Isolation, Genetic Characterization, and Seroprevalence of Adana Virus, a Novel Phlebovirus Belonging to the Salehabad Virus Complex, in Turkey

ABSTRACTA new phlebovirus, Adana virus, was isolated from a pool ofPhlebotomusspp. (Diptera;Psychodidae) in the province of Adana, in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Genetic analysis based on complete coding of genomic sequences indicated that Adana virus belongs to theSalehabad virusspecies of the genusPhlebovirusin the familyBunyaviridae. Adana virus is the third virus of theSalehabad virusspecies for which the complete sequence has been determined. To understand the epidemiology of Adana virus, a seroprevalence study using microneutralization assay was performed to detect the presence of specific antibodies in human and domestic animal sera collected in Adana as well as Mersin province, located 147 km west of Adana. The results demonstrate that the virus is present in both provinces. High seroprevalence rates in goats, sheep, and dogs support intensive exposure to Adana virus in the region, which has not been previously reported for any virus included in the Salehabad serocomplex; however, low seroprevalence rates in humans suggest that Adana virus is not likely to constitute an important public health problem in exposed human populations, but this deserves further studies.IMPORTANCEUntil recently, in the genusPhlebovirus, theSalehabad virusspecies consisted of two viruses: Salehabad virus, isolated from sand flies in Iran, and Arbia virus, isolated from sand flies in Italy. Here we present the isolation and complete genome characterization of the Adana virus, which we propose to be included in theSalehabad virusspecies. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the isolation and complete genome characterization, from sand flies in Turkey, of a Salehabad virus-related phlebovirus with supporting seropositivity in the Mediterranean, Aegean, and Central Anatolia regions, where phleboviruses have been circulating and causing outbreaks. Salehabad species viruses have generally been considered to be a group of viruses with little medical or veterinary interest. This view deserves to be revisited according to our results, which indicate a high animal infection rate of Adana virus and recent evidence of human infection with Adria virus in Greece.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of molecular characterization and phylogeny for quantification of Acanthamoeba and Naegleria fowleri in various water sources, Turkey

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0256659 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. e0256659

Author(s):

Mehmet Aykur ◽

Hande Dagci

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Water Sources ◽

Quantitative Detection ◽

Human Populations ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Natural Environments ◽

Specific Primers ◽

Important Public Health Problem

Free-living amoeba (FLA) is widely distributed in the natural environment. Since these amoebae are widely found in various waters, they pose an important public health problem. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of Acanthamoeba, B. mandrillaris, and N. fowleri in various water resources by qPCR in Izmir, Turkey. A total of (n = 27) 18.24% Acanthamoeba and (n = 4) 2.7% N. fowleri positives were detected in six different water sources using qPCR with ITS regions (ITS1) specific primers. The resulting concentrations varied in various water samples for Acanthamoeba in the range of 3.2x105-1.4x102 plasmid copies/l and for N. fowleri in the range of 8x103-11x102 plasmid copies/l. The highest concentration of Acanthamoeba and N. fowleri was found in seawater and damp samples respectively. All 27 Acanthamoeba isolates were identified in genotype level based on the 18S rRNA gene as T4 (51.85%), T5 (22.22%), T2 (14.81%) and T15 (11.11%). The four positive N. fowleri isolate was confirmed by sequencing the ITS1, ITS2 and 5.8S rRNA regions using specific primers. Four N. fowleri isolates were genotyped (three isolate as type 2 and one isolate as type 5) and detected for the first time from water sources in Turkey. Acanthamoeba and N. fowleri genotypes found in many natural environments are straightly related to human populations to have pathogenic potentials that may pose a risk to human health. Public health professionals should raise awareness on this issue, and public awareness education should be provided by the assistance of civil authorities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the quantitative detection and distribution of Acanthamoeba and N. fowleri genotypes in various water sources in Turkey.

Download Full-text

Whole-Genome Sequences and Comparative Genomics of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Isolates from Patients with Fatal and Nonfatal Typhoid Fever in Papua New Guinea

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.01051-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 194 (18) ◽

pp. 5122-5123 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ramani Baddam ◽

Kwai-Lin Thong ◽

Tiruvayipati Suma Avasthi ◽

Sabiha Shaik ◽

Kien-Pong Yap ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comparative Genomics ◽

Typhoid Fever ◽

Papua New Guinea ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

New Guinea ◽

Important Public Health Problem ◽

Content Type ◽

Virulence Potential ◽

Native Strains

ABSTRACTMany of the developing countries of the Southeast Asian region are significantly affected by endemic typhoid fever, possibly as a result of marginal living standards. It is an important public health problem in countries such as Papua New Guinea, which is geographically close to some of the foci of endemicity in Asia. The severity of the disease varies in different regions, and this may be attributable to genetic diversity among the native strains. Genome sequence data on strains from different countries are needed to clearly understand their genetic makeup and virulence potential. We describe the genomes of twoSalmonellaTyphi isolates from patients with fatal and nonfatal cases of typhoid fever in Papua New Guinea. We discuss in brief the underlying sequencing methodology, assembly, genome statistics, and important features of the two draft genomes, which form an essential step in our functional molecular infection epidemiology program centering on typhoid fever. The comparative genomics of these and other isolates would enable us to identify genetic rearrangements and mechanisms responsible for endemicity and the differential severity of pathogenic salmonellae in Papua New Guinea and elsewhere.

Download Full-text

Identification of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O26:H− Genes Required for Intestinal Colonization in Calves

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.73.3.1735-1743.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 1735-1743 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

Pauline M. van Diemen ◽

Francis Dziva ◽

Mark P. Stevens ◽

Timothy S. Wallis

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

The United States ◽

Human Infection ◽

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli ◽

Secreted Proteins ◽

Type I ◽

Intestinal Colonization ◽

Important Public Health Problem ◽

Type Iii

ABSTRACT Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) infections in humans are an important public health problem and are commonly acquired via contact with ruminant feces. The serogroups that are predominantly associated with human infection in the United States and Europe are O157 and O26. Serotypes O157:H7 and O26:H− differ in their virulence and tissue tropism in calves and therefore may colonize calves by distinct mechanisms. The mechanisms underlying EHEC intestinal colonization and pathogenesis are poorly understood. Signature-tagged mutagenesis was used to identify 59 genes of EHEC O26:H− that are required for the intestinal colonization of calves. Our results indicate important roles for locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE)-encoded type III secreted proteins in intestinal colonization. In addition, colonization is facilitated by cytotoxins, putative type III secreted proteins unlinked to the LEE, a putative fimbrial operon, and numerous genes involved in central metabolism and transport and genes of unknown function. Our data also imply that the elaboration of type I fimbriae by EHEC O26:H− is disadvantageous for persistence within the bovine intestines. These observations have important implications for the design of vaccines to control these important zoonotic pathogens.

Download Full-text

Complete Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Kottbus Strain Kharkiv, Isolated from a Commercial Pork Production Facility in Ukraine

Microbiology Resource Announcements ◽

10.1128/mra.01171-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (49) ◽

Author(s):

Vasiliy Arefiev ◽

Ganna Kovalenko ◽

Maciej Frant ◽

Tetiana Chumachenko ◽

Yuliia Polyvianna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Genome Sequence ◽

Complete Genome Sequence ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Complete Genome ◽

Human Infection ◽

Production Facility ◽

Content Type ◽

Pork Production ◽

Long Read

ABSTRACT The complete genome of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Kottbus strain Kharkiv (serogroup C2-C3), which was isolated from a commercial pork production facility in Kharkiv, Ukraine, was assembled using long-read Nanopore sequences. A single circular contig (4,799,045 bp) comprised a complete chromosome encoding antibiotic resistance, highlighting the risk of cross-species livestock and human infection.

Download Full-text

The Salmonella Problem: Current Status and Future Direction1

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-45.7.661 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 45 (7) ◽

pp. 661-666 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

JOHN H. SILLIKER

Keyword(s):

Animal Feed ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Human Infection ◽

School Level ◽

Poultry Meat ◽

Current Status ◽

High School Level ◽

Important Public Health Problem ◽

Source Of Infection ◽

Human Salmonellosis

Human salmonellosis continues to be an important public health problem. Consumer mishandling of poultry, meat and dairy products is the most frequent cause of outbreaks. Attempts to educate consumers in proper food handling practices have had disappointing results. Denmark has an intensive program directed towards students in the 7, 8, 9 and 10th grades. Canada is contemplating a similar program for students at the high school level. Similar efforts do not exist in the U.S. Contaminated animal feed continues to be an important source of infection to livestock. The recent rise in the importance of Salmonella agona and Salmonella hadar illustrates again the important chain leading from feed contamination to livestock infection to human infection. Scandinavian countries have intensive programs directed toward control of Salmonella in domestic meat animals. Indications are that this has decreased the incidence of Salmonella in livestock and that concurrently there has been a decreased incidence of human salmonellosis in these countries. The Nurmi concept, involving oral administration of the gastrointestinal flora of adult birds into newly hatched chicks and poults, shows promise as a practical and economical approach to reducing the incidence of salmonellae in poultry.

Download Full-text

First Complete Genome Sequence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain SO-1977 Isolated from Khartoum, Sudan

Genome Announcements ◽

10.1128/genomea.00945-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (42) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sofia B. Mohamed ◽

Mohamed S. Ali ◽

Faisal M. Alamir ◽

Tahani B. Alyas ◽

Abdallah E. Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Genome Sequence ◽

Complete Genome Sequence ◽

Complete Genome ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Aureus Strain ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Content Type ◽

Contaminated Wound

ABSTRACT Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is increasingly becoming resistant to most antibiotics and consequently has become a challenging public health problem in Sudan. The present study documented the first complete genome sequence of strain SO-1977, isolated from a contaminated wound in Sudan.

Download Full-text

Complete Genome Characterization of Eight Human Parainfluenza Viruses from the Netherlands

Microbiology Resource Announcements ◽

10.1128/mra.00125-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (15) ◽

Author(s):

My V. T. Phan ◽

Georgina Arron ◽

Corine H. GeurtsvanKessel ◽

Robin C. Huisman ◽

Richard Molenkamp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Complete Genome ◽

Full Genome ◽

Genome Sequences ◽

Content Type ◽

Genome Characterization ◽

Parainfluenza Viruses ◽

Human Parainfluenza Viruses ◽

Generation Sequencing

We report the complete genome sequences of eight human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) belonging to Human respirovirus 1 (HPIV-1), Human respirovirus 3 (HPIV-3), Human rubulavirus 2 (HPIV-2), and Human rubulavirus 4 (HPIV-4). The genome sequences were generated using random-primed next-generation sequencing and represent the first HPIV full-genome sequences from the Netherlands.

Download Full-text

First Detection ofoqxABin Salmonella spp. Isolated from Food

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01144-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 658-660 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Marcus Ho Yin Wong ◽

Sheng Chen

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Hong Kong ◽

Meat Products ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Important Public Health Problem ◽

Content Type ◽

Important Public Health ◽

Food Borne ◽

First Time

ABSTRACTFood-borne salmonellosis is an important public health problem worldwide and the second leading cause of food-borne illnesses in Hong Kong. In this study, the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance ofSalmonellain meat products in Hong Kong were determined. Interestingly, a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) gene combination,oqxAB, which mediates resistance to nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol, and olaquindox, was for the first time detectable on the chromosomes of twoSalmonella entericaserovar Derby isolates. Further surveillance ofoqxABinSalmonellawill be needed.

Download Full-text

Slower growth may mar Latin America hunger advances

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db200859 ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Indigenous Communities ◽

Absolute Number ◽

Important Public Health Problem ◽

Content Type ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Food And Agriculture Organization ◽

World Food Summit ◽

The Caribbean

Subject Successes in hunger reduction in Latin America. Significance Although a number of regions have achieved the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target of halving the percentage of their population suffering from hunger by 2015, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is, according to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the first region also to achieve the more ambitious World Food Summit target of halving their absolute number. Impacts While ongoing efforts will be required to reduce hunger, obesity has also become an important public health problem in many LAC countries. A recent increase in extreme poverty in LAC suggests that reduction of hunger may slow. As hunger drops and concentrates in pockets, such as indigenous communities, ever more closely targeted policies will be required.

Download Full-text

Factors related to suicide among students: a narrative review of psychological literature

Mental Health Review Journal ◽

10.1108/mhrj-08-2020-0061 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Saba Javed ◽

Khadeeja Munawar

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Help Seeking ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Life Stressors ◽

Health Issues ◽

Important Public Health Problem ◽

Content Type ◽

Mental Health Issues

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an educational overview of suicidal behavior and the factors related to suicidality among students between the ages of 18 and 30 years. Design/methodology/approach The literature related to suicide among students were identified through various electronic database searches. The databases searched included: PsycINFO, PubMed, MEDLINE, ERIC/ProQuest, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar and PMC using the following search terms and their derivatives: suicide/self-harm, suicide risk and students, mental health issues and suicide, substance use and suicide, childhood adversities and suicide, recent life stressors, help-seeking attitude and elevated suicidal risk, help-seeking behavior and suicide and subjective factors and suicide. Findings Suicide is an important public health problem. Several factors influence suicide (including suicidal ideation and taking life or dying by suicide) such as genetics, family functions, socioeconomic status, personality and psychiatric comorbidity. The main themes that were investigated included: mental health issues, childhood adversity and recent life stressors, barriers toward seeking professional help and subjective factors (psychache risk of suicidal behavior, impulsivity, aggression). Originality/value This review focuses on several modifiable psychological factors that have been shown to contribute toward suicidal ideation in youth, especially among university students.

Download Full-text