scholarly journals Cross-sectional study on influence of the family environment on the lifetime non-medical use of prescription drugs among Chinese adolescents in Guangdong: an analysis of sex differences

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e026758
Author(s):  
Wanxin Wang ◽  
Min Luo ◽  
Chuhao Xi ◽  
Yiling Lei ◽  
Siyuan Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Family ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Drug Problems

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess if adolescents had used any prescription drugs non-medically, to explore the associations between the family environment and non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) and to investigate whether there are any sex differences in the aforementioned associations.DesignA population-based cross-sectional study.SettingA secondary analysis of the cross-sectional data collected from high school students in Guangdong who were sampled using a multistage, stratified-cluster, random-sampling method in the 2015 School-based Chinese Adolescents Health Survey.ParticipantsA total of 21 774 students aged 12–20 years.Data analysisMultilevel logistic regression models were used to explore the univariable and multivariable relationship between family environment and NMUPD among adolescents. Adjusted ORs and corresponding 95% CI were calculated.Outcome measuresQuestions regarding to adolescent’ NMUPD (including sedative, opioid and stimulant) were surveyed in the study.ResultsA total of 6.3% students reported lifetime NMUPD in this study. The most commonly used drugs were opioids (3.9%), followed by sedatives (3.2%) and stimulants (2.5%). Multilevel analyses indicated that living arrangements, family economic status, parental relationships, parental education levels, monthly pocket money, parental drinking and drug problems were significantly correlated to the NMUPD among all students. Among boys, living arrangements, family economic status, maternal education levels, monthly pocket money, parental drinking and drug problems were significantly related to different types of NMUPD. The same factors were related to girls’ NMUPD, except for maternal education levels. Parental relationships and paternal education levels were also associated with girls’ NMUPD.ConclusionThe family environment exerts an important influence on adolescents’ NMUPD. Interventions targeted at families are highly recommended considering the negative effects of NMUPD. In addition, the child’s sex might be taken into consideration when developing and implementing preventive strategies.

scholarly journals Nutritional and socio-economic determinants of cognitive function and educational achievement of Aboriginal schoolchildren in rural Malaysia

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (7) ◽  
pp. 1100-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi ◽  
Mohammed A. Mahdy ◽  
Atiya A. Sallam ◽  
W. A. Ariffin ◽  
Abdulsalam M. Al-Mekhlafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression Model

A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among Aboriginal schoolchildren aged 7–12 years living in remote areas in Pos Betau, Pahang, Malaysia to investigate the potential determinants influencing the cognitive function and educational achievement of these children. Cognitive function was measured by intelligence quotient (IQ), while examination scores of selected school subjects were used in assessing educational achievement. Blood samples were collected to assess serum Fe status. All children were screened for soil-transmitted helminthes. Demographic and socio-economic data were collected using pre-tested questionnaires. Almost two-thirds (67·6 %) of the subjects had poor IQ and most of them (72·6 %) had insufficient educational achievement. Output of the stepwise multiple regression model showed that poor IQ was significantly associated with low household income which contributed the most to the regression variance (r2 0·059; P = 0·020). Low maternal education was also identified as a significant predictor of low IQ scores (r2 0·042; P = 0·043). With educational achievement, Fe-deficiency anaemia (IDA) was the only variable to show significant association (r2 0·025; P = 0·015). In conclusion, the cognitive function and educational achievement of Aboriginal schoolchildren are poor and influenced by household income, maternal education and IDA. Thus, effective and integrated measures to improve the nutritional and socio-economic status of rural children would have a pronounced positive effect on their education.

scholarly journals Manuscript title: Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among under-five children residing in urban slums and rural area, Maharashtra, India: a community-based cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujata Kapil Murarkar ◽  
Jayashree Sachin Gothankar ◽  
Prakash Doke ◽  
Prasad Pore ◽  
Sanjay Lalwani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
The Family

Abstract Background: Undernutrition among under five children in India is a major public health problem. Despite India’s growth in the economy, the child mortality rate due to undernutrition is still high in both urban and rural areas. Studies that focus on urban slums are scarce. Hence the present study was carried out to assess the prevalence and determinants of undernutrition.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 16 randomly selected clusters in two districts of Maharashtra state, India. Data were collected through the house to house survey by interviewing mothers of under five children. Logistic regression method was used for multivariate analysis to determine the association between the variables like sex of the child, type of family, the income of the family, birth order, exclusive breastfeeding, immunization status, ARI, diarrhea, maternal age, maternal education with outcome variables underweight, stunting and wasting.Results: Total 2929 mothers and their 3,671 under five children were covered. Prevalence of wasting, stunting and underweight were more seen in an urban slum than a rural area.Exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months was the protective factor against wasting in both rural area (Adj OR=0.35,p<0.001)and urban slum(Adj OR=0.47,p<0.05),Acute diarrhea was associated with wasting in rural area(Adj OR=0.11,p=0.001).Boys were more prone to stunting in the urban slum(Adj OR=1.77,p<0.05). Children with birth order 2 or less than 2 were more affected by stunting in the rural area (Adj OR=.11, p<0.05). The joint family acted as a protective factor against stunting in the urban slum(Adj OR=0.56,p<0.05).Whereas exclusive breastfeeding up to six months of age was seen as a protective factor against underweight in the rural area (Adj OR=0.50,p<0.05). The low income of the family has resulted in underweight children in an urban slum (Adj OR=2.16, p<0.05). Low maternal education was related to underweight in children (Adj OR=0.44, p,0.05)Conclusion: Undernutrition was related to the sex of the child, the economic status of the family, diarrhea (Past 1 month), and maternal education. Improvement of maternal education will improve the nutritional status of the child.The trial registration-This article is part of baseline data of the project, hence not related to trial registration. After baseline data principal investigator had done trial registration retrospectively.

scholarly journals Ethnic Variation and its Association with Malaria Awareness: A Cross-sectional Study in the East Nusa Tenggara Province (Indonesia)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robertus Dole Guntur ◽  
Jonathan Kingsley ◽  
Fakir M A Islam
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Ethnic Variation ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Logistic Regression Method

Objectives: This study aims to investigate ethnic variation and its association with malaria awareness in the East Nusa Tenggara Province (ENTP), Indonesia. Methods: A community–based cross–sectional study was conducted upon 1495 adults recruited by multi –stage cluster random sampling technique. A malaria awareness related questionnaire was used to collect data alongside a malaria awareness index (MAI). A logistic regression method was applied to quantify the strength of associations of factors associated with the awareness index. Results: Of total participants, 33% were from Manggarai, 32.3% were from Atoni, 30.2% from Sumba ethnicity. The level of MAI was significantly different between these groups with the highest in Manggarai ethnicity (65.1%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 59.9 — 70.3) and the lowest in Sumba ethnicity (35%, 95% CI: 27.6 — 42.4). The most prominent factors influencing the MAI in Sumba and Manggarai ethnicity were education level, whilst it was socio–economic status (SES) in Atoni ethnicity. The level of MAI was significantly higher for adults with diploma or above education level (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 21.4, 95% CI: 3.59 — 127.7- for Manggarai; AOR: 6.94, 95% CI: 1.81 — 26.6 for Sumba). The level of MAI was significantly higher for adults living in high SES in Atoni (AOR 24.48, 95% CI: 8.79 — 68.21). Conclusions. Poorer education levels and low SES were more prominent factors contributing to lower levels of MAI in rural ENTP. Interventions should focus on improving malaria awareness to these groups to support the national commitment of the Indonesian government to achieve a malaria elimination zone by 2030.

scholarly journals Determinants of child malnutrition in rural and urban Ecuadorian highlands

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 2122-2130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johana Ortiz ◽  
John Van Camp ◽  
Sylviana Wijaya ◽  
Silvana Donoso ◽  
Lieven Huybregts
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Sociodemographic Determinants ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Maternal Bmi

AbstractObjectiveTo identify and compare the sociodemographic determinants of stunting, wasting and overweight among infants of urban and rural areas in the Ecuadorian highlands.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingNabon (rural) and Cuenca (urban) cantons, Azuay Province, Ecuador.SubjectsA total of 703 children aged 0–24 months and their caregivers (227 rural and 476 urban) recruited during the period from June to September 2008.ResultsStunting prevalence was significantly higher in the rural area (37·4 %v. 17·7 %;P< 0·001) while wasting (7·1 %) and overweight (17·1 %) prevalence were more similar between areas. Determinants of stunting for the pooled sample were male gender (OR = 1·43; 95 % CI 1·06, 1·92;P= 0·02), preterm delivery (OR = 1·65; 95 % CI 1·14, 2·38;P= 0·008), child's age (OR = 1·04; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·07;P= 0·011), maternal education (OR = 0·95; 95 % CI 0·92, 0·99;P= 0·025) and facility-based delivery (OR = 0·57; 95 % CI 0·45, 0·74;P< 0·001). The latter was also a determinant of overweight (OR = 0·39; 95 % CI 0·25, 0·62;P< 0·001). Rural determinants of stunting were maternal height (OR = 0·004; 95 % CI 0·00004, 0·39;P= 0·018), diarrhoea prevalence (OR = 2·18; 95 % CI 1·13, 4·21;P= 0·02), socio-economic status (OR = 0·79; 95 % CI 0·64, 0·98;P= 0·030) and child's age (OR = 1·07; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·11;P= 0·005). Urban determinants were: maternal BMI for stunting (OR = 0·91; 95 % CI 0·84, 0·99;P= 0·027), cough prevalence (OR = 0·57; 95 % CI 0·34, 0·96;P= 0·036) and facility-based delivery (OR = 0·25; 95 % CI 0·09, 0·73;P= 0·011) for overweight, and hygiene for wasting (OR = 0·57; 95 % CI 0·36, 0·89;P= 0·013).ConclusionsInfant malnutrition was associated with different sociodemographic determinants between urban and rural areas in the Ecuadorian highlands, a finding which contributes to prioritize the determinants to be assessed in nutritional interventions.

scholarly journals Relation between parental Educational Style and level of adaptation of minors at social risk

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-3018
Author(s):  
Josefina Rodríguez Góngora ◽  
María del Carmen Pérez-Fuentes ◽  
José Jesús Gázquez Linares
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Social Maladjustment ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Adaptation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
School Maladjustment

As a result of the growing number of minors with disruptive behavior and adaptation problems, more research is being published focusing on the analysis of aspects that influence the onset of these problems. Thus, the main goal of this work is to analyze the relation between parental Educational Style and the Level of Adaptation (Personal, Family, and Social) in minors at social risk. For this purpose, a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out, with a sample made up of 17 families, selected as a function of the children's age (between 11 and 15 years), with a total of 31 fathers/mothers and 17 minors. The results show low levels of personal and school adaptation, dissatisfaction with the family environment, and educational discrepancies, both in the minors' perception and in the parents' styles. Minors' school maladjustment is related to a Permissive Educational Style in the mother, whereas the minors were dissatisfied with their siblings and displayed Personal Maladjustment when the mother employed a Democratic Educational Style. However, when the parents employ an Authoritarian Educational Style, a greater presence of Personal and Social Maladjustment is observed in their children.

scholarly journals Predictors of Child Labour Among In-School Adolescents in a Rural Local Government Area in Oyo State, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Adegbenro ◽  
O.F. Opasina ◽  
F.O. Fehintola ◽  
S.A. Olowookere
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Family ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Daunting Challenge

Background: Child labour continues to be a daunting challenge worldwide. Child labour contradicts the intrinsic value Africans place on children. Objective: The study determined the prevalence and predictors of child labour. Subjects: in-school adolescents aged 10-14 years Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study design. The data was collected using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire on child labour, school attendance, and academic performance. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: About 31.5% of the 660 participants had ever been engaged in child labour while 24.2% were currently engaged. The types of child labour the respondents were involved in included shop trading (85.0%) and street hawking (76.3%). Most employers of child labour were parents (85.0%) and the majority (71.3%) were unpaid. Few respondents involved in child labour had good attendance record (14.2%) and good academic performance (10.6%). The predictors of child labour include mothers lower education (OR=8.786, 95%CI= 3.589-21.508, p<0.0001), having more than three children in the family (OR=2.488, 95%CI=1.403-4.425, p=0.002) and loss of parents (OR=1.7, 95%CI=1.059-2.755, p=0.028). Conclusion: Child labour was prevalent among in-school adolescents. It negatively influences school attendance and academic performance. It is necessary to discourage child labour through community sensitization and improving the socio-economic status of parents.

scholarly journals Nutritional status of underfive children of less privileged families in Medan

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Indra B. Hutagalung ◽  
Bangun Lubis ◽  
Ridwanto Ridwanto ◽  
Hakimi Hakimi ◽  
Endang D. Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Family

A cross sectional study was done on 94 under five children taken from Keluarga Pra-sejahtera (pre-prosperous family=-pre-PF) and Keluarga Sejahtera Tahap-1 (prosperous family phase-I=PF-I) in the East Medan subdistrict, municipality of Medan in period of August 1995 up to February 1996. The aim of the study was to measure nutritional status of under five children in both groups. There were 94 under five children in group of ore-PF and 94 under five children in group of PF-l. It was found that the nutritional status of both groups was significantly different. Significant difference was also noted when they were classified according to father's occupational status and father's education level. However when they were grouped according to maternal education, number of children in the family, and occurrence of disease in the previous month no significant difference was detected.

Association of Social Support and Family Environment with Cognitive Function in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Wang ◽  
Zhi-Kai Yang ◽  
Xiu-Mei Sun ◽  
Yun Du ◽  
Yi-Fan Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immediate Memory ◽  
Neuropsychological Status ◽  
The Family

Background Cognitive impairment (CI) is a common phenomenon and predictive of high mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. This study aimed to analyze the association of social support and family environment with cognitive function in PD patients. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of PD patients from Peking University First Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University. Global cognitive function was measured using the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS), executive function was measured by the A and B trail-making tests, and other cognitive functions were measured by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. Social support was measured with the Social Support Scale developed by Xiaoshuiyuan and family environment was measured with the Chinese Version of the Family Environment Scale (FES-CV). Results The prevalence of CI and executive dysfunction among the 173 patients in the study was, respectively, 16.8% and 26.3%. Logistic regression found that higher global social support (odds ratio [OR] = 1.09, 1.01 – 1.17, p = 0.027) and subjective social support predicted higher prevalence of CI (OR = 1.13, 1.02 – 1.25, p = 0.022), adjusting for covariates. Analyses of the FES-CV dimensions found that greater independence was significantly associated with better immediate memory and delayed memory. Moreover, higher scores on achievement orientation were significantly associated with poorer language skills. Conclusions Our findings indicate that social support is negatively associated with the cognitive function of PD patients and that some dimensions of the family environment are significantly associated with several domains of cognitive function.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study on menstrual hygiene practices among school going adolescent girls (10-19 years) of Government Girls Inter College, Saifai, Etawah

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandini Gupta ◽  
Peeyush Kariwala ◽  
Anand M. Dixit ◽  
Parag Govil ◽  
Mahima . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Absorbent Material ◽  
Menstrual Hygiene ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
School Based ◽  
The Family

Background: Menstrual hygiene is a key concern of adolescent health. Females spend around six to seven years of their lives menstruating. Still the menstrual hygiene management (MHM) is mostly neglected. Menstrual hygiene is a taboo; even females are uncomfortable discussing and educating their daughters about this topic. To understand the problem faced by females during menstruation specially in their adolescent age this study was conducted. This study was done to find out knowledge about menstrual hygiene, to study hygiene related practices among school going adolescent girls of Government Girls Inter College (GGIC), Saifai, Etawah.Methods: School based cross-sectional study was undertaken among the adolescent school going girls of GGIC, who were purposively selected. All girls of between the age group of 10 19 years who have attained menarche were selected and the sample size came out to be 212.Results: The mean age of attainment of menarche was 13.17 years with majority of girls having no idea about menstruation before menarche (76.4%). 48.6% girls used only sanitary pads as the absorbent material. It was concluded that there is significant association between the absorbent material used and the socio-economic status of the family (p=0.03173).Conclusions: There is a need of accurate and adequate information about menstruation and its effective management. The restrictions which are imposed on girls during menstruation should be understood and dealt in a proper way. Thus this study was conducted. 

scholarly journals Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian BBLR (Berat Badan Lahir Rendah) di Asia dan Afrika

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Fitratur Rahmah Agustina ◽  
Diah Mulyawati Utari
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Maternal Nutritional Status ◽  
The Family

According to WHO, 20 million babies born every year experience LBW, and 96.5% of them occur in developing countries. This study aims to analyze the factors associated with LBW events. The design of this study is literature review. The articles collected are grouped according to the following inclusion criteria: 1) is a cross sectional study; 2) respondents are children aged 0-59 months; 3) research locations in Asia or Africa. The results of the study show that the sex of the child has a significant relationship with LBW in India, Indonesia, Afghanistan, Armenia, Cambodia, Jordan and Tanzania. Mothers aged ≥ 35 years are more at risk of giving birth to LBW babies in Armenia, Cambodia, Jordan, Nepal, Pakistan, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Burkina Faso, Ghana and Senegal. Mother's education has a significant relationship with LBW in Oman, Afghanistan, Armenia, India, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Jordan, Burkina Faso, Malawi, Senegal, Uganda, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. Occupational mothers have a significant relationship with LBW only in Nepal, and Pakistan. Maternal nutritional status (IMT) has a significant relationship with LBW events in India, Cambodia, Nepal, Pakistan, Jordan, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Malawi, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. Pregnancy complications have a relationship with LBW only in Indonesia, and Oman. The number of parities has a significant relationship with LBW in Indonesia, Armenia, Cambodia, Nepal, Pakistan, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. The number of ANC attendees has a significant relationship with LBW in India, Nepal, Pakistan, Jordan, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. The economic status of the family was found to have relations with LBW in Afghanistan, Armenia, Indonesia, Cambodia, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Jordan, Tanzania and Zimbabwe.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document