Physical-mental multimorbidity in children and youth: a scoping review

ObjectiveEfforts to describe the current state of research are needed to advance the field of physical-mental multimorbidity (ie, the co-occurrence of at least one physical illness and at least one mental disorder) among children and youth. Our objective was to systematically explore the breadth of physical-mental multimorbidity research in children and youth and to provide an overview of existing literature topics.DesignScoping review.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of four key databases: PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Scopus as well as a thorough scan of relevant grey literature. We included studies of any research design, published in English, referring to physical-mental multimorbidity among children and youth aged ≤18 years. Studies were screened for eligibility and data were extracted, charted and summarised narratively by research focus. Critical appraisal was employed using the modified Quality Index (QI).ResultsWe included 431 studies and 2 sources of grey literature. Existing research emphasises the co-occurrence of anxiety, mood and attention disorders among children with epilepsy, asthma and allergy. Evidence consists of mostly small, observational studies that use cross-sectional data. The average QI score across applicable studies was 9.1 (SD=1.8).ConclusionsThere is a pressing need for more robust research within the field of child physical-mental multimorbidity.

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Formative peer assessment in higher healthcare education programmes: a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045345 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. e045345

Author(s):

Marie Stenberg ◽

Elisabeth Mangrio ◽

Mariette Bengtsson ◽

Elisabeth Carlson

Keyword(s):

Education Research ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Critical Appraisal ◽

Peer Assessment ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Research Centre ◽

Healthcare Education ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Constructive Feedback ◽

Pertinent Data

ObjectivesFormative peer assessment focuses on learning and development of the student learning process. This implies that students are taking responsibility for assessing the work of their peers by giving and receiving feedback to each other. The aim was to compile research about formative peer assessment presented in higher healthcare education, focusing on the rationale, the interventions, the experiences of students and teachers and the outcomes of formative assessment interventions.DesignA scoping review.Data sourcesSearches were conducted until May 2019 in PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Education Research Complete and Education Research Centre. Grey literature was searched in Library Search, Google Scholar and Science Direct.Eligibility criteriaStudies addressing formative peer assessment in higher education, focusing on medicine, nursing, midwifery, dentistry, physical or occupational therapy and radiology published in peer-reviewed articles or in grey literature.Data extractions and synthesisOut of 1452 studies, 37 met the inclusion criteria and were critically appraised using relevant Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, Joanna Briggs Institute and Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool tools. The pertinent data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultThe critical appraisal resulted in 18 included studies with high and moderate quality. The rationale for using formative peer assessment relates to giving and receiving constructive feedback as a means to promote learning. The experience and outcome of formative peer assessment interventions from the perspective of students and teachers are presented within three themes: (1) organisation and structure of the formative peer assessment activities, (2) personal attributes and consequences for oneself and relationships and (3) experience and outcome of feedback and learning.ConclusionHealthcare education must consider preparing and introducing students to collaborative learning, and thus develop well-designed learning activities aligned with the learning outcomes. Since peer collaboration seems to affect students’ and teachers’ experiences of formative peer assessment, empirical investigations exploring collaboration between students are of utmost importance.

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The Current State of Relationship Science: A Cross-Disciplines Review of Key Themes, Theories, Researchers and Journals

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships ◽

10.1177/02654075211047638 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 026540752110476

Author(s):

Jennifer A Sharkey ◽

Jacqueline S Feather ◽

Sonja Goedeke

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Scientific Knowledge ◽

Interdisciplinary Research ◽

Romantic Relationship ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Theory Development ◽

Current State ◽

Relationship Processes ◽

State Of Research ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

This article provides a circumscribed descriptive analysis of the current state of research worldwide related to adult romantic relationship processes and their underlying mechanisms. A scoping review was used to gather data. This yielded 15,418 eligible articles from 1,687 different academic journals. From these, we outline key themes and theories arising in the last seven decades and note the most prolific journals and authors. The study of relational wellbeing has focused on overt behaviors such as communication and commitment, on underlying attitudes and motives such as empathy and contempt, and on substrates and circumstances such as neurobiological functioning and life stressors. The results reveal the strong interdisciplinary research underpinnings of the field of relationship science and show up key influences over its expansion. Results are intended to give an overview of key peer reviewed research that has contributed to the development of current scientific knowledge and theory development in this field.

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Sport Events for Sport Participation: A Scoping Review

Frontiers in Sports and Active Living ◽

10.3389/fspor.2021.655579 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Author(s):

Georgia Teare ◽

Marijke Taks

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Sport Participation ◽

Database Search ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Manual Search ◽

Current State ◽

Research Designs ◽

Sport Events ◽

Study Context

Research on sport participation impacts from sport events has been sporadic. This scoping review assesses the current state of literature that addresses impacts, legacies, and leveraging of sport events for sport participation outcomes and the gaps in terms of study context and research designs. Two systematic approaches of article identification were performed: a traditional database search and a systematic manual search. Studies on sport participation outcomes from events mainly focused on mega sport events and adult populations, with the majority employing cross-sectional data and quantitative methods. The use theoretical of frameworks is limited and inconsistent. There is a need for longitudinal investigations, as well as more focus on youth populations, participant events, and smaller-sized events to advance the research agenda for sport participation outcomes from sport events.

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Probiotic supplementation in well children: A scoping review

Journal of Child Health Care ◽

10.1177/1367493519864750 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 386-401 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nicola Irwin ◽

Deborah Davis ◽

Marian Currie

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Critical Appraisal ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Probiotic Supplementation ◽

Perceived Efficacy ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Scoping Reviews ◽

Critical Appraisal Tool ◽

Appraisal Tool

Probiotic supplements have been suggested as therapy for a range of health problems in children. This article aims to map the literature around probiotic use in well children, with a focus on prevalence. Using a scoping review methodology, we searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, HealthSource and SAGE, as well as Google and MedNar for grey literature, in July 2018. We followed the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews and used the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool to assess articles for quality. Seven studies including a total of 24,742 children were identified. The prevalence of probiotic use ranged from 4% to 51%. The most common predictors of use were parental probiotic use, and higher maternal education and income. Only one small study reported the strains of probiotics used. Neither the reasons for using probiotics, nor parental perceptions of efficacy were adequately explored. Most parents obtained their information about probiotics from the Internet or family members. Despite the number of children in the community reported to have used probiotics, there are few well-designed and/or well-reported studies of prevalence, and inadequate data concerning the strains of probiotics used, reasons for their use and their perceived efficacy.

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Sedentary Behavior Research in the Chinese Population: A Systematic Scoping Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17103576 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (10) ◽

pp. 3576 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ran Bao ◽

Si-Tong Chen ◽

Yanlei Wang ◽

Jun Xu ◽

Lei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Longitudinal Studies ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Chinese Population ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Journal Articles ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Measurement Tools ◽

Clinical Populations

Background: The negative effects of sedentary behavior (SB) on public health have been extensively documented. A large number of studies have demonstrated that high prevalence of SB is a critical factor of all-cause mortality. Globally, the frequency of SB research has continued to rise, but little is known about SB in the Chinese population. Therefore, this review was conducted to scope the research situation and to fill the gaps related to the effects of SB in the Chinese population. Methods: Using a scoping review based on York methodology, a comprehensive search of published journal articles and grey literature was carried out through 12 databases. The literature research was conducted by two authors in July 2019, and included journal articles that targeted on the Chinese population were published between 1999 and 2019. The two authors screened the records independently and included those research topics related to SB in the Chinese population. Results: The number of included studies increased from 1 to 29 per year during the analyzed period, during which, a remarkable climb happened from 8 in 2013 to 19 in July 2019. Out of the 1303 screened studies, a total of 162 studies (81 English and 81 Chinese journal articles) met the inclusion criteria in this review. Most of the included studies (66.0%) reported the overall estimated prevalence of SB, in which, 43.2% of studies reported the average time of SB, and 40.0% of studies reported the cutoff point of SB. Besides this, 54.9% and 23.5% of studies focused on the outcomes and correlates/determinants of SB, and the proportions of studies based on testing the validation of measurement tools and on interventions were 3.7% and 4.9%, respectively. Nearly all of the reviewed articles used data from cross-sectional studies (75.9%) and longitudinal studies (13.6%), while intervention trials are less developed. The majority of the studies (64.8%) used self-reported surveys, and only 3.7% studies used device-based measurement tools. Furthermore, 35.8% of the included studies were focused on children and adolescents, while only a few studies investigated infants/toddlers and older adults. Both female and male were examined in most studies, and non-clinical populations were investigated in the context of SB in a relatively large number of studies. Conclusions: The number of research articles on SB in the Chinese population published per year has increased year by year, indicating a growing interest in this research area. More studies using population subgroup samples are needed, particularly among infants/toddlers, older adults, and clinical populations. To provide stronger evidence of the determinants and outcomes of SB, longitudinal studies using device-based measures of SB are required.

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A Review of Genetic Algorithms Applied to Optimizing Maintenance Strategy of Bridges

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.2437 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 374-377 ◽

pp. 2437-2441

Author(s):

Jing Mei Bian ◽

Quan Bai ◽

Qing Hua Shi

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

Decision Making ◽

Genetic Algorithms ◽

Search Algorithms ◽

Evolutionary Search ◽

Maintenance Strategy ◽

Research Focus ◽

Current State ◽

Bridge Maintenance ◽

State Of Research

Abstract:Along with the fast increasing of maintenance demand, the problems associated with maintenance and reinforcement decision-making for deteriorating bridges such as maintenance strategy optimization have been present research focus. The solutions to these problems have inspired a considerable amount of research, one particular area being the application of evolutionary search algorithms such as the genetic algorithm (GA). This paper begins with a brief overview of bridge maintenance strategy optimization followed by a review of the current state of research in applying evolutionary techniques to solving this problem.

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Allergies to Titanium Dental Implants: What Do We Really Know about Them? A Scoping Review

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology9110404 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 404

Author(s):

Rubén Comino-Garayoa ◽

Jorge Cortés-Bretón Brinkmann ◽

Jesús Peláez ◽

Carlos López-Suárez ◽

Jose María Martínez-González ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Implants ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Real Possibility ◽

Current State ◽

Electronic Search ◽

Literature Searches ◽

Scoping Reviews ◽

Titanium Dental Implants

The purpose of this scoping review was to describe the current state of knowledge and understanding of allergies to titanium dental implants. A scoping review was conducted following the Prisma Extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. An electronic search was performed in five databases complemented by manual and grey literature searches. Fifty-two relevant papers were included for final review. Titanium particles can be released from the surfaces of dental implants in a process called tribocorrosion, which may contribute to bone loss due to inflammatory reaction. Diverse mechanisms have been described that may trigger allergy to titanium, as well as the clinical signs that manifest as the allergy develops. Allergies to titanium are uncommon but represent a real possibility that should not be overlooked in patients requiring prosthodontic rehabilitation with dental implants. Allergy can trigger a range of symptoms. Patients who have already been diagnosed with allergies to other metals will be more predisposed to suffering an allergy to titanium. Further investigation is needed in order to measure the true scope of these allergies.

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Concussion Education in Children and Youth: A Scoping Review

SAGE Open Nursing ◽

10.1177/2377960820938498 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 237796082093849

Author(s):

Scott Ramsay ◽

Susan Dahinten

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Educational Interventions ◽

Children And Youth ◽

Health Concern ◽

Current State ◽

Sustained Effects ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

Concussion Knowledge ◽

Significant Health ◽

Concussion Education

Introduction Sports-related concussions in children and youth are a significant health concern. There is increasing literature pertaining to levels of knowledge about concussion and the effects of educational interventions, but the literature has not yet been synthesized for the subpopulation of children and youth. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to identify and summarize the current state of the literature on concussion knowledge, and the effect of concussion education on the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of children and youth who engage in sports. Methods A scoping review was conducted, guided by Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Two databases, MEDLINE and CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), and reference lists were searched to identify relevant studies that focused on children and youth less than 19 years of age who engage in sports. We also searched Google Scholar for gray literature. Results Of the 21 articles that met inclusion criteria, 15 focused on levels of concussion knowledge, and 6 examined the effects of educational interventions. Children and youths’ level of knowledge and exposure to prior concussion education varied, although more of the studies found a lack of concussion knowledge. Educational interventions of various types have been associated with short-term increases in knowledge and intention to report, but few of the studies found sustained effects. Conclusions Findings highlight the need for improved concussion education for children and youth engaged in sports. Findings also indicate a need for further research using more rigorous methods, and studies that examine subgroup differences in knowledge and factors that may moderate the effects of educational interventions.

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Pediatric Hand Fracture Referring Practices: A Scoping Review

Plastic Surgery ◽

10.1177/2292550319876659 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 340-347 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rebecca L. Hartley ◽

Anna R. Todd ◽

Alan R. Harrop ◽

Frankie O. G. Fraulin

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hand Fractures ◽

Study Selection ◽

Primary Care Education ◽

Hand Fracture ◽

Study Designs

Background: Pediatric hand fractures are common, but few require surgery; therefore, these fractures are often perceived to be overreferred. Our objective is to systematically identify and describe pediatric hand fracture referring practices. Method: A scoping review was performed, searching electronic databases and grey literature up to January 2018 to identify referring practices for children (17 years and younger) with hand fractures (defined as radiographically confirmed fractures distal to the carpus) to hand surgeons. All study designs were included, and study selection and data extraction were independently performed in duplicate by 2 reviewers. Outcomes included referring rates, necessity of referral, referring criteria, and management of fractures. Results: Twenty (10 cross-sectional, 7 prospective cohorts, and 3 narrative reviews) studies reporting on referring practices or management of 21,624 pediatric hand fractures were included. Proportion of pediatric hand fractures referred to hand surgeons ranged from 6.5% to 100%. Unnecessary referral, defined as those fractures within the scope of primary care management, ranged from 27% to 78.1%. Ten studies reported referring criteria, with 14 unique criteria identified. The most common referring criteria were displacement (36.4%), loss of joint congruity (36.4%), and instability (36.4%). The most common justification for these criteria was increased likelihood of requiring surgery. The most common initial management was immobilization (66%-100%). Final management was provided by orthopedic or plastic hand surgeons with 0% to 32.9% of fractures requiring surgery. Conclusion: Referring practices vary widely in the literature. Major gaps in the literature include objective measures and justification for referring criteria and primary care education on hand fracture referring practices.

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Factors Influencing the Implementation of Patient Navigation Programs for Adults with Complex Needs: A Scoping Review of the Literature

Health Services Insights ◽

10.1177/11786329211033267 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 117863292110332

Author(s):

Kristina M Kokorelias ◽

Jessica E Shiers-Hanley ◽

Jorge Rios ◽

Amanda Knoepfli ◽

Sander L Hitzig

Keyword(s):

Social Services ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Patient Navigation ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Model Of Care ◽

Complex Needs ◽

Current State ◽

Improve Access ◽

Optimal Implementation ◽

The Continuum

Patient navigation is a model of care that aims to improve access to care by reducing the complexity of navigating health, education, and social services across the continuum of care and care settings. Little is known about the processes that facilitate or impede the implementation of patient navigation programs (PNPs). We conducted a scoping review to identify and summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the implementation and outcomes of existing implemented PNPs. We employed a 6-stage scoping review framework to identify and review eligible articles. Sixty-articles met the inclusion criteria (58 peer-reviewed and 2 grey literature). The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research served as the theoretical framework during analysis to help extract factors relevant to implementation of navigator programs. Results of the scoping review are reported thematically. Influences on implementation were identified: (a) planning to ensure alignment with organizational need (b) funding (c) multidisciplinary engagement (d) establishing workflow (e) mechanisms for communication (f) stakeholders to encourage buy-in (g) appropriate caseload (h) in kind resources. PNPs improve the experiences of patients and families. The findings of this scoping review provides implementation considerations of PNPs across global care settings. Strategies for overcoming pragmatic and logistical issues must be developed for optimal implementation.

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