scholarly journals Effects of Screen Time and Season on Cardiovascular System Indicators in Primary Schoolchildren

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 628-638
Author(s):  
N. B. Pankova ◽  
I. B. Alchinova ◽  
O. I. Kovaleva ◽  
M. A. Lebedeva ◽  
N. N. Khlebnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Arterial Baroreflex ◽  
School Students ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
Hygienic Standard ◽  
End Of Grade

Abstract Indicators of the cardiovascular system, including heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) variability parameters, were analyzed in primary school students with different computer screen times. The study included 4084 students of grades 1–4 (age 7–12 years) from 66 Moscow schools. The screen time at school and out of school was assessed by teachers, based on the national Sanitary Rules and Regulations: 0, no screen time; 1, screen time matching hygienic standards; 2, screen time at least twice greater than recommended. Physiological examinations were carried out by spiroarteriocardiorhythmography with a face mask, the conditions corresponding to the functional stress test (mild hypercapnia/hypoxia). Testing took place in spring and autumn (independent samples). Statistical data processing was performed using nonparametric criteria. It was revealed that the introduction of computer technologies in school lessons within the limits of hygienic standards was accompanied by an increase, within the normal range, of systolic BP in girls at the end of grade 2 and 4 and in boys at the beginning and end of grade 4. Screen time at least twice higher than the hygienic standard did not have an additional effect on BP, but provoked shifts in the function of autonomic regulation. Boys were more sensitive to the influence of this environmental factor. Their pattern of seasonal variability in total power (TP) of the HR variability spectrum was reversed compared to that of children who did not use computers at school; i.e., higher TP values were observed in spring. In grade 4, the process was accompanied by an increase in spontaneous arterial baroreflex sensitivity and a decrease in the relative power of the LF range in the variability spectrum of systolic BP. The changes were assumed to reflect the adaptive response to changes in educational environment.

scholarly journals Seasonal variability of cardiovascular system parameters in primary schoolchildren with different body mass index

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
Н.Б. Панкова
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Cardiovascular Parameters ◽  
School Year ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
Z Scores

Известно, что у детей существует значимая сезонная вариабельность как индекса массы тела (ИМТ), так и ряда показателей сердечно-сосудистой системы. Целью данного исследования стал анализ возможных различий в сезонной вариабельности показателей сердечно-сосудистой системы у детей 7-11 лет с разной величиной ИМТ. Методы. В анализ взяты результаты 4-летнего мониторинга показателей функционального состояния организма учащихся одной параллели (4 класса), в динамике с 1-го по 4-й класс; всего 153 человека, из них 82 девочки и 71 мальчик. Измерения проводили дважды в год, в начале апреля (конец учебного года) и начале октября (начало учебного года). Каждое обследование включало оценку антропометрии и показателей сердечно-сосудистой системы (2-минутную регистрацию на приборе спироартериокардиоритмограф в положении сидя). Для оценки данных по антропометрии использованы Z-баллы и процентиль величины ИМТ. Из показателей сердечно-сосудистой системы изучены систолическое артериальное давление (АД), общая мощность (ТР) и отношение LF/HF в спектре вариабельности сердечного ритма. Для анализа сезонной вариабельности оценивали изменения (дельту) показателей между измерениями. Разделение детей на группы по величине ИМТ провели по результатам тестирования в конце 4-го класса: ниже 15-го процентиля (недостаток массы тела), от 15-го до 84-го процентиля (норма), от 85-го до 95-го процентиля (избыточная масса тела), и выше 95 процентиля (ожирение). Результаты. Обнаружено, что доля детей с избыточной массой тела и ожирением была максимальной в конце 1-го класса (28-34%), и снижалась к 4-му классу до 11-15%. Доля детей с дефицитом массы тела, наоборот, к этому возрасту достигала 44,6% у девочек и 35,7% у мальчиков. Для сезонной вариабельности ИМТ было характерно возрастание Z-баллов за учебный год и снижение за летний период, в наибольшей степени - у детей с недостатком массы тела. Сезонная вариабельность показателей сердечно-сосудистой системы проявилась как повышение АД и ТР при снижении LF/HF за учебный год, и была наиболее выражена в группе нормы. Однако значимых различий в сезонной вариабельности показателей сердечно-сосудистой системы у детей из разных групп по величине ИМТ не обнаружено. Заключение. Сезонная вариабельность показателей сердечно-сосудистой системы у детей 7-11 лет не зависит от величины ИМТ. Children are known to have significant seasonal variability in both body mass index (BMI) and some parameters of the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to analyze possible differences in the seasonal variability of cardiovascular indexes in children aged 7-11 years with various BMI values. Methods. The study included results of a 4-year dynamic monitoring of functional parameters in elementary schoolchildren (4 parallel classes) from the 1st to the 4th grade (a total of 153 students, including 82 girls and 71 boys). Measurements were performed twice a year, in early April (end of the school year) and in early October (beginning of the school year). Each examination included evaluation of anthropometry and cardiovascular indexes (2-min recording on a spiroarteriocardiorhythmograph in a sitting position). The anthropometric data were assessed with Z-scores and the BMI value percentile. The studied cardiovascular indexes included systolic blood pressure (BP), total power (TP), and the LF/HF ratio in the spectrum of heart rate variability. The seasonal variability was analyzed by changes (delta) in indexes between measurements. Children were divided into groups based on BMI values obtained in testing at the end of the 4th grade as follows: below the 15th percentile (underweight); from the 15th to 84th percentile (normal); from the 85th to 95th percentile (overweight); and above the 95th percentile (obesity). Results. The proportion of overweight and obese children was maximal at the end of the 1st grade (28-34%) and decreased by the 4th grade to 11-15%. In contrast, by this age, the proportion of underweight children reached 44.6% for girls and 35.7% for boys. The seasonal variability of BMI was characterized by an increase in Z-scores over the school year and a decrease in Z-scores over the summer period. This was most pronounced in underweight children. The seasonal variability of cardiovascular parameters was evident as increases in BP and TP and a decrease in LF/HF over the academic year and was most pronounced in the normal group. However, no significant differences in the seasonal variability of cardiovascular indexes were observed in children from different BMI groups. Conclusion. Seasonal variability of cardiovascular parameters in 7-11-year-old children does not depend on the BMI value.

scholarly journals Correlation between the accuracy and speed of hand control in primary schoolchildren and the amount of screen time

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-160
Author(s):  
Nataliya Borisovna Pankova ◽  
◽  
Irina Borisovna Alchinova ◽  
Olga Igorevna Kovalev ◽  
Marina Andreevna Lebedeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Psychomotor Skills ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Motor Test ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
Speed Accuracy ◽  
Out Of School

Introduction. The means and methods of computerized learning introduced into the education system in recent years are changing the attitude towards writing with a pen. Children are increasingly typing on a keyboard. This brings into focus research investigations aimed at identifying the possible influence of the above-mentioned type of educational activity on the indicators of psychomotor skills. The purpose of this research is to study accuracy and speed indicators of psychomotor coordination when working with hands in primary school students, depending on the amount of computer load (screen time). Materials and Methods. The study involved 4205 primary schoolchildren in grades 1-4 from 66 educational settings in Moscow (5 academic years, testing took place in October and March-April; all samples were independent). Indicators of psychomotor coordination (speed, accuracy, and smoothness of movements) when performing a motor test using "computer movement meter" (CMM) device were evaluated. The amount of lesson and out-of-school screen time was evaluated by teachers, relying on the hygiene standards: 0 points – no load, 1 point – compliance with hygiene standards, 2 points – twice exceeding the standards, 3 points – exceeding the standards by 3 or more times. Statistical data processing was performed using nonparametric criteria. Results. The research revealed the correlation between the total (lesson and out-of-school) screen time and indicators of psychomotor coordination in primary schoolchildren. The most obvious differences in psychomotor indices were found at the very beginning of school education – in October, in the 1st grade: in children with a minimum amount of computer load, the indicators of speed and accuracy were the worst. Speed indicators of psychomotor skills in groups of children (especially boys) with a high computer load have seasonal variability in the form of improvement by the end of the school year. Accurate indicators of psychomotor skills, on the contrary, with an increase in the amount of general computer load, lose variability and decrease. The smoothness of movements did not depend on the screen time. Conclusions. The identified changes in the psychomotor skills of primary school students who are active computer-users can be considered as a positive adaptive response in the form of developing new motor skills.

scholarly journals Stress resistance and adaptive capacities of cardiovascular system of graduating teenagers with different level of studying load

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 171-181
Author(s):  
Olena Khomenko ◽  
Oleh Nekhanevych ◽  
Sofiia Simonova ◽  
Yevgeniia Kovalenko ◽  
Valentin Kosse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Comprehensive School ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Autonomous Nervous System ◽  
School Students ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities

The analysis of stress resistance and adaptive reactions of cardiovascular system was conducted according to the level of heart rate variability of graduating teenagers regardless of their studying load. The survey was held in Dnipro (Ukraine) based on a method of anonymous questioning using a personally developed and standardized questionnaire. 84 teenagers that are students of the 11th form of comprehensive schools and lyceums were asked. 22 children of relevant age from different countries made up a comparison group, among them an online survey was conducted by means of similar English-language questionnaire in Google-form. The assessment of heart rate variability of 46 graduates was given, using a cloud technology of automated interpretation of ECG (PRECISE). Statistical processing was conducted using the application program Statistica 6.0 for Windows. Decreasing of stress resistance and significant violations of adaptive cardiovascular reactions in teenagers of graduating classes in Dnipro was set, especially in lyceum students as a result of insufficient rest of students. During the educational period significant violation of adaptive capabilities takes place in 65.6 % of lyceum students: exhausting of functional organism’s reserves with decline in RMSSD to (17.2±1.9) meters per second, Total power to (607.25±11.9) meters per second has been observed in half of the students. At the same time, 85.3 % of the comprehensive school students have sufficient adaptive and worse resource capacities of an organism. For the first time it was highlighted that the autonomous nervous system among the examined teenagers operates in the imbalance regime of its sympathetic and parasympathetic link with a prevalence of sympathicotonia among the 50 % of lyceum students during a recessional period, 56.3 % during an educational period, while vagotonia and eutonia prevail among the comprehensive school students, not depending on the school year period. It was found out that physical activity promoted increased body resistance to stress factors. The efficient determination of heart rhythm variability (PRECISE diagnostics) was proven to control the functional state and adaptive capabilities of graduates’ cardiovascular system.

scholarly journals Rhythmic Breath Holding and Its Effect on Arterial Blood Pressure and Its Correlation With Blood Gases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharti Bhandari ◽  
Manisha Mavai ◽  
Yogendra Raj Singh ◽  
Bharati Mehta ◽  
Omlata Bhagat
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Single Episode ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Maximum Inspiration

A single episode of breath-holding (BH) is known to elevate the blood pressure, and regular breathing exercise lowers the blood pressure. This prompted us to investigate how a series of BH epochs would affect the cardiovascular system. To observe arterial blood pressure (ABP) and heart rate (HR) changes associated with a series of “BH epochs” following maximum inspiration and maximum expiration and find the underlying mechanisms for the change by autonomic activity. Thirty-five healthy young adults were instructed to hold their breath repetitively, for 5 minutes, in two patterns, one following maximum inspiration and other following maximum expiration. ABP and ECG (for Heart Rate Variability) were continuously recorded at rest and during both the maneuvers. Capillary blood gases (BG) were zanalyzed at baseline and at the breakpoint of the last epoch of BH. ABP rose significantly at the breakpoint during both the maneuvers. No change in HR was observed. There was significant fall in PO2 from 94.7 (4.1) mmHg at baseline to 79.1 (9.0) mmHg during inspiratory and 76.90 (12.1) mmHg during expiratory BH. Similarly, SPO2 decreased from 96.3 (1.9) % at baseline to 95.4 (1.5) % and 94.5 (2.7) % during inspiratory and expiratory BH, respectively. Rise in PCO2 from 39.5(3.1) mmHg at baseline to 42.9 (2.7) mmHg and 42.1 (2.8) mmHg during inspiratory and expiratory BH respectively was observed. There was no significant correlation between blood gases and arterial blood pressure. Among HRV parameters, a significant decrease in SDNN, RMSSD, HFnu, total power and SD1/SD2 and the significant increase in LFnu, LF/HF and SD2 were observed during both BH patterns. Rhythmic BH patterns affect the cardiovascular system in similar way as a single episode of BH. Sympathetic overactivity could be the postulated mechanism for the same. © 2019 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved. Acta Med Iran 2019;57(8):492-498.

ASSESSMENT OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN WOMEN AT REST AND AFTER A STRESS TEST

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Raylyan A.L. ◽  
Galieva G.D. ◽  
Nikolaenko P.V. ◽  
Ivanova P.V.
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Stress Testing ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Adaptive Nature ◽  
Different Levels

During pregnancy, the cardiovascular system functions with an increased load. These changes are of a pronounced adaptive nature and provide optimal conditions for the transport of oxygen in the placenta and vital organs of the mother. According to domestic and foreign researchers, 20% of women during pregnancy are first diagnosed with a violation of blood pressure, which negatively affects both the health of the pregnant woman and the fetus. In this regard, for effective pre-gravidar preparation and minimizing the risks of cardiovascular complications, there is a need to develop criteria for pre-nosological diagnosis of various blood pressure disorders in women of reproductive age. The study made it possible to study the indicators of the cardiovascular system at rest and after stress testing in women with different levels of habitual motor activity. As a result, women with low and high habitual motor activity were assigned to the risk group for the development of arterial hypo - and hypertension. The results obtained are the basis for identifying criteria for prenosological diagnosis of early blood pressure disorders.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Students Meeting Components of Canada’s New 24-Hour Movement Guidelines over Time in the COMPASS Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5326 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Claire Buchan ◽  
Valerie Carson ◽  
Guy Faulkner ◽  
Wei Qian ◽  
Scott T. Leatherdale
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Sport ◽  
The Individual

This study aimed to determine if secondary school students are meeting the new Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines (24-MG), as well as each individual recommendation (physical activity; sleep; sedentary behavior) within the 24-MG, and which student-level characteristics predict meeting the 24-MG, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. This study is the first to examine longitudinal changes in students meeting the 24-MG, as well as student-level characteristics that were predictive of favourable shifts in movement patterns. Cross-sectional data were obtained for 11,793 grade 9 students across Canada as part of the COMPASS study. Of this sample, 3713 students provided linked follow-up data from grade 9 to grade 12. The probability of meeting the guidelines was modeled using two-level logistic regression analyses, adjusting for student-level co-variates and school clustering. Only 1.28% (p < 0.0001) of the sample met the overall 24-MG. Among grade 9 students, 35.9% (p < 0.0001), 50.8% (p < 0.0001), and 6.4% (p < 0.0001) were meeting the individual recommendations for physical activity, sleep, and screen time, respectively. Of those students, less than half were still meeting them by grade 12. Community sport participation was the only predictor of all three individual recommendations within the 24-MG. Longitudinal analyses found that community sport participation and parental support and encouragement were significantly associated with Grade 12 students starting to meet the physical activity and screen time recommendations, respectively, after having not met them in grade 9. Findings can be used to inform policy and public health practice, as well as to inform future research examining causal relationships between the variables.

Joint association of screen time and physical activity with anthropometric measures in Iranian children and adolescents: the weight disorders survey of the CASPIAN-IV study

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirin Djalalinia ◽  
Mostafa Qorbani ◽  
Negar Rezaei ◽  
Ali Sheidaei ◽  
Armita Mahdavi-Gorabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
National Study ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
School Students ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Iranian Children

AbstractBackground:This study aims to assess the joint association of screen time (ST) and physical activity (PA) with anthropometric indices among Iranian children and adolescents.Methods:In this national study, 23,183 school students, aged 6–18 years, were studied. By using a multi-stage cluster sampling method, they were selected from rural and urban areas of 30 provinces of Iran. ST and PA were assessed by self-administered validated questionnaires. Height, weight, hip and waist circumferences (WC) were measured according to standard protocols, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. ST of <2 h per day was categorized as “low” and ≥2 h per day as “high”. PA levels were obtained by a 7-day recall of sports or activities that made participants sweat or make their legs feel tired, or games that made them breathe heavily. Using this questionnaire, the score of 1–1.9 was categorized as “low” and scores between 2 and 5 as “high” PA. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the joint association of PA and ST categories with odds of anthropometric measures.Results:In both genders, those students categorized as “Low PA & High ST” had the highest levels of BMI z-scores (boys: 0.15±1.12, girls: 0.17±1.08), WC (boys: 69.93±13.89 cm, girls: 67.30±11.26 cm), and hip circumference (boys: 82.41±13.90 cm, girls: 84.05±13.7 cm), as well as the highest prevalence of overweight (boys: 15.32%, girls: 14.04%) (p<0.001 in all comparisons). In linear multivariate model, students with “High PA & High ST” had significant increased levels of z-scores for BMI, WC and hip circumference (p<0.05).Conclusions:The current findings underscore the importance of reducing ST along with increasing PA for prevention and control of excess weight in children and adolescents.

Psychosocial and Friend Influences on Objective Sedentary Behavior and Screen Time: A Mixed Methods Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanette M. Garcia ◽  
Alen Agaronov ◽  
John R. Sirard ◽  
Diane Whaley ◽  
David J. Rice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Mixed Methods Design ◽  
School Students ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Activity Questionnaires

Background:Sedentary behavior (SB) increases throughout adolescence, and is associated with adverse health outcomes.Purpose:Examine psychosocial and friend influences on SB and screen time in adolescents using a mixed-methods design.Methods:108 middle and high school students wore accelerometers to measure objective SB, completed screen time and psychosocial questionnaires, and nominated friends to complete activity questionnaires. Focus groups centered around influences on SB behavior. Regression analyses and NVivo software analyzed quantitative and qualitative data.Results:Screen time was associated with greater screen time enjoyment, lower self-efficacy, and friends’ screen time (r2 = .21, P < .0001). Friends influenced whether adolescents engaged in screen time behaviors, with active friends encouraging less screen time.Conclusion:Active friends influenced adolescents to engage in less SB. Interventions should place an emphasis on encouraging less screen time, and providing opportunities for adolescents and their friends to engage in activities that promote physical activity rather than SB.

Nutrition intake and physical activity in a middle school in New York City

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisol Gonzalez ◽  
Ronald Feinstein ◽  
Carina Iezzi ◽  
Martin Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Middle School ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
York City ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
School Students ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Purpose: The threat of childhood obesity has never been greater. Behavior changes implemented during childhood and adolescence are believed to be the most successful means of thwarting the progression of this epidemic. The American Academy of Pediatrics has developed a public health campaign that promotes awareness of clinical guidelines for nutrition and physical activity. The campaign is based on a concept developed by the Maine Center for Public Health referred to as “5-2-1-0 Healthy”. The simple clear message of this concept outlines steps families can take to help prevent and treat childhood obesity. The purpose of the present study is to determine the current level of compliance and health education needs of a middle school population related to the “5-2-1-0” concept. Methods: A modified version of the 2010 National Youth Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey (developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) was distributed to students at a private, nonsectarian, middle school in New York City. The school is located in the borough of Manhattan, but includes youngsters from all five boroughs of the city. The questions were grouped and analyzed according to “5-2-1-0” categories. Surveys were scored, and the association between targeted questionnaire items and demographic variables (i.e., sex and grade) was examined. Results: All 140 students completed the survey, and there was great variability in their responses to both the nutrition and physical activity questions. Of all students, 65% reported eating one cup or more of fruit daily, and 38% reported eating one cup or more of vegetables daily. There was no statistically significant difference reported in consumption of fruits or vegetables by gender or grade. Over 60% of students indicated <2 h of DVD/video or computer/video game time per day, while 10% indicated more than 3 h per day for each. A significant difference existed in the screen time reported between grades (more screen time by the older students) and a statistically significant difference also existed in the amount of physical activity reported by gender and grade (more physical activity by males and younger students). There was no difference in the reported consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages by gender or grade. Conclusion: In a cohort of middle school students in New York City, there was great variability in compliance with the principles represented by the “5-2-1-0” concept. Changes in health behaviors were noted as students went from 6th to 7th to 8th grade, with physical activity decreasing and screen time increasing. Consequently, health curriculum topics for middle school students should focus on physical activity and screen time, while continuing to emphasize the need for proper nutrition.

Speech Warm-Ups As the Means of Developing Speech-Reasoning by Primary Schoolchildren

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
N. Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
Literary Reading ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
School Students ◽  
Surrounding World ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren

The article reveals a little-known method of organizing speech workouts as a structural element of a lesson in order to form speech-reasoning. Specific examples of speech warm-ups in the lessons of literary reading and the surrounding world are given, which allow developing the skills of primary school students to construct reasoning according to the rules of this type of speech: explain, reflect, provide evidence, express their own judgments.

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