B Part of It School Leaver protocol: an observational repeat cross-sectional study to assess the impact of a meningococcal serogroup B (4CMenB) vaccine programme on carriage ofNeisseria meningitidis

IntroductionInvasive meningococcal disease is uncommon but associated with a high-case fatality rate. Carriage prevalence of the causative bacteria,Neisseria meningitidis, is high in adolescents. A large (n=34 500) cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT) to assess the impact of a meningococcal B (MenB) vaccine on meningococcal carriage was implemented in the state of South Australia (SA) for year 10, 11 and 12 senior school students in 2017–2018. This study will assess the impact of MenB vaccine (4CMenB) on carriage prevalence in school leavers in SA, 1 and 2 years after implementation of the cluster RCT in adolescents. Measuring the impact of population programmes on carriage can assist in informing future meningococcal immunisation programmes such as targeted age groups and use of catch-up campaigns.Methods and analysisThis repeat cross-sectional study will assess carriage prevalence in 2018 and 2019. All school leavers who attended year 12 in any school in SA in 2018 or 2019 will be invited to participate in this study. An oropharyngeal swab will be taken from each participating student and a risk factor questionnaire completed by the student following informed consent. Students will attend clinics at SA universities, technical colleges, and metropolitan, rural and remote government council clinics. Confirmed vaccination history will allow a comparison in carriage prevalence between vaccinated and unvaccinated school leavers. A sample size of 4096 students per year will provide 80% power to detect a 20% difference in carriage prevalence of disease-causing meningococci (defined as genogroup A, B, C, W, X or Y) between years.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Women’s and Children’s Health Network Human Research Ethics Committee. Results will be published in international peer review journals and presented at national and international conferences.Trial registration numberNCT03419533; Pre-results

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Fasting and Postprandial Triglycerides Across Older Adulthood: A Cross-sectional Study

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa040_066 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 66-66

Author(s):

Kara Poindexter ◽

Christina Sciarrillo ◽

Janice Hermann ◽

Sam Emerson

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Valuable Insight ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Total N ◽

Older Adulthood ◽

Postprandial Triglycerides ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact

Abstract Objectives Elevated postprandial triglycerides (TG) are a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although some evidence suggests that older adults exhibit greater postprandial TG than younger adults, it is unknown how postprandial lipid tolerance changes across the spectrum of older adulthood. This cross-sectional study examines postprandial TG responses across the spectrum of aging, as well as factors that may modify this response. Methods We are recruiting individuals into four age categories (age 50–59, 60–69, 70–79, 80–89 years), with an equal number of participants and sex distribution in each group. Participants undergo body composition testing via bioelectrical impedance analysis and complete a 130-item food frequency questionnaire. Participants return to the lab after a 10-hour fast and blood is drawn both before and 4 hours after consumption of a high-fat meal (9 kcal/kg body mass; 73% fat, 26% CHO) to determine fasting and postprandial TG. Results Thirty participants (50’s: n = 12; 60’s: n = 11; 70’s: n = 4; 80’s: n = 3) have completed the study (total N = 60). There was no difference (P = 0.52) in BMI across age groups (50’s: 29.5 ± 5.4 kg/m2; 60’s: 29.1 ± 5.5 kg/m2; 70’s: 25.9 ± 3.8 kg/m2; 80’s: 26.1 ± 1.6 kg/m2). There was also no difference (P = 0.68) in body fat (BF%) across age groups (50’s: 37.5 ± 7.2%; 60’s: 39.53 ± 7.0%; 70’s: 43.6 ± 8.2%; 80’s: 39.5 ± 18.1%). Similarly, there was no difference (P = 0.76) in fasting TG across age groups (50’s: 98.8 ± 40.6 mg/dL; 60’s: 117.9 ± 83.3 mg/dL; 70’s: 105.3 ± 39.7 mg/dL; 80’s: 79.7 ± 31.7 mg/dL), nor was there a difference (P = 0.74) in 4-hr TG (50’s: 162.3 ± 70.8 mg/dL; 60’s: 187.5 ± 105.5 mg/dL; 70’s: 181.8 ± 89.6 mg/dL; 80’s: 130.7 ± 55.1 mg/dL). Lastly, there was no difference (P = 0.16) in fruit and vegetable (FV) intake (50’s: 4.4 ± 1.9 servings/day (s/d); 60’s: 8.2 ± 5.5 s/d; 70’s: 6.2 ± 4.6 s/d; 80’s: 7.9 ± 2.4 s/d). Conclusions At this point in the study, it cannot be concluded that there is a significant difference in fasting or postprandial TG across aging strata, possibly due to no differences in BMI, BF%, or FV intake. When complete, this study will provide valuable insight with regard to the impact of aging and other lifestyle factors on postprandial lipemia and subsequent CVD risk. Funding Sources This project is funded by the Donna Cadwalader Research and Development Grant.

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Rural Telemedicine Use Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Repeated Cross-sectional Study

Journal of Medical Internet Research ◽

10.2196/26960 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. e26960

Author(s):

Cherry Chu ◽

Peter Cram ◽

Andrea Pang ◽

Vess Stamenova ◽

Mina Tadrous ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Rural Populations ◽

Care Utilization ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Rural And Remote ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

The Impact ◽

Rural Patients

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a notable increase in telemedicine adoption. However, the impact of the pandemic on telemedicine use at a population level in rural and remote settings remains unclear. Objective This study aimed to evaluate changes in the rate of telemedicine use among rural populations and identify patient characteristics associated with telemedicine use prior to and during the pandemic. Methods We conducted a repeated cross-sectional study on all monthly and quarterly rural telemedicine visits from January 2012 to June 2020, using administrative data from Ontario, Canada. We compared the changes in telemedicine use among residents of rural and urban regions of Ontario prior to and during the pandemic. Results Before the pandemic, telemedicine use was steadily low in 2012-2019 for both rural and urban populations but slightly higher overall for rural patients (11 visits per 1000 patients vs 7 visits per 1000 patients in December 2019, P<.001). The rate of telemedicine visits among rural patients significantly increased to 147 visits per 1000 patients in June 2020. A similar but steeper increase (P=.15) was observed among urban patients (220 visits per 1000 urban patients). Telemedicine use increased across all age groups, with the highest rates reported among older adults aged ≥65 years (77 visits per 100 patients in 2020). The proportions of patients with at least 1 telemedicine visit were similar across the adult age groups (n=82,246/290,401, 28.3% for patients aged 18-49 years, n=79,339/290,401, 27.3% for patients aged 50-64 years, and n=80,833/290,401, 27.8% for patients aged 65-79 years), but lower among younger patients <18 years (n=23,699/290,401, 8.2%) and older patients ≥80 years (n=24,284/290,401, 8.4%) in 2020 (P<.001). There were more female users than male users of telemedicine (n=158,643/290,401, 54.6% vs n=131,758/290,401, 45.4%, respectively, in 2020; P<.001). There was a significantly higher proportion of telemedicine users residing in relatively less rural than in more rural regions (n=261,814/290,401, 90.2% vs n=28,587/290,401, 9.8%, respectively, in 2020; P<.001). Conclusions Telemedicine adoption increased in rural and remote areas during the COVID-19 pandemic, but its use increased in urban and less rural populations. Future studies should investigate the potential barriers to telemedicine use among rural patients and the impact of rural telemedicine on patient health care utilization and outcomes.

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Influenza and morbidity and mortality risk in patients in Mexico with systemic arterial hypertension alone or with comorbidities: a retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study from 2014 to 2020

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057225 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. e057225

Author(s):

Alejandrina Malacara-Villaseñor ◽

Hermes Ilaraza-Lomeli ◽

Roberto Tapia-Conyer ◽

Elsa Sarti

Keyword(s):

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Influenza Vaccination ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Systemic Arterial Hypertension ◽

The Impact

ObjectivesIn Mexico, patients with systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) are excluded from the influenza vaccination programme despite their risk of cardiovascular events as influenza-related complications. We investigated the impact of influenza on morbidity and mortality in patients with SAH.DesignThis was a retrospective cross-sectional study that analysed data from early 2014 to mid-2020.SettingData were obtained from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance System in Mexico database.Participants32 663 cases of influenza in people aged ≥20 years with a confirmed case of influenza-like illness, severe respiratory infection and/or influenza death were investigated.Primary and secondary outcome measuresInfluenza deaths, hospitalisation frequency and the impact on hospitalisation and/or death due to influenza by the SAH variate alone and in combination with diabetes, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease and/or smoking, and by vaccination status were assessed.ResultsThe hospitalisation frequency increased with age. Notably, 46.0% (15 033/32 663) of confirmed influenza cases had at least one comorbidity, with SAH (19.2%; 6260/32 663) and obesity (18.7%; 6106/32 663) being the most prevalent. Most confirmed SAH cases (80.8%; 5057/6260) were in those who had not been vaccinated against influenza. There were 3496 deaths due to influenza (mortality rate, 0.69×1 00 000 inhabitants), with the highest rates seen in those aged ≥80 years (80–89 years, 2.0%; ≥90 years, 3.6%). The case fatality rate due to influenza and SAH was significantly higher than those due to influenza without SAH in those aged <50 years, but not in the other age groups (20–29 years, 9.8%, p<0.0005; 30–39 years, 8.2%, p<0.035; 40–49 years, 17.8%, p<0.0005; vs 15.1%–20.0%, p=0.31–0.99 for those aged ≥50 years).ConclusionsOur findings support the need to include SAH in public policies of influenza vaccination as a secondary prevention measure to avoid fatal outcomes.

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B Part of It protocol: a cluster randomised controlled trial to assess the impact of 4CMenB vaccine on pharyngeal carriage ofNeisseria meningitidisin adolescents

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020988 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. e020988 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Helen S Marshall ◽

Mark McMillan ◽

Ann Koehler ◽

Andrew Lawrence ◽

Jenny M MacLennan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

School Level ◽

School Students ◽

Notification Rate ◽

Cluster Randomised ◽

Randomised Controlled ◽

The Impact ◽

Carriage Prevalence

IntroductionSouth Australia (SA) has the highest notification rate of invasive meningococcal disease in Australia with the majority of cases due to serogroup B.Neisseria meningitidisis carried in the pharynx, with adolescents having the highest rates of carriage. A vaccine designed to offer protection against serogroup B (4CMenB) is licensed in Australia. The SA MenB vaccine carriage study aims to assess the impact of 4CMenB on carriage ofN. meningitidisin adolescents.Methods and analysisThis is a parallel cluster randomised controlled trial enrolling year 10, 11 and 12 school students (approximately 16–18 years of age) throughout SA, in metropolitan and rural/remote areas. Schools are randomised to intervention (4CMenB vaccination at baseline) or control (4CMenB vaccination at study completion) with randomisation stratified by school size and socioeconomic status, as measured by the Index of Community Socio-Educational Advantage (Australian Curriculum). Oropharyngeal swabs will be taken from all students at visit 1, and 12 months later from year 11 and 12 students. Students unvaccinated in 2017 will receive vaccine at the 12-month follow-up. Carriage prevalence ofN. meningitidiswill be determined by PCR at baseline and 12 months following 4CMenB vaccination and compared with carriage prevalence at 12 months in unvaccinated students. A questionnaire will be completed at baseline and 12 months to assess risk factors associated with carriage. The primary outcome of carriage prevalence of disease causingN. meningitidisat 12 months will be compared between groups using logistic regression, with generalised estimating equations used to account for clustering at the school level. The difference in carriage prevalence between groups will be expressed as an OR with 95% CI.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Women’s and Children’s Health Network Human Research Ethics Committee (WCHN HREC). The protocol, informed consent forms, recruitment materials, social media and all participant materials have been reviewed and approved by the WCHN HREC and updated on ClinicalTrials.gov. Results will be published in international peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences. The study findings will be provided in public forums and to study participants and participating schools.Trial registration numberACTRN12617000079347.NCT03089086; Pre-results.

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The impact of the use of a footrest on the quality of chest compressions. A prospective, randomized, cross-sectional study

Postępy Nauk Medycznych ◽

10.25121/pnm.2018.31.3.133 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Jolanta Majer ◽

Sandra Pyda ◽

Jerzy Robert Ladny ◽

Antonio Rodriguez-Nunez ◽

Lukasz Szarpak

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chest Compressions ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Impact

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CONCENTRATION OF THE SERUM TGF-BETA1 IN HEALTHY ADULT PEOPLE

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2014.4_5.12 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 90-93

Author(s):

Van Tuan Nguyen ◽

Tam Vo ◽

Bui Bao Hoang

Keyword(s):

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Healthy Adult ◽

Age Groups ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Healthy People ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Transforming Growth Factor Beta1 ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

And Gender

Elevated serum Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) levels have been linked to tissue fibrosis including chronic kidney disease. Objectives: (1) Investigate serum TGF-beta1 levels in healthy adult people and (2) Examined the relation between serum TGF-beta1 level and gender, age, body mass index (BMI). Method: A cross-sectional study. TGF-beta1 were quantified by ELISA. Results: Levels of serum TGF-beta1 in healthy people were 13,45 ± 7,17 ng/mL mL (0,59 - 33,10 ng/mL). There are no difference of serum TGF-beta1 levels between men and women, between the age groups (<40 years, 40 to < 60 years and ≥ 60 years), between BMI groups < 23 and BMI group ≥ 23. Key words: TGF-beta1, healthy people

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The Prevalence of Insecticide Treated Net/malaria :cross section study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.16825 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Chanda Chalela

Keyword(s):

Study Design ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Malaria Prevalence ◽

Malaria Patient ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Itn Use ◽

Structured Questionnaire

BACKGROUND ABSTRACT Introduction a study on prevalence of ITN use was carried out in Buchi community Kitwe Zambia from August to October 2019 OBJECTIVE Prevalence of ITN in BUchi METHODS Methodology: This was a cross sectional study design. A structured questionnaire was used to ascertain ownership and utilization and oral interviews, 200 households were targeted 844 individual covered across the 200 households. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 23. RESULTS ABSTRACT Introduction a study on prevalence of ITN use was carried out in Buchi community Kitwe Zambia from August to October 2019 Methodology: This was a cross sectional study design. A structured questionnaire was used to ascertain ownership and utilization and oral interviews, 200 households were targeted 844 individual covered across the 200 households. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 23. Findings: household ownership of at least an ITN was 52% and individual utilization at 37.6%, with 0.825 ITN/households and 0.195ITN /individual. Malaria prevalence of 52.4% /household and a 12.4% of the population. With 47.6% malaria patient coming from households with ITN and 60% of households with ITN have insufficient coverage.61% of malaria patient were female and 31 % male. however there was no significant relation between Gender and malaria prevalence in study area (p value was >0.05). Malaria cases distribution with age groups, 0-15yrs old represented 49.5%, 16-30 yrs., was at 27.6% and the over 30 yrs. case were at 22.9% .use of other preventive measures 23% used mosquito repellent ,others methods 1% with those not using any other methods 76%. CONCLUSIONS Conclusion The study showed clearly that malaria still poses a problem .the prevalence rate of malaria was still high 12.4% of the population and 52.4% of households. With high prevalence of malaria of 49.5% for 0-15yrs.the difference between ownership 52% and Utilization 37.6% showed that even household with ITN, the ITN were not sufficient.60% of households with ITN, the ITN were not sufficient for all occupants

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Impact of Community-Led Total Sanitation and Hygiene on Prevalence of Diarrheal Disease and Associated Factors among Under-Five Children: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study in Selected Woredas of Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Advances in Public Health ◽

10.1155/2020/8237101 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Agune Ashole Alto ◽

Wanzahun Godana ◽

Genet Gedamu

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Diarrheal Disease ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Sanitation And Hygiene ◽

The Impact ◽

Gamo Gofa

Background. Diarrheal diseases are still one of the major causes of morbidity in under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia, diarrhea is responsible for 9% of all deaths and is the major cause of under-five mortality. Objective. To assess the impact of community-led total sanitation and hygiene on the prevalence of diarrheal disease and factors associated among under-five children in Gamo Gofa Zone. Methods. Community-based comparative cross-sectional study design was used to compare the impact of community-led total sanitation and hygiene intervention on under-five diarrheal disease. Multistage sampling method was employed. The data were collected by using pretested structured questionnaires. Data quality was ensured by daily supervision completeness and consistency. The data were coded, entered, and cleaned by using Epi Info version 7 and were analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were carried out by using binary logistic regression. Significance was declared by using p value of <0.05 and AOR with 95% confidence intervals. Results. The response rate of this study was 93.3%. The overall diarrhea prevalence was 27.5% (CI = (24.06, 30.97)) which was 18.9% (CI = (14.94, 23.2)) in implemented and 36.2%. (CI = (30.41, 41.59)) in nonimplemented woredas. Children whose age was between 12 and 23 months (AOR = 1.6) and greater than 24 months (AOR = 5), availability of handwashing facilities (AOR = 4), disposal of waste in open field (AOR = 9.7), unimproved source of drinking water (AOR = 6.5), using only water for handwashing (AOR = 6), children who started complementary feeding less than 6 months (AOR = 5.6) and greater than 6 months (AOR = 5.2), and utensils used to feed children such as bottle (AOR = 3.9) were the factors positively associated with diarrhea. Conclusion. The overall prevalence of under-five diarrhea was 27.5%. The prevalence was low in CLTSH woredas as compared with non-CLTSH woredas. The study showed that handwashing facility, using only water for handwashing, open refuse disposal, and unimproved source of drinking water among under-five had a statistically significant association with diarrhea occurrence in CLTSH nonimplemented areas. Integrated efforts are needed from the Ministry of Health together with the WASH Project in improving drinking water, handwashing facilities, and solid waste disposal practices.

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