Risk factors for asthma attacks and poor control in children: a prospective observational study in UK primary care

ObjectiveTo identify risk factors for asthma attacks and poor asthma control in children aged 5–16 years.MethodsProspective observational cohort study of 460 children with asthma or suspected asthma from 10 UK general practices.Gender, age, ethnicity, body mass index, practice deprivation decile, spirometry and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were recorded at baseline. Asthma control scores, asthma medication ratio (AMR) and the number of asthma attacks were recorded at baseline and at 6 months.The above independent variables were included in binary multiple logistic regression analyses for the dependent variables of: (1) poor symptom control and (2) asthma attacks during follow-up.ResultsPoor symptom control at baseline predicted poor symptom control at 6 months (OR 4.4, p=0.001), while an increase in deprivation decile (less deprived) was negatively associated with poor symptom control at 6 months (OR 0.79, p=0.003). Higher FeNO levels (OR 1.02, p<0.001) and a recent history of asthma attacks (OR 2.03, p=0.02) predicted asthma attacks during follow-up. Asian ethnicity was associated with a lower OR for a future attack (OR 0.32, p=0.02).A decrease in AMR was also associated with an increased OR for future asthma attacks (OR 2.99, p=0.003) when included as an independent variable.ConclusionsWe identified risk factors for poor symptom control and asthma attacks in children. Routine assessment of these factors should form part of the asthma review to identify children at an increased risk of adverse asthma-related events.

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Incidence of and Risk Factors for Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis After Anterior Shoulder Instability: A US Population–Based Study With Average 15-Year Follow-up

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/2325967120962515 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 232596712096251

Author(s):

Bradley M. Kruckeberg ◽

Devin P. Leland ◽

Christopher D. Bernard ◽

Aaron J. Krych ◽

Diane L. Dahm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Shoulder Instability ◽

The United States ◽

Anterior Shoulder Instability ◽

Geographic Population ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Modifiable Factors ◽

History Of ◽

Former Smokers

Background: The rate of osteoarthritis (OA) in patients with a history of previous anterior shoulder instability (ASI) varies within the literature, with the majority of studies investigating rates after surgical stabilization. ASI appears to lead to increased rates of OA, although risk factors for developing OA in cohorts treated nonoperatively and operatively are not well-defined. Purpose: To determine the incidence of clinically symptomatic OA and identify potential risk factors for the development of OA in patients younger than 40 years with a known history of ASI. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: An established, geographically based database was used to identify patients in the United States who were younger than 40 years and were diagnosed with ASI between 1994 and 2014. Patient information, including demographic, imaging, and surgical details, was collected. Comparative analysis was performed between groups with and without OA at final follow-up as well as between patients who underwent surgical and nonsurgical management. Results: The study population consisted of 154 patients with a mean follow-up of 15.2 years (range, 5.1-29.8 years). The mean age at initial instability event was 20.9 years (95% CI, 19.9-22.0 years). Overall, 22.7% of patients developed clinically symptomatic glenohumeral OA. Multivariate analysis revealed that current or former smokers (odds ratio [OR], 4.3; 95% CI, 1.1-16.5; P = .030), hyperlaxity (OR, 10.1; 95% CI, 1.4-72.4; P = .020), laborer occupation (OR, 6.1; 95% CI, 1.02-36.1; P = .043), body mass index (BMI) (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.03-1.3; P = .012), and age at initial instability (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.02-1.2; P = .013) as potential independent risk factors when accounting for other demographic and clinical variables. Conclusion: In a US geographic population of patients younger than 40 years with ASI, approximately one-fourth of patients developed symptomatic OA at a mean follow-up of 15 years from their first instability event. When accounting for differences in patient demographic and clinical data, we noted a potentially increased risk for the development of OA in patients who are current or former smokers, have hyperlaxity, are laborers, have higher BMI, and have increased age at initial instability event. Smoking status, occupation, and BMI are modifiable factors that could potentially decrease risk for the development of symptomatic OA in these patients.

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The impact of parental risk factors on the risk of stroke in type 1 diabetes

Acta Diabetologica ◽

10.1007/s00592-021-01694-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anni Ylinen ◽

◽

Stefanie Hägg-Holmberg ◽

Marika I. Eriksson ◽

Carol Forsblom ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Parental Risk Factors ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Individuals with type 1 diabetes have a markedly increased risk of stroke. In the general population, genetic predisposition has been linked to increased risk of stroke, but this has not been assessed in type 1 diabetes. Our aim was, therefore, to study how parental risk factors affect the risk of stroke in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Methods This study represents an observational follow-up of 4011 individuals from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study, mean age at baseline 37.6 ± 11.9 years. All strokes during follow-up were verified from medical records or death certificates. The strokes were classified as either ischemic or hemorrhagic. All individuals filled out questionnaires concerning their parents’ medical history of hypertension, diabetes, stroke, and/or myocardial infarction. Results During a median follow-up of 12.4 (10.9–14.2) years, 188 individuals (4.6%) were diagnosed with their first ever stroke; 134 were ischemic and 54 hemorrhagic. In Cox regression analysis, a history of maternal stroke increased the risk of hemorrhagic stroke, hazard ratio 2.86 (95% confidence interval 1.27–6.44, p = 0.011) after adjustment for sex, age, BMI, retinal photocoagulation, and diabetic kidney disease. There was, however, no association between maternal stroke and ischemic stroke. No other associations between parental risk factors and ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke were observed. Conclusion A history of maternal stroke increases the risk of hemorrhagic stroke in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Other parental risk factors seem to have limited impact on the risk of stroke.

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Risk factors for recurrent wheezing after bronchiolitis in infants: 2-year follow up in China

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-05937-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sainan Chen ◽

Wenjing Gu ◽

Min Wu ◽

Chuangli Hao ◽

Canhong Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Independent Risk Factor ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Recurrent Wheezing ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Tnf Α ◽

History Of ◽

Outpatient Appointments

Abstract Background Infants with bronchiolitis have an increased risk of developing recurrent wheezing and asthma. However, the risk factors for the development of recurrent wheezing after bronchiolitis remains controversial. Our study was to investigate risk factors of post-bronchiolitis recurrent wheezing. Methods Infants with bronchiolitis were enrolled from November 2016 through March 2017. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtained for detection of respiratory viruses which were analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and direct immunofluorescent assay. Serum cytokines including TSLP, IL2, IL13, TIMP-1, MMP-9, IL33, IL5, IL4, IL25, TNF- α and MIP-1α were measured by flow cytometry. Patients were followed up every 3 months for a duration of 2 years by telephone or at outpatient appointments. Results We enrolled 89 infants, of which 81 patients were successfully followed up. In total, 22.2% of patients experienced recurrent wheezing episodes. The proportion of patients with history of eczema, systemic glucocorticoid use and patients with moderate-to-severe disease were significantly higher in the recurrent wheezing group than the non-recurrent wheezing group (83.3% vs 52.4%; 66.7% vs 36.5%; 61.1% vs 33.3%, respectively, all P < 0.05); There were no significant differences between patients with and without recurrent wheezing episodes in the levels of TSLP, IL2, IL13, TIMP-1, MMP-9, IL33, IL5, IL4, IL25, TNF- α and MIP-1α (P > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that history of eczema was an independent risk factor for post-bronchiolitis recurrent wheezing (odds ratio [OR] = 5.622; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3–24.9; P = 0.023). Conclusion The incidence of recurrent wheezing among infants after contracting bronchiolitis was 22.2% during a 2-year follow-up. History of eczema was the only independent risk factor identified and no correlation was found between the specific virus and disease severity in children with post-bronchiolitis recurrent wheezing.

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Increased Risk of Diabetes Mellitus Among Adult Survivors of B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2018-99-120242 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 4769-4769

Author(s):

Derek K Chang ◽

Jihye Park ◽

Yuan Wan ◽

Alison Fraser ◽

Kerry Rowe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

General Population ◽

B Cell ◽

Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Adult Survivors ◽

Cancer Stage ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of

Abstract Introduction Improvements in multi-modal therapies have increased survival rates for older adults diagnosed with B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (B-NHL). Despite this success, B-NHL survivors are at an increased risk for developing long-term and late complications of these therapies thereby compromising survival. Several studies have reported an increased risk in diabetes mellitus (DM) among long-term survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma and pediatric cancers. However, there are limited data on the risk of DM and its risk factors in older adults following treatment for B-NHL. Using data from the Utah Population Database, we evaluated the association between treatment for B-NHL and DM risk and furthermore compared this risk to a matched Utah general population. We hypothesized that the risk of DM among B-NHL survivors would be significantly increased compared to the general population. Methods Adult (age >18 years at diagnosis) survivors of primary B-NHL living in Utah at the time of diagnosis between 1997-2013, without a previous diagnosis of DM, and matched (1:4) to individuals without a prior history of DM from the Utah general population for birth year, birth state, and sex were included. New DM diagnoses were identified for all-time, 0-1, 1-5, and 5-10 years following a diagnosis of B-NHL. Adjusting for sex, race, baseline body mass index (BMI), and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores, multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of DM in B-NHL survivors compared with that in matched non-B-NHL individuals. Risk factors for DM were evaluated, including age at diagnosis, race, sex, BMI at baseline, family history of DM, cancer stage at diagnosis, and treatment modality. The risk of developing DM during all-time, 0 to 1, 1 to 5, and 5 to 10 years follow-up after adjusting for demographic variables was analyzed by age (< 40, 40-65, and >65 years) at diagnosis of B-NHL. Results The study population included 3,970 B-NHL survivors and 19,821 matched individuals from the general population. At the time of diagnosis, the majority of B-NHL patients were age 60 or greater (61.4%), had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (46%) or follicular lymphoma (26.4%), distant cancer stage (50.1%), and received chemotherapy (27.5%). DM was diagnosed in 897 (22.6%) B-NHL survivors and 3,253 (16.4%) non-B-NHL adults. The majority in both groups were male (B-NHL: 55.5%; controls: 55.5%), white (B-NHL: 97.4%; controls: 93.8%), overweight [BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2 (B-NHL: 40.7%; controls: 40.6%)] or obese [BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (B-NHL: 21.8%; controls: 18.5%)]. The risk of developing DM among B-NHL survivors compared to the control group was significantly increased over all time (HR, 1.34; 95% CI 1.24 - 1.44) and the 0 to 1 year follow-up period (HR, 1.28; 95% CI 1.15 - 1.43)(Table 1). Multivariable analysis for DM risk showed that age 40-65 years and BMI ≥25 were factors independently associated with developing DM at all-time, 0 to 1, 1 to 5, and 5 to 10 years after diagnosis of B-NHL. Male sex and a family history of DM were significantly associated with development of DM during all time, 1 to 5, and 5 to 10 year follow-up periods. Distant cancer stage at diagnosis was a significant risk factor for DM at all time and 1 to 5 years while receipt of chemotherapy only or chemotherapy with radiation were significantly associated with development of DM at 5 to 10 years after diagnosis of B-NHL (estimated aHR and CIs are shown in Table 2). There was no significant association between race and the development of DM. Conclusion Adult survivors of B-NHL have an overall significantly higher risk of developing DM in the first year and over all time following a diagnosis of B-NHL compared to the general population. Age 40 to 65 years and BMI ≥25 were significant risk factors for DM across all follow-up periods while treatment with chemotherapy only or chemotherapy with radiation significantly increased the risk of DM 5-10 years after diagnosis of B-NHL. Race did not appear to be a risk factor for DM but this result may reflect the homogeneity of our study population. These findings contribute important information to the existing literature regarding the risk of developing DM in adult B-NHL survivors and provide foundation for the development of screening and management guidelines for DM in the B-NHL survivor population. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Prevalence and risk factors of exit-site infection in incident peritoneal dialysis patients

Peritoneal Dialysis International ◽

10.1177/0896860819886965 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 164-170

Author(s):

Jianxiong Lin ◽

Hongjian Ye ◽

Jianying Li ◽

Yagui Qiu ◽

Haishan Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Mechanical Stress ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Site Infection ◽

Exit Site ◽

Exit Site Infection ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of

Background: Exit-site infection (ESI) is a common complication in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Clearly understanding the risk factors may be useful for the prevention of ESI. This study was to explore the prevalence and risk factors of ESI in incident PD patients. Methods: We evaluated ESI in incident PD patients who had catheter insertion in our center between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2013, with follow-up for 1 year. We collected data on demographics, clinical features, and nursing care methods of the exit site (ES). Results: We recruited 1133 incident PD patients (687 male (60.6%); mean age 47.0 ± 15.1 years), and 245 (21.6%) had diabetes. Median follow-up was 12.0 months. One hundred and thirty-one patients had 139 episodes of ESI with a rate of 92.8 patient-months per episode (0.13 episodes per year). Coagulase-negative staphylococcus was the main pathogen, accounting for 33.8% of the ESIs. Gram-positive rods, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, fungi, and other organisms accounted for 23.0%, 15.8%, 1.4%, 1.4%, and 2.9%, respectively. No bacterial growth was found in 15.1%. There were no differences in demographic and laboratory data (age, gender, primary kidney disease, hemoglobin, white blood cell, serum albumin, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and C-reactive protein) between the ESI and non-ESI groups. Poor competency of ES care, poor catheter immobilization, history of catheter-pulling injury, and mechanical stress on the ES were significantly associated with increased risk of ESI. Conclusions: The prevalence of ESI was 0.13 episodes per year. Poor competency of ES care, catheter mobilization, history of catheter-pulling injury, and mechanical stress by waist belt or the protective bag of PD on ES were risk factors for ESI.

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Risk factors for recurrent wheezing after bronchiolitis in infants:2-year follow up in China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-26354/v3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sainan Chen ◽

Wenjing Gu ◽

Min Wu ◽

Chuangli Hao ◽

Canhong Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Independent Risk Factor ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Recurrent Wheezing ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Tnf Α ◽

History Of ◽

Specific Virus

Abstract Background: Infants with bronchiolitis have an increased risk of developing recurrent wheezing and asthma. However, the risk factors for the development of recurrent wheezing after bronchiolitis remains controversial.Objective: To investigate the incidence of post-bronchiolitis recurrent wheezing and associated risk factors.Methods: Infants with bronchiolitis were enrolled from November 2016 through March 2017. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtained for detection of respiratory viruses which were analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and direct immunofluorescent assay. Serum cytokines including TSLP, IL2, IL13, TIMP-1, MMP-9, IL33, IL5, IL4, IL25, TNF- α and MIP-1α were measured by flow cytometry. Patients were followed every 3 months for a duration of 2 years by telephone or at outpatient appointments.Results: We enrolled 89 infants, of which 81 patients were successfully followed up. In total, 22.2% of patients experienced recurrent wheezing episodes. The proportion of patients with history of eczema, systemic glucocorticoid use and patients with moderate-to-severe disease were significantly higher in the recurrent wheezing group than the non-recurrent wheezing group (83.3% vs 52.4%; 66.7% vs 36.5%; 61.1% vs 33.3%, respectively, all P<0.05); There were no significant differences between patients with and without recurrent wheezing episodes in the levels of TSLP, IL2, IL13, TIMP-1, MMP-9, IL33, IL5, IL4, IL25, TNF- α and MIP-1α (P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that history of eczema was an independent risk factor for post-bronchiolitis recurrent wheezing (odds ratio [OR]=5.622; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3–24.9; P=0.023).Conclusion: The incidence of recurrent wheezing among infants after contracting bronchiolitis was 22.2% during a 2-year follow-up. History of eczema was the only independent risk factor identified and no correlation was found between the specific virus and disease severity in children with post-bronchiolitis recurrent wheezing.

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Risk Factors for Venous Ulcer Following ACUTE Venous Thromboembolism: Results from the Riete Registry

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v126.23.3548.3548 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 126 (23) ◽

pp. 3548-3548

Author(s):

Jean-Philippe Galanaud ◽

Laurent Bertoletti ◽

Paolo Prandoni ◽

Pedro Gallego ◽

Daniela Mastroiacovo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Board Of Directors ◽

Venous Ulcer ◽

Advisory Committees ◽

Venous Ulcers ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Male Sex ◽

One Year

Abstract Background: Venous ulcer, the most serious consequence of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), is associated with a high morbidity, impaired quality of life and high costs. To date, risk factors for venous ulcer after acute VTE have not been characterized. Objective: To identify independent predictors of venous ulcer development one year after an acute VTE event. Methods: Using data from the RIETE international registry, we analysed risk factors for venous ulcers in patients with an objectively confirmed symptomatic acute VTE (DVT and/or pulmonary embolism (PE)) and followed up for at least one year. During follow-up, signs and symptoms of CVI, occurrence of a venous ulcer in the leg ipsilateral to DVT or, in the absence of reported DVT, in any leg were reported by local investigators. Independent predictors of venous ulcers were assessed using a stepwise multivariable model. Results: Of the 34,144 patients included in the RIETE registry, 4,305 were recruited in centres participating in long-term (1 to 3 years) follow-up. Of these, 54% (n=2,337) underwent an assessment for CVI. After a mean (SD) follow-up of 383 (+/-575) days, 55% (n=1297) had signs or symptoms of CVI and 2.5% (n=59) had developed a venous ulcer. History of previous VTE (OR=4.4 [2.6 - 7.7], signs of venous insufficiency (i.e. leg varicosities) at time of VTE event (OR=2.3 [1.3 - 4.0]), diabetes (OR=2.0 [1.0 - 3.8]), obesity (OR=1.8 [1.1 - 3.2]) and male sex (OR=2.7 [1.5 - 4.9]) were independent predictors of an increased risk of venous ulcer. Conversely, older age, presence of an objectively confirmed DVT at study enrolment, anticoagulant duration (<1 vs. >1 year), anticoagulant type (extended low molecular weight heparin vs. vitamin K antagonist), or presence of vena cava filter had no significant impact on risk of venous ulcer. When restricting our analysis to the 1790 patients with objectively confirmed DVT only, results remained similar in magnitude. Proximal character of DVT was associated with a 30% non-significant increased risk of - unquestionable - post-thrombotic ulcer but the proportion of distal DVT was low in our population (11%). Conclusions: After an acute VTE event, history of VTE, pre-existing signs of CVI, male sex, diabetes and obesity independently influenced the risk of venous ulcer. VTE therapeutic management (neither duration nor drugs) did not appear to modify this risk. Our results suggest that clinicians should consider strategies aimed to prevent ulcers in high risk patients, such as preventing VTE recurrence, use of compression stockings in those with CVI and encouraging weight loss in obese patients. Disclosures Galanaud: bayer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Daichi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Bertoletti:Daichi: Honoraria; bayer: Honoraria; BMS-Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria. Monreal:Bayer: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; sanofi: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; boehringer: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; daichii: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

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Association between pregravid physical activity and family history of stroke and risk of stillbirth: population-based cohort study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017034 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. e017034

Author(s):

Grace M Egeland ◽

Grethe S Tell ◽

Øyvind Næss ◽

Jannicke Igland ◽

Kari Klungsøyr

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Family History ◽

Vigorous Activity ◽

Shortness Of Breath ◽

Light Physical Activity ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether family history of disease and pregravid lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors are associated with subsequent stillbirth delivery.DesignPrepregnancy cohort study.SettingCohort Norway regional health surveys (1994–2003) linked to Medical Birth Registry of Norway for deliveries through 2012.Participants13 497 singleton births (>22 weeks gestation) in 8478 women.Main outcome measureRisk of stillbirth evaluated by Poisson regression.ResultsMean (SD) length of follow-up was 5.5 (3.5) years. In analyses adjusting for baseline age and length of follow-up, ≥3 hours of baseline past-year vigorous physical activity per week (resulting in shortness of breath/sweating) was associated with increased risk of stillbirth compared with <1 hour/week of vigorous activity (incidence rate ratio, IRR 2.46; 95% CI 1.23 to 4.90). In contrast, baseline past-year light physical activity of ≥3 hours per week associated with reduced risk of stillbirth compared with <3 hours of light physical activity per week (IRR 0.53; 95% CI 0.30 to 0.93). A family history of stroke associated with increased risk of stillbirth delivery (IRR 2.53; 95% CI 1.06 to 6.01). Because overweight/obese women may experience shortness of breath and sweating with less physical exertion than normal weight women, a sensitivity analysis was conducted limited to women with a normal BMI (>18.5 and <25 kg/m2). Vigorous activity of ≥3 hours per week (IRR of 4.50; 95% CI 1.72 to 11.79) and a family history of stroke (IRR of 3.81; 95% CI 1.31 to 11.07) were more strongly related to stillbirth risk among women with a normal BMI than that observed for all women combined. Established risk factors also associated with stillbirth risk.ConclusionsThe study identified physical activity and family history of stroke as potential new risk factors for stillbirth delivery.

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Effect of dietary habits on the risk of metabolic syndrome: Yazd Healthy Heart Project

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980017003627 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 1139-1146 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mohammadtaghi Sarebanhassanabadi ◽

Seyed Jalil Mirhosseini ◽

Masoud Mirzaei ◽

Seyedeh Mahdieh Namayandeh ◽

Mohammad Hossein Soltani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Added Salt

AbstractObjectiveMetabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to a group of risk factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Dietary habits are among the most important risk factors for MetS. The current study aimed at assessing the effect of dietary habits on the risk of MetS in a 10-year follow-up study in central Iran.DesignCohort study.SettingYazd, Iran.SubjectsParticipants aged 20–74 years without any history of MetS, who were originally recruited for Yazd Healthy Heart Project (YHHP) during 2005–2006, were revisited during 2015–2016. At phase I of YHHP, demographic data, anthropometric measurements, five components of MetS, biochemical tests and dietary habits were evaluated; and the same data were collected in phase II.ResultsA total of 1092 participants were eligible to be included in the present study. After follow-up, the 10-year cumulative incidence of MetS was 56·1 %. After adjustment for potential confounders, increased risk of MetS (hazard ratio; 95 % CI) was found in those who did not try to control their body weight (1·57; 1·06, 2·35), did not usually eat salad (1·91; 1·22, 3·00) and added salt to their food (1·57, 1·06, 2·33). These associations were stronger in men than in the total population after subgroup analysis, but were not present in women.ConclusionsDietary habits affect the risk of MetS in the Iranian population. Lifestyle interventions are needed to improve dietary habits to reduce the risk of MetS. Future studies are highly recommended to confirm our results in other populations.

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Risk Factors of Urothelial Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10153257 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (15) ◽

pp. 3257

Author(s):

Gian Paolo Caviglia ◽

Giorgio Martini ◽

Angelo Armandi ◽

Chiara Rosso ◽

Marta Vernero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

General Population ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Urothelial Cancer ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Number Of Publications

Extraintestinal cancers are important complications in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A limited number of publications are available regarding the association between IBD and urothelial cancer. The primary outcome of our study was the comparison of the prevalence of urothelial cancer in patients with IBD with respect to the prevalence in the general population. Secondary outcomes were the assessment of risk factors for the onset of urothelial cancer in IBD. In a retrospective study we examined the medical records of all patients with a confirmed diagnosis of IBD followed in our clinic between 1978 and 2021. For each of the patients with identified urothelial cancer, more than ten patients without cancer were analyzed. Furthermore, 5739 patients with IBD were analyzed and 24 patients diagnosed with urothelial cancer were identified. The incidence of urothelial cancer, compared with the incidence in the general population, was not significantly different (0.42% vs. 0.42%; p = 0.98). Twenty-three cases were then compared (1 case was discarded due to lack of follow-up data) against 250 controls. During the multivariate analysis, smoking (odds ratio, OR = 8.15; 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.76–37.63; p = 0.007) and male sex (OR = 4.04; 95% CI = 1.29–12.66; p = 0.016) were found as risk factors. In conclusion, patients with IBD have a similar risk of developing urothelial cancer compared to the general population, but males with a history of smoking are at increased risk.

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