses (via pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, PFGE) and bacteria (via automated rRNA intergenic spacer analysis, ARISA) was compared during surface lagrangian drifter deployments in the oligotrophic Gulf of Mexico during summer 2001, 2002, and 2003. In vertical profile, viruses and bacteria both had maximum abundances in surface waters, which decreased with depth; however, the richness of their assemblages was not significantly different between depths, suggesting independence of biomass and diversity. Viral assemblages changed rapidly (0.17–0.32 Jaccard index d−1), which was similar to the rate of change in bacterial assemblages reported in surface waters. Patterns of viral and bacterial assemblage composition were significantly related (P<0.001, r=0.58 between node ranks), and both assemblages clustered primarily by year and then by depth. These cultivation-independent observations demonstrate relationships between viral and bacterial assemblages, which are dynamic in patches of open ocean water. Even at the relatively low phylogenetic resolution of the ARISA and PFGE methods, the results support the idea that viruses may influence the species composition of host assemblages.

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Influence of Oxidation of Copper on Shear Bond Strength to an Acrylic Resin Using an Organic Sulfur Compound

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13092092 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 2092

Author(s):

Haruto Hiraba ◽

Hiroyasu Koizumi ◽

Akihisa Kodaira ◽

Hiroshi Nogawa ◽

Takayuki Yoneyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Acrylic Resin ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Sulfur Compounds ◽

Organic Sulfur ◽

Organic Sulfur Compound ◽

Organic Sulfur Compounds ◽

Wet Ground

The aim of this study was to clarify the influence of the copper surfaces changed from Cu or Cu2O to CuO on the bonding strength of resin with organic sulfur compounds. The disk-shaped specimens (n = 44) of copper were wet-ground. Half of the specimens were heated at 400 °C for 4 min in an electric furnace (HT: heated). Half of the specimens were not heated (UH: unheated). The specimens were further divided into two groups. Each group was primed by 6-methacryloyloxyhexyl 2-thiouracil-5-carboxylate (MTU-6) or unprimed (n = 11). A statistical analysis of the results of shear bond strength testing was performed, and the failure mode of the bonded areas was classified with an optical microscope. Two types of specimen surface (UH or HT) were analyzed chemically using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). When primed with MTU-6, unheated Cu (28.3 MPa) showed greater bond strength than heated (19.1 MPa). When unprimed, heated Cu (4.1 MPa) showed greater bond strength than unheated (2.3 MPa). The results of the debonded surfaces observation showed that only the UH-MTU-6 group demonstrated a combination of adhesive and cohesive failures in all specimens. The XPS results showed that the surface of copper changed from Cu or Cu2O to CuO when HT. These results confirmed that it is necessary to take care of the copper oxide contained in noble metal alloys when using organic sulfur compounds for adhesion.

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The importance of phytoplankton trait variability in spring bloom formation

ICES Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.1093/icesjms/fsv059 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 72 (6) ◽

pp. 1908-1915 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Aleksandra M. Lewandowska ◽

Maren Striebel ◽

Ulrike Feudel ◽

Helmut Hillebrand ◽

Ulrich Sommer

Keyword(s):

Spring Bloom ◽

Phytoplankton Bloom ◽

High Growth ◽

Phytoplankton Blooms ◽

Mixing Processes ◽

Bloom Formation ◽

Alternative Hypotheses ◽

Phytoplankton Traits ◽

Trait Variability

Abstract About 60 years ago, the critical depth hypothesis was proposed to describe the occurrence of spring phytoplankton blooms and emphasized the role of stratification for the timing of onset. Since then, several alternative hypotheses appeared focusing on the role of grazing and mixing processes such as turbulent convection or wind activity. Surprisingly, the role of community composition—and thus the distribution of phytoplankton traits—for bloom formation has not been addressed. Here, we discuss how trait variability between competing species might influence phytoplankton growth during the onset of the spring bloom. We hypothesize that the bloom will only occur if there are species with a combination of traits fitting to the environmental conditions at the respective location and time. The basic traits for formation of the typical spring bloom are high growth rates and photoadaptation to low light conditions, but other traits such as nutrient kinetics and grazing resistance might also be important. We present concise ideas on how to test our theoretical considerations experimentally. Furthermore, we suggest that future models of phytoplankton blooms should include both water column dynamics and variability of phytoplankton traits to make realistic projections instead of treating the phytoplankton bloom as an aggregate community phenomenon.

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The influence of the Guadalquivir river on spatio-temporal variability in the pelagic ecosystem of the eastern Gulf of Cádiz

Mediterranean Marine Science ◽

10.12681/mms.844 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 721 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

I. CABALLERO ◽

E. P. MORRIS ◽

L. PIETRO ◽

G. NAVARRO

Keyword(s):

Temporal Variability ◽

Phytoplankton Biomass ◽

Phytoplankton Bloom ◽

Light Limitation ◽

Gulf Of Cadiz ◽

Phytoplankton Blooms ◽

Pelagic Ecosystem ◽

Guadalquivir Estuary ◽

Gulf Of Cádiz ◽

Spatio Temporal

This study examines the spatio-temporal variability of the turbidity plume and phytoplankton biomass (in terms of chlorophyll) in the marine region influenced by the Guadalquivir estuary using ocean colour images over a period of 11 years (2003-2013). The area of the turbidity plume was calculated using water-leaving radiance at 555 nm (nLw555). Climatologic and monthly averages showed recurrent high nLw555 levels in winter and high chlorophyll in spring. Similar variability was confirmed by Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis of 8-day composite images, illustrating the existence of different regions with similar behavior. The first EOF mode explained 60.7% and 31% of the variability in nLw555 and chlorophyll, respectively, and was associated with enhanced Total Suspended Solids (TSS) in autumn-winter and phytoplankton blooms in winter-spring periods. The results confirmed that the development of the turbidity plume and subsequent phytoplankton blooms were strongly regulated by river discharges and precipitation. Indeed, interannual variation in nLw555 was consistent with changes in the large-scale climate index, the North Atlantic Oscillation, a proxy for regional rainfall patterns. In the case of phytoplankton biomass, the second EOF mode revealed differentiation between offshore and nearshore areas, the latter characterized by delayed development of phytoplankton bloom due to light limitation by high TSS. This suggests that the stability of the water column, via its influence on phytoplankton light-limitation, influenced also the timing and magnitude of phytoplankton bloom events. The dynamic of the Guadalquivir estuary turbidity plume is a crucial factor for the pelagic ecosystem of the Eastern Gulf of Cadiz, governing phytoplankton productivity.

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Impact of physical processes on the phytoplankton blooms in the South China Sea: an eddy-resolving physical-biological model study

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-10-1577-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 1577-1604 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Y. Sasai ◽

H. Sasaki ◽

K. J. Richards

Keyword(s):

South China Sea ◽

South China ◽

Phytoplankton Bloom ◽

The South China Sea ◽

Eastern Coast ◽

Phytoplankton Blooms ◽

China Sea ◽

Chlorophyll Distribution ◽

Coast Of Vietnam ◽

Anticyclonic Eddies

Abstract. An eddy-resolving coupled physical-biological ocean model has been employed to investigate the physical influences on phytoplankton blooms in the South China Sea during 2000–2007. The model captures the seasonal and interannual variability of surface chlorophyll distribution associated with mesoscale eddies, ocean circulation and upwelling generated by the monsoon winds. The model also reproduces the high chlorophyll distributions in two coastal upwelling regions: the northwestern Luzon in winter and the eastern coast of Vietnam in summer. To the northwest of Luzon, the monsoon driven-upwelling, anticyclonic eddies, and the intrusion of the Kuroshio have a large impact on the winter phytoplankton bloom. The model shows the winter phytoplankton bloom is induced by the shallow nutricline depth under the northeast monsoon. Strong vertical motions at the edge of anticyclonic eddies enhance the phytoplankton bloom and produce the filamentary structure. Off the eastern coast of Vietnam, the monsoon-driven upwelling and anticyclonic circulation control the high chlorophyll distribution in summer. During the southwest monsoon, strong offshore Ekman transport and upwelling occur and increase the surface chlorophyll. The high chlorophyll is advected from the coast to open ocean by the strong offshore circulation.

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Taxonomic diversity of bacterial assemblage in technosol of the revegetating fly ash dump

Почвы и окружающая среда ◽

10.31251/pos.v2i3.84 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Natalia B. Naumova ◽

Ivan P. Belanov ◽

Tatiana Yu. Alikina

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

16S Rrna ◽

Thermoelectric Power ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Rrna Genes ◽

Gene Sequences ◽

Power Station ◽

Bacterial Assemblage ◽

Early Stages ◽

Bacterial Assemblages

Background. The aim of the study was to assess the composition and structure of bacterial assemblages by estimating 16S rRNA gene sequences diversity in a young Technosol, developing on a revegetating fly ash dump. Location and place of the study. Two soils were chosen for the study in the environs of the thermoelectric power station No.5 in Novosibirsk region: 1) nine years old Technosol (54°59' NL, 83°03' EL), developing on the spontaneously revegetating fly ash dump, and 2) Phaeozem under undisturbed white birch forest (55°00' NL, 83°04' EL). Soils were sampled from the 0-5 cm layer as three individual replicates each. Materials and methods. The total DNA extracted from soil samples was used as a matrix for PCR amplification using V-3-V4 primers for 16S rRNA genes. The obtained amplicons were sequenced on Illumina MiSeq platform in the Genomics Core Facility of the Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS (Novosibirsk, Russia). Descriptive statistics and principal components analysis were used to analyze and present the data. Results. Overall 4887 different operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were found at the 97% similarity level; the OTUs were ascribed to 306 genera, 212 families, 123 orders, 84 classes and 32 phyla of bacteria domain. At the phylum level bacterial assemblages in both soils were dominated by Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria, showing rather similar outline of the phyla relative abundance, confirming the direction of pedogenesis towards Phaeozem. Higher abundance of Chloroflexi a physiologically diverse phyla with aerobic and anaerobic thermophiles, anoxigenic phototrophs and anaerobes, able to respire organic halides, in the young Technosol complies with harsh edaphic conditions there. Although the relative abundance of Rhizobiales, Actinomycetales and unclassified Acidobacteria_Gp6 and Acidobacteria_Gp3 was found to be 1.5–2.4 times higher in the undisturbed Phaeozem, they also were predominating in the Technosol samples. The α-biodiversity indices, pertaining mostly to species/OTUs richness, i.e. Chao-1, OTUs number, Margalef, Fisher’s alpha, were higher in Phaeozem, whereas evenness and equitability were higher in Technosol. Both soils demonstrated similar Shanno indices, which were rather high (6.3). Conclusions. Nine years of spontaneous revegetation on the terminated fly ash dump of the thermoelectric power station resulted in the development of the Technosol, containing quite rich and diverse bacterial assemblage, which was rather close in structure at the phylum taxonomic level to the adjacent undisturbed Phaeozem. Overall the early stages of pedogenesis were dominated by specific bacterial assemblage (Chloroflexi, Xanthomonadales, Geobacter, Aciditerrimonas, Iamiaceae and some others), performing weathering of the pedogenic substrate, i.e. fly ash. The present of nitrificators (Nitrospira), denitrificators денитрификаторов (Reyranella) together with diazotrophs (Bradyrhizobium, Rhizobiales) dominance evidences the establishment of the entire network of nitrogen transformation process already at the early stages of revegetation of the fly ash dump. Large percentage (17%) of Bacteria, the information about which ribosomal gene sequences is most likely absent in the respective data bases necessitates more detailed research into the soil microbiome on fly ash dumps.

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Environmental factors influencing the seasonal dynamics of spring algal blooms in and beneath sea ice in western Baffin Bay

Elem Sci Anth ◽

10.1525/elementa.372 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

L. Oziel ◽

P. Massicotte ◽

A. Randelhoff ◽

J. Ferland ◽

A. Vladoiu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sea Ice ◽

Water Column ◽

Seasonal Dynamics ◽

Phytoplankton Bloom ◽

Arctic Sea Ice ◽

Series Data ◽

Western Coast ◽

Snow Melt ◽

Phytoplankton Blooms ◽

Baffin Bay

Arctic sea ice is experiencing a shorter growth season and an earlier ice melt onset. The significance of spring microalgal blooms taking place prior to sea ice breakup is the subject of ongoing scientific debate. During the Green Edge project, unique time-series data were collected during two field campaigns held in spring 2015 and 2016, which documented for the first time the concomitant temporal evolution of the sea ice algal and phytoplankton blooms in and beneath the landfast sea ice in western Baffin Bay. Sea ice algal and phytoplankton blooms were negatively correlated and respectively reached 26 (6) and 152 (182) mg of chlorophyll a per m2 in 2015 (2016). Here, we describe and compare the seasonal evolutions of a wide variety of physical forcings, particularly key components of the atmosphere–snow–ice–ocean system, that influenced microalgal growth during both years. Ice algal growth was observed under low-light conditions before the snow melt period and was much higher in 2015 due to less snowfall. By increasing light availability and water column stratification, the snow melt onset marked the initiation of the phytoplankton bloom and, concomitantly, the termination of the ice algal bloom. This study therefore underlines the major role of snow on the seasonal dynamics of microalgae in western Baffin Bay. The under-ice water column was dominated by Arctic Waters. Just before the sea ice broke up, phytoplankton had consumed most of the nutrients in the surface layer. A subsurface chlorophyll maximum appeared and deepened, favored by spring tide-induced mixing, reaching the best compromise between light and nutrient availability. This deepening evidenced the importance of upper ocean tidal dynamics for shaping vertical development of the under-ice phytoplankton bloom, a major biological event along the western coast of Baffin Bay, which reached similar magnitude to the offshore ice-edge bloom.

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Detection of Phytoplankton Temporal Anomalies Based on Satellite Inherent Optical Properties: A Tool for Monitoring Phytoplankton Blooms

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19153339 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (15) ◽

pp. 3339 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jesús Antonio Aguilar-Maldonado ◽

Eduardo Santamaría-del-Ángel ◽

Adriana Gonzalez-Silvera ◽

María Teresa Sebastiá-Frasquet

Keyword(s):

Optical Properties ◽

Phytoplankton Bloom ◽

In Situ Monitoring ◽

Data Series ◽

Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽

Phytoplankton Blooms ◽

Absorption Coefficients ◽

Inherent Optical Properties ◽

Spatial Coverage ◽

Wide Range

The baseline of a specific variable defines the average behavior of that variable and it must be built from long data series that represent its spatial and temporal variability. In coastal and marine waters, phytoplankton can produce blooms characterized by a wide range of total cells number or chlorophyll a concentration. Classifying a phytoplankton abundance increase as a bloom depends on the species, the study area and the season. The objective of this study was to define the baseline of satellite absorption coefficients in Todos Santos Bay (Baja California, Mexico) to determine the presence of phytoplankton blooms based on the satellite inherent optical properties index (satellite IOP index). Two field points were selected according to historical bloom reports. To build the baseline, the data of phytoplankton absorption coefficients ( a p h y , G I O P ) and detritus plus colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) ( a d C D O M , G I O P ) from the generalized inherent optical property (GIOP) satellite model of the NASA moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS-Aqua) sensor was studied for the period 2003 to 2016. Field data taken during a phytoplankton bloom event on June 2017 was used to validate the use of satellite products. The association between field and satellite data had a significant positive correlation. The satellite baseline detected a trend change from high values to low values of the satellite IOP index since 2010. Improved wastewater treatment to waters discharged into the Bay, and increased aquaculture of filter-feeding mollusks could have been the cause. The methodology proposed in this study can be a supplementary tool for permanent in situ monitoring programs. This methodology offers several advantages: A complete spatial coverage of the specific coastal area under study, appropriate temporal resolution and a tool for building an objective baseline to detect deviation from average conditions during phytoplankton bloom events.

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