scholarly journals Predictors of Child Labour Among In-School Adolescents in a Rural Local Government Area in Oyo State, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Adegbenro ◽  
O.F. Opasina ◽  
F.O. Fehintola ◽  
S.A. Olowookere
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Family ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Daunting Challenge

Background: Child labour continues to be a daunting challenge worldwide. Child labour contradicts the intrinsic value Africans place on children. Objective: The study determined the prevalence and predictors of child labour. Subjects: in-school adolescents aged 10-14 years Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study design. The data was collected using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire on child labour, school attendance, and academic performance. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: About 31.5% of the 660 participants had ever been engaged in child labour while 24.2% were currently engaged. The types of child labour the respondents were involved in included shop trading (85.0%) and street hawking (76.3%). Most employers of child labour were parents (85.0%) and the majority (71.3%) were unpaid. Few respondents involved in child labour had good attendance record (14.2%) and good academic performance (10.6%). The predictors of child labour include mothers lower education (OR=8.786, 95%CI= 3.589-21.508, p<0.0001), having more than three children in the family (OR=2.488, 95%CI=1.403-4.425, p=0.002) and loss of parents (OR=1.7, 95%CI=1.059-2.755, p=0.028). Conclusion: Child labour was prevalent among in-school adolescents. It negatively influences school attendance and academic performance. It is necessary to discourage child labour through community sensitization and improving the socio-economic status of parents.

PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH EARLY MARRIAGE IN CHIPULUKUSU TOWNSHIP OF NDOLA, ZAMBIA:cross sectional study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satiel Banda
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Lower Education Level ◽  
Lower Education

BACKGROUND In the statistics taken from media brief on ending child marriage in Zambia, (2014) states, “Zambia is the third highest country with cases of child marriages in the SADC region and 19th in the world. In Zambia, about 42 per cent of women aged 20-24 years are married by the age of 18 – a rate that has not evolved since 2002. The rates of child marriages vary from province to province, and are as high as 60 per cent in the Eastern Province. (www.girlsnotbrides.org.) accessed on 20th November 2014. At 13.42) The ZDHS [Zambia Demographic Health Survey] indicates that among married girls aged 15-19 in Zambia, 68 percent have already given birth. In addition, most of the births occurring to girls before age 18 are first births (85 percent), and a majority of these first births occur within marriage. A Central Statistical Office (CSO) report of 2010 carried out by Plan Zambia indicates that “only a few adolescent girls and boys complete upper primary education while the enrolment ratio in secondary education is 13.4% for males and 12.9% for females.” The report concludes that child marriage is the critical driver for this state of affairs. OBJECTIVE This study is aimed at determining the prevalence and factors associated with child marriage in Chipulukusu township of Ndola. Zambia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Chipulukusu Township within the location of Ndola. A pretest questionnaire was used to collect information on child marriage prevalence and factors towards the practice of child marriage and other relevant socio-demographic characteristics. RESULTS the prevalence of early marriage in Chipulukusu township of Ndola district, Zambia was 20.7 % with it being significantly associated with lower social economic status (poverty), lower education level, orphanhood and teen pregnancies CONCLUSIONS the prevalence of early marriage in this study was high. Its prevalence was significantly associated with people of poor backgrounds (poverty), teen pregnancies, lower education level, and orphan hood.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study on influence of the family environment on the lifetime non-medical use of prescription drugs among Chinese adolescents in Guangdong: an analysis of sex differences

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e026758
Author(s):  
Wanxin Wang ◽  
Min Luo ◽  
Chuhao Xi ◽  
Yiling Lei ◽  
Siyuan Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Family ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Drug Problems

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess if adolescents had used any prescription drugs non-medically, to explore the associations between the family environment and non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) and to investigate whether there are any sex differences in the aforementioned associations.DesignA population-based cross-sectional study.SettingA secondary analysis of the cross-sectional data collected from high school students in Guangdong who were sampled using a multistage, stratified-cluster, random-sampling method in the 2015 School-based Chinese Adolescents Health Survey.ParticipantsA total of 21 774 students aged 12–20 years.Data analysisMultilevel logistic regression models were used to explore the univariable and multivariable relationship between family environment and NMUPD among adolescents. Adjusted ORs and corresponding 95% CI were calculated.Outcome measuresQuestions regarding to adolescent’ NMUPD (including sedative, opioid and stimulant) were surveyed in the study.ResultsA total of 6.3% students reported lifetime NMUPD in this study. The most commonly used drugs were opioids (3.9%), followed by sedatives (3.2%) and stimulants (2.5%). Multilevel analyses indicated that living arrangements, family economic status, parental relationships, parental education levels, monthly pocket money, parental drinking and drug problems were significantly correlated to the NMUPD among all students. Among boys, living arrangements, family economic status, maternal education levels, monthly pocket money, parental drinking and drug problems were significantly related to different types of NMUPD. The same factors were related to girls’ NMUPD, except for maternal education levels. Parental relationships and paternal education levels were also associated with girls’ NMUPD.ConclusionThe family environment exerts an important influence on adolescents’ NMUPD. Interventions targeted at families are highly recommended considering the negative effects of NMUPD. In addition, the child’s sex might be taken into consideration when developing and implementing preventive strategies.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study on menstrual hygiene practices among school going adolescent girls (10-19 years) of Government Girls Inter College, Saifai, Etawah

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandini Gupta ◽  
Peeyush Kariwala ◽  
Anand M. Dixit ◽  
Parag Govil ◽  
Mahima . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Absorbent Material ◽  
Menstrual Hygiene ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
School Based ◽  
The Family

Background: Menstrual hygiene is a key concern of adolescent health. Females spend around six to seven years of their lives menstruating. Still the menstrual hygiene management (MHM) is mostly neglected. Menstrual hygiene is a taboo; even females are uncomfortable discussing and educating their daughters about this topic. To understand the problem faced by females during menstruation specially in their adolescent age this study was conducted. This study was done to find out knowledge about menstrual hygiene, to study hygiene related practices among school going adolescent girls of Government Girls Inter College (GGIC), Saifai, Etawah.Methods: School based cross-sectional study was undertaken among the adolescent school going girls of GGIC, who were purposively selected. All girls of between the age group of 10 19 years who have attained menarche were selected and the sample size came out to be 212.Results: The mean age of attainment of menarche was 13.17 years with majority of girls having no idea about menstruation before menarche (76.4%). 48.6% girls used only sanitary pads as the absorbent material. It was concluded that there is significant association between the absorbent material used and the socio-economic status of the family (p=0.03173).Conclusions: There is a need of accurate and adequate information about menstruation and its effective management. The restrictions which are imposed on girls during menstruation should be understood and dealt in a proper way. Thus this study was conducted. 

scholarly journals Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian BBLR (Berat Badan Lahir Rendah) di Asia dan Afrika

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Fitratur Rahmah Agustina ◽  
Diah Mulyawati Utari
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Maternal Nutritional Status ◽  
The Family

According to WHO, 20 million babies born every year experience LBW, and 96.5% of them occur in developing countries. This study aims to analyze the factors associated with LBW events. The design of this study is literature review. The articles collected are grouped according to the following inclusion criteria: 1) is a cross sectional study; 2) respondents are children aged 0-59 months; 3) research locations in Asia or Africa. The results of the study show that the sex of the child has a significant relationship with LBW in India, Indonesia, Afghanistan, Armenia, Cambodia, Jordan and Tanzania. Mothers aged ≥ 35 years are more at risk of giving birth to LBW babies in Armenia, Cambodia, Jordan, Nepal, Pakistan, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Burkina Faso, Ghana and Senegal. Mother's education has a significant relationship with LBW in Oman, Afghanistan, Armenia, India, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Jordan, Burkina Faso, Malawi, Senegal, Uganda, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. Occupational mothers have a significant relationship with LBW only in Nepal, and Pakistan. Maternal nutritional status (IMT) has a significant relationship with LBW events in India, Cambodia, Nepal, Pakistan, Jordan, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Malawi, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. Pregnancy complications have a relationship with LBW only in Indonesia, and Oman. The number of parities has a significant relationship with LBW in Indonesia, Armenia, Cambodia, Nepal, Pakistan, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. The number of ANC attendees has a significant relationship with LBW in India, Nepal, Pakistan, Jordan, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. The economic status of the family was found to have relations with LBW in Afghanistan, Armenia, Indonesia, Cambodia, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Jordan, Tanzania and Zimbabwe.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic determinants of morbidities in infancy: a cross sectional study in urban field practice area of MRMC, Kalaburagi

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1859
Author(s):  
Faraha Naaz ◽  
S. R. Nigudgi ◽  
Shreeshail Ghooli
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Family ◽  
Field Practice ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: The first few years of life is the most crucial period of life as this age is known for accelerated growth and development. Various studies in India have shown that respiratory and gastrointestinal tract infections are the leading cause of morbidity in infants. These infectious diseases are affected by several sociodemographic factors such as birth weight, gestational age, birth order, immunization status, day care attendance and socio-economic status of the family.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in the urban field practice area of department of community medicine MRMC, Kalaburagi from June 2016-October 2016. House to house survey using pre-structured and pretested questionnaire method was done.Results: Out of 104 infants in the present study it was found that majority 53% were females and 49% were males. Majority 61.5% of the infants belonged to low socioeconomic class and majority 54.8% of them were from nuclear families, most 62.5% of the infants had 1-2 siblings in the family and 34.6% had no siblings, 51% of the mothers were illiterate and majority 54.8% of the fathers were literate. Among all the morbidities majority 36.50% had fever. No significant association was found between various social factors.Conclusions: Though no significant association was found between morbidity and socio-demographic factors, but the socio demographic factors which showed more prevalence of morbidity among infants were females, number of siblings in the family and lower socio economic class. As these infants are the future citizens of the country hence their health should be the utmost priority for us and their health needs should be properly addressed.

scholarly journals Gambaran Distress pada Mahasiswa Preklinik Tahun Ketiga Fakultas Kedokteran

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Hardisman Hardisman ◽  
Dian Pertiwi
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Cumulative Grade Point Average

Background: Learning process in medical school is a big stressor for the students. Many researchers have reported higher distress and related psychological health problems in medical students than in general population and non-medical students. This study explored how distress affects Indonesian medical students in FMAU, and its association with academic performance and demographic factors.Method: Cross sectional study was conducted on 185 subjects in the third year medical student of FMAU between April-May 2013. Level of stress was measured using Indonesian version of General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), with Liker scale indicator (distress is when the score is >15). Demographic variables such as gender, source of finance, and economic status were assessed in the study. Academic performance was measured by cumulative Grade Point Average (GPA) and last semester GPA. Analyses were done using SPSS.Results: This study identified 35.7% of students were in distress, with average GHQ-12 score 13.42+SD4.97. No association was found between admission pathway, academic performance and distress. However, the study revealed that female students had higher risk of distress (p<0.05).Conclusion: Risk of distress is relatively high in medical students. However, there is no association between demographic factors, academic performance and distress. Further research needs to be conducted to explore risk factors that cause distress of medical students in Indonesian context.  

A study on the Relationship of the weight pattern with the socioeconomic status among adolescents school going children in an Indian Metropolitan City

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-323
Author(s):  
Samar Hossain ◽  
Sharma Priyanka ◽  
Talib Hossain ◽  
Surendra Mohan Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Development Levels

Objective: The last two decades have witnessed an increase in health care costs due to obesity and related issues among children and adolescents. Childhood obesity is a global phenomenon affecting all socio-economic groups, irrespective of age, sex or ethnicity. The study was done to find the the prevalence of obesity and overweight and their association with socioeconomic status (SES) and the risk factors. Materials and Methods: School based cross sectional study carried out over a period of 4 months in three schools of East Delhi. The study was carried out in 629 school children of 10–18 years of age and belonging to different socioeconomic statuses in schools in East Delhi. The obesity and overweight were considered using an updated body mass index reference. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to determine the Socio-economic status and life style factors. Results: The prevalence of overweight among children was higher in middle socioeconomic status groups as compared to high socioeconomic class in both boys and girls whereas the prevalence of obesity was higher in high Socio economic status group as compared to middle socioeconomic group. The prevalence of obesity as well as overweight in low SES group was the lowest as compared to other group. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the prevalence of overweight and obesity varies remarkably with different socioeconomic development levels.

FOOD CONSUMPTION OF CHILDREN AGED 1 TO 5 IN PHUOC VINH WARD, HUE CITY BY 24 HOURS FOOD RECORDING

2015 ◽  
pp. 153-161
Author(s):  
Thi Bach Yen Hoang ◽  
Thi Hai Pham ◽  
Dinh Tuyen Hoang ◽  
Thi Huong Le ◽  
Van Thang Vo
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Consumption Survey ◽  
Food Consumed

Food consumption survey is an essential parts of nutrition surveys. It helps to determine the type and quantity of food consumed, assessing the balance of the diet, the relationship between nutrient intake and health, diseases, and economic status, culture society... There are many methods to investigate food consumption. 24-hour food record is a method that record all food consumed by the subject during previous 24 hours. Using this method in chidren helps to assess the their diet to see if it responses the demand in order to have proper nutrition. Objectives: 1. Calculating the number of each food groups consumed within 24 hours of children 1 to 5 years in Phuoc Vinh ward, Hue City; 2. Assessing the quality of their diet and some related factors. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was implemented on 200 pairs of children aged 1 to 5 and parents or caregivers living in Phuoc Vinh ward, Hue city and some related factors. Results: 82% of the children’s diets covered 4 food groups. Prevalence of glucide, protein, lipide out of the total energy intake were 44.1%, 19.5%, 36.3% respectively within group of 12-<48 months and 50%, 19.5%, 30.6% respectively within group of 48-<72 months. Total energy and protein intake were higher than demanded (p <0.05) while glucide and lipide were lower than demanded (p <0.05). Economical status of family was significant associated with variety of food (all 4 food groups) in the diet of children (p <0.05) and total energy consumed (p <0.05). Conclusion: The children did not have proper nutrition so further research need to be implemented to have suitable interventions. Key words: 24 hours food records, children aged 1 to 5, Hue city.

scholarly journals Prevalence of dysmenorrhoea, associated risk factors and its relationship with academic performance among graduating female university students in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e043814
Author(s):  
Mesfin Tadese ◽  
Andargachew Kassa ◽  
Abebaw Abeje Muluneh ◽  
Girma Altaye
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
University Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

ObjectivesThe study aimed to provide an association between dysmenorrhoea and academic performance among university students in Ethiopia. Further, the study attempts to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of dysmenorrhoea.Design and methodInstitution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 April to 28 April 2019. A semistructured and pretested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Binary logistic regression analysis and one-way analysis of variance were performed to model dysmenorrhoea and academic performance, respectively.Setting and participantsEthiopia (2019: n=647 female university students).OutcomesThe primary outcome is dysmenorrhoea, which has been defined as painful menses that prevents normal activity and requires medication. The self-reported cumulative grade point average of students was used as a proxy measure of academic performance, which is the secondary outcome.ResultsThe prevalence of dysmenorrhoea was 317 (51.5%). The educational status of father (adjusted OR (AOR) (95% CI) 2.64 (1.04 to 6.66)), chocolate consumption (AOR (95% CI) 3.39 (95% 1.28 to 8.93)), daily breakfast intake (<5 days/week) (AOR (95% CI) 0.63 (0.42 to 0.95)), irregular menstrual cycle AOR (95% CI) 2.34 (1.55 to 3.54)) and positive family history of dysmenorrhoea AOR (95% CI) 3.29 (2.25 to 4.81)) had statistically significant association with dysmenorrhoea. There was no statistically significant difference in academic performance among students with and without dysmenorrhoea (F (3611)=1.276, p=0.28)).ConclusionsDysmenorrhoea was a common health problem among graduating University students. However, it has no statistically significant impact on academic performance. Reproductive health officers should educate and undermine the negative academic consequences of dysmenorrhoea to reduce the physical and psychological stress that happens to females and their families.

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