scholarly journals Bacterial vaginosis.

1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
C A Spiegel
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Genital Tract Infection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common of the vaginitides affecting women of reproductive age. It appears to be due to an alteration in the vaginal ecology by which Lactobacillus spp., the predominant organisms in the healthy vagina, are replaced by a mixed flora including Prevotella bivia, Prevotella disiens, Porphyromonas spp., Mobiluncus spp., and Peptostreptococcus spp. All of these organisms except Mobiluncus spp. are also members of the endogenous vaginal flora. While evidence from treatment trials does not support the notion that BV is sexually transmitted, recent studies have shown an increased risk associated with multiple sexual partners. It has also been suggested that the pathogenesis of BV may be similar to that of urinary tract infections, with the rectum serving as a reservoir for some BV-associated flora. The organisms associated with BV have also been recognized as agents of female upper genital tract infection, including pelvic inflammatory disease, and the syndrome BV has been associated with adverse outcome of pregnancy, including premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, and fetal loss; postpartum endometritis; cuff cellulitis; and urinary tract infections. The mechanisms by which the BV-associated flora causes the signs of BV are not well understood, but a role for H2O2-producing Lactobacillus spp. in protecting against colonization by catalase-negative anaerobic bacteria has been recognized. These and other aspects of BV are reviewed.

scholarly journals Ceftolozane-Tazobactam Activity against Phylogenetically Diverse Clostridium difficile Strains

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 7084-7085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Gonzalez ◽  
Meghan A. Wallace ◽  
Tiffany Hink ◽  
Erik R. Dubberke ◽  
Carey-Ann D. Burnham
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
High Mics

ABSTRACTCeftolozane-tazobactam (C/T) is approved for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections and has varied activity against anaerobic bacteria. Here, we evaluate the activity of C/T against a phylogenetically diverse collection ofClostridium difficileisolates and report uniformly high MICs (≥256 μg/ml) to C/T.

scholarly journals Emerging Role of Microbiome in the Prevention of Urinary Tract Infections in Children

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 870
Author(s):  
Anna Kawalec ◽  
Danuta Zwolińska
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Urologic Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact

The microbiome of the urinary tract plays a significant role in maintaining health through the impact on bladder homeostasis. Urobiome is of great importance in maintaining the urothelial integrity and preventing urinary tract infection (UTI), as well as promoting local immune function. Dysbiosis in this area has been linked to an increased risk of UTIs, nephrolithiasis, and dysfunction of the lower urinary tract. However, the number of studies in the pediatric population is limited, thus the characteristic of the urobiome in children, its role in a child’s health, and pediatric urologic diseases are not completely understood. This review aims to characterize the healthy urobiome in children, the role of dysbiosis in urinary tract infection, and to summarize the strategies to modification and reshape disease-prone microbiomes in pediatric patients with recurrent urinary tract infections.

scholarly journals Use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and urinary tract infections in type 2 diabetes patients: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Rodrigues Figueiredo ◽  
Sara Cardoso Paes Rose ◽  
Nathália Bandeira Freire ◽  
Marina Stabile Patrocínio ◽  
Natália Pierdoná ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Oral Antidiabetic Agents ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tract Infections

SUMMARY Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are drugs that act by maintaining glycosuria. Recent studies have shown promising effects of these in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). However, there may be an increased risk of developing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients treated with these. Our study aims to analyze the association between the risk of UTI in patients treated with SGLT2i. A systematic review of the literature was carried out by randomized clinical trials, totalizing at the end of the selection 23 articles that were statistically evaluated. The incidence of UTI was generally demonstrated in articles and in different subgroups: patients on SGLT2i monotherapy or on combination therapy; according to specific comorbidities of each sample or according to the drug used. They noticed an increase in the chance of UTI in the SGLT2i groups compared to the control groups on placebo or other oral antidiabetic agents. This increased chance was found predominantly with the use of Dapagliflozin, Canagliflozin, and Tofogliflozin, regardless of the dosing. Lastly, stands out that the dimension of UTI chances for DM2 patients who use SGLT2i remains to be more strictly determined.

scholarly journals Increased human pathogenic potential of Escherichia coli from polymicrobial urinary tract infections in comparison to isolates from monomicrobial culture samples

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Croxall ◽  
Vivienne Weston ◽  
Susan Joseph ◽  
Georgina Manning ◽  
Phil Cheetham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Cell Infection ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tract Infections

The current diagnostic standard procedure outlined by the Health Protection Agency for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in clinical laboratories does not report bacteria isolated from samples containing three or more different bacterial species. As a result many UTIs go unreported and untreated, particularly in elderly patients, where polymicrobial UTI samples are especially prevalent. This study reports the presence of the major uropathogenic species in mixed culture urine samples from elderly patients, and of resistance to front-line antibiotics, with potentially increased levels of resistance to ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim. Most importantly, the study highlights that Escherichia coli present in polymicrobial UTI samples are statistically more invasive (P<0.001) in in vitro epithelial cell infection assays than those isolated from monomicrobial culture samples. In summary, the results of this study suggest that the current diagnostic standard procedure for polymicrobial UTI samples needs to be reassessed, and that E. coli present in polymicrobial UTI samples may pose an increased risk to human health.

Urinary Tract Infections and the Uncircumcised State: An Update

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Wiswell ◽  
Wayne E. Hachey
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
First Year ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Army Hospitals ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
First Year Of Life

In a two-part study of the circumcision status of boys with urinary tract infections (UTIs), we reviewed the occurrence of UTIs in 209,399 infants born in US Army hospitals worldwide from 1985 to 1990. During the first year of life, 1,046 (0.5%: 550 girls and 496 boys) were hospitalized for UTIs. Noncircumcised male infants had a 10-fold greater incidence of infection than did circumcised male infants. The frequency rate of circumcision rose significantly, from 70.3% to 80.2%, during the study period. Among uncircumcised boys younger than 3 months with UTIs, 23% had concomitant bacteremia involving the same organism. The second part of the study consisted of a meta-analysis of all nine previous reports on the circumcision status of boys with UTIs. These studies revealed a fivefold to 89-fold increased risk of infection in uncircumcised boys; the combined data yielded a 12-fold increase in UTIs in this population. Parents should be told of the lower risk of UTIs for circumcised boys during informed-consent counseling.

scholarly journals Prevention of post coital cystitis: the role of D-mannose. Case report

2021 ◽  
pp. 590-593
Author(s):  
Anton Iu. Tsukanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Recurrent Cystitis ◽  
Lower Urinary

Recurrent lower urinary tract infections are common among women. One of the important factors of their genesis is sexual activity: there is a positive correlation between sexual intercourse frequency and recurrences of lower urinary tract infections. Post coital cystitis accounts for 30–40% of all chronic recurrent cystitis and occurs in about 25–30% of women of reproductive age. One of the methods for the prevention of post coital cystitis is the use of D-mannose, the effectiveness of which was demonstrated with a clinical example.

scholarly journals Access to sanitation and risk of developing urinary tract infections among women from low socio-economic settings

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2939
Author(s):  
Rama Kawade ◽  
Anjali Radkar ◽  
Abhilash Thadathil ◽  
Deepa Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Restricted Use ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Poor sanitation facilities are root cause of many health problems of people residing in slums. The present study estimates the prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTI) and identifies factors associated with an increased risk of UTI among women.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 616 women aged between 18 to 60 years residing in 33 slums across four cities in Maharashtra, India. Data related to individual characteristics of women, housing condition, access to sanitation facilities, behaviors adopted by the women that could lead to UTI and an episode of symptomatic UTI in the previous one month were recorded through structured questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was performed to find out risk factors for UTI among women.Results: The prevalence of UTI was found to be 19.6%. The prevalence was higher among young women aged upto 30 years (23.2%). In absence of individual toilet, women had adopted certain behaviors such as urine holding (21.3%), modify dinner to avoid toilet use at night (26.6%) and avoid intake of liquids (10.7%) to reduce frequency of visits to toilet. All these behaviors were significantly associated with UTI. Multiple logistic regression indicated that UTI was strongly and independently associated with age (OR=1.64, 95%CI: 1.08, 2.47), no access to bathroom (OR=2.21, 95%CI: 1.08, 4.49) and avoid intake of liquids (OR=2.70, 95%CI: 1.53, 4.75) (p<0.05).Conclusions:Behavior modifications by women to adjust with restricted use of place of urination may affect their health and increase the likelihood of developing UTI. Younger women are more at risk of developing UTI.  

Urinary Tract Infections in Women

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun S. Chanmugam ◽  
Gino Scalabrini
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) refer to a urine culture yielding a minimum of 100 to 10,000 bacteria units/mm of urine usually from a clean catch midstream sample. This can result from infection of the lower urinary tract involving the bladder (cystitis) or an infection of the upper urinary tract involving the kidneys (pyelonephritis). Uncomplicated UTIs occur in healthy, pre-menopausal, non-pregnant women with a normal urinary tract who have a high likelihood to respond favorably to treatment, but consider local antibiotic resistance patterns. Complicated UTIs occur in women with coexisting pathology, anatomical abnormality, underlying comorbidity, or immunocompromise. Untreated UTIs can progress to pyelonephritis and urosepsis. Asymptomatic bacteriuria for pregnant women can progress very quickly; pyelonephritis carries increased risk of perinatal and neonatal mortality. Pregnant patients should be treated with cephalexin, amoxicillin, or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (avoiding fluoroquinolones).

Importance of Anaerobic Bacteria In Chronic Lower Urinary Tract Infections In Males

1971 ◽  
Vol 136 (8) ◽  
pp. 691-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis C. Breschi ◽  
Robert V. Marraro ◽  
James R. Birch
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Lower Urinary

scholarly journals Associations between antibiotic prescriptions and recurrent urinary tract infections in female college students

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Rich ◽  
E. M. Klann ◽  
C. R. Almond ◽  
E. M. Larkin ◽  
G. Nicolette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Recurrent Infection ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Infection Recurrence

AbstractUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are common among college-aged women and often recur. Some antibiotics recommended to treat UTIs trigger dysbiosis of intestinal and vaginal microbiomes – where uropathogens originate, though few studies have investigated associations between these therapies with recurrent infections. We retrospectively analysed the electronic medical records of 6651 college-aged women diagnosed with a UTI at a US university student health centre between 2006 and 2014. Women were followed for 6 months for incidence of a recurrent infection. In a secondary analysis, associations in women whose experienced UTI recurrence within 2 weeks were also considered for potential infection relapse. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between infection recurrence or relapse and antibiotics prescribed, in addition to baseline patient characteristics including age, race/ethnicity, region of origin, year of encounter, presence of symptomology, pyelonephritis, vaginal coinfection and birth control consultation. There were 1051 instances of infection recurrence among the 6620 patients, indicating a prevalence of 16%. In the analysis of patient characteristics, Asian women were statistically more likely to experience infection recurrence whereas African American were less likely. No significant associations were identified between the antibiotic administered at the initial infection and the risk of infection recurrence after multivariable adjustment. Treatment with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole and being born outside of the USA were significantly associated with increased odds of infection relapse in the multivariate analysis. The results of the analyses suggest that treatment with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole may lead to an increased risk of UTI relapse, warranting further study.

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