scholarly journals Impact of income and eating speed on new-onset diabetes among men: a retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e048855
Author(s):  
Reiko Ishihara ◽  
Akira Babazono ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Reiko Yamao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Income Differences ◽  
Diabetes Onset ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Eating Fast ◽  
New Onset

ObjectiveTo examine the impact of income and eating speed on new-onset diabetes among men.DesignThis was a retrospective cohort study.SettingWe used the administrative claims and health check-up data for fiscal years 2010–2015 obtained from the Fukuoka branch of the Japan Health Insurance Association.ParticipantsParticipants were 15 474 non-diabetic male employees, aged between 40 and 74 years. They were categorised based on their eating speeds (ie, fast, normal and non-fast).Primary and secondary outcome measuresTo calculate the OR of the development of diabetes, we created generalised linear regression models with diabetes onset as the dependent variable and eating speed and income as covariates and calculated corresponding 95% CI values. The analyses were performed after adjusting the data for age, obesity and comorbidities.ResultsOf the total participants, 620 developed diabetes during the 5-year study period. A univariate analysis using the generalised linear regression model revealed that eating fast (OR: 1.35, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.55) and having a low income wereincome (OR: 1.47, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.74) were significantly associated with the onset of diabetes. After adjusting for age, obesity and comorbidities, both eating fast (OR: 1.17, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.35) and having a low income (OR: 1.24, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.50) were recognised as independent risk factors for diabetes onset.ConclusionsThe study revealed that eating fast and having a low income were independent risk factors, leading to the development of diabetes. While it is difficult to address income differences, it may be possible to address the factors that contribute to income differences to manage diabetes appropriately and at low healthcare costs. However, eating speed can be controlled. Hence, the provision of education and coaching on dietary habits, including eating speed, may be effective in preventing diabetes onset.

scholarly journals Predictors of Infliximab Refractory Intestinal Behçet’s Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort Study from the Shanghai Behçet’s Syndrome Database

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua-fang Bao ◽  
Cheng-cheng Hou ◽  
Bo Ye ◽  
Jun Zou ◽  
Dan Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Behçet’S Syndrome ◽  
Behçet's Syndrome ◽  
Behcet’S Syndrome ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Behcet's Syndrome

ABSTRACT Objectives This retrospective cohort study aimed to find out predictors and early biomarkers of Infliximab (IFX) refractory Intestinal Behçet’s Syndrome (intestinal BS). Methods We collected the baseline clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters and concomitant therapies of intestinal BS patients treated by IFX from the Shanghai Behçet’s syndrome database. After 1-year IFX therapy, intestinal BS patients with non-mucosal healing (NMH, intestinal ulcers detected by colonoscopy) and/or no clinical remission [NCR, scores of the disease activity index for intestinal Behçet’s disease (DAIBD) ≥ 20] was defined as IFX refractory intestinal BS. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the predictors for NMH and NCR in IFX refractory intestinal BS. Results In 85 intestinal BS patients, NMH was identified in 29 (34.12%) patients, and NCR was confirmed in 20 (23.53%) patients. ESR (≥ 24mm/h) and fT3 (≤ 3.3pmol/L) were the independent risk factors of NMH in IFX refractory intestinal BS. Drinking alcohol and the fT3/fT4 ratio (≤ 0.24) were independent risk factors, and thalidomide was an independent protective factor, for NCR in intestinal BS patients treated by IFX. Conclusion This study may be applicable for adjusting the therapeutic strategy and sidestepping unnecessary exposure to IFX in intestinal BS patients. Routine assessments of ESR, fT3 and fT3/fT4 ratio are helpful to identify high-risk individuals of IFX refractory intestinal BS. Thalidomide is suggested to be a concomitant therapy with IFX for intestinal BS patients.

scholarly journals Renal dysfunction and prognosis of COVID-19 patients: a hospital-based retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Xian Xiang ◽  
Ying Xiang ◽  
Jun Fei ◽  
Zheng Xu ◽  
Ling Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Abstract Introduction: Increasing evidence indicate that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is companied by renal dysfunction. However, the association of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced renal dysfunction with prognosis remains unclear.Materials and methods: This prospective case-cohort study analyzed 154 COVID-19 patients from the Second People’s Hospital of Fuyang City in Anhui Province. Clinical and demographic information were collected. Renal function was evaluated and its prognosis was followed up. Results: Of 154 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, 125 were common and 29 were severe patients. On admission, 16 (10.4%) patients were with renal dysfunction. Serum creatinine and cystatin C were increased, eGFR was decreased in severe patients compared with those in common patients. Renal dysfunction was more common in severe patients. By multivariate logistic regression, male, higher age and hypertension were three importantly independent risk factors of renal dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. Follow-up study found that at least one renal function marker of 3.33% patients remained abnormal in two weeks after discharge. Conclusion: Male elderly COVID-19 patients with hypertension elevates the risk of renal dysfunction. SARS-CoV-2-induced renal dysfunction are not fully recovered in two weeks after discharge.

scholarly journals Fatality and risk features for prognosis in COVID-19 according to the care approach – a retrospective cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248869
Author(s):  
Mariano Andrés ◽  
Jose-Manuel Leon-Ramirez ◽  
Oscar Moreno-Perez ◽  
José Sánchez-Payá ◽  
Ignacio Gayá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Academic Center ◽  
Care Approach ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
The Impact

Introduction This study analyzed the impact of a categorized approach, based on patients’ prognosis, on major outcomes and explanators in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia in an academic center in Spain. Methods Retrospective cohort study (March 3 to May 2, 2020). Patients were categorized according to the followed clinical management, as maximum care or limited therapeutic effort (LTE). Main outcomes were all-cause mortality and need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Baseline factors associated with outcomes were analyzed by multiple logistic regression, estimating odds ratios (OR; 95%CI). Results Thirty-hundred and six patients were hospitalized, median age 65.0 years, 57.8% males, 53.3% Charlson index ≥3. The overall all-cause fatality rate was 15.0% (n = 46). Maximum care was provided in 238 (77.8%), IMV was used in 38 patients (16.0%), and 5.5% died. LTE was decided in 68 patients (22.2%), none received IMV and fatality was 48.5%. Independent risk factors of mortality under maximum care were lymphocytes <790/mm3, troponin T >15ng/L and hypotension. Advanced age, lymphocytes <790/mm3 and BNP >240pg/mL independently associated with IMV requirement. Conclusion Overall fatality in the cohort was 15% but markedly varied regarding the decided approach (maximum care versus LTE), translating into nine-fold higher mortality and different risk factors.

scholarly journals High body mass index is a significant risk factor for the progression and prognosis of imported COVID-19: a multicenter, retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Cai ◽  
Lisha Yang ◽  
Yingfeng Lu ◽  
Shanyan Zhang ◽  
Chanyuan Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
High Bmi

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) has spread worldwide. The present study aimed to characterize the clinical features and outcomes of imported COVID-19 patients with high body mass index (BMI) and the independent association of BMI with disease severity. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, 455 imported COVID-19 patients were admitted and discharged in Zhejiang province by February 28, 2020. Epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiological, treatment, and outcome data were collected, analyzed and compared between patients with BMI ≥ 24and < 24. Results A total of 268 patients had BMI < 24, and 187 patients had BMI ≥ 24. Those with high BMI were mostly men, had a smoking history, fever, cough, and sputum than those with BMI < 24. A large number of patients with BMI ≥ 24 were diagnosed as severe/critical types. Some biochemical indicators were significantly elevated in patients with BMI ≥ 24. Also, acute liver injury was the most common complication in these patients. The median days from illness onset to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 detection, duration of hospitalization, and days from illness onset to discharge were significantly longer in patients with BMI ≥ 24 than those with BMI < 24. High BMI, exposure to Wuhan, any coexisting medical condition, high temperature, C-reactive protein (CRP), and increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were independent risk factors for severe/critical COVID-19. After adjusting for age, sex and above factors, BMI was still independently associated with progression to severe/critical illness (P = 0.0040). Hemoglobin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), CRP, and serum creatinine (Scr) were independent risk factors associated with high BMI. Conclusions Contrasted with the imported COVID-19 patients with BMI < 24, high proportion of COVID-19 patients with BMI ≥ 24 in our study, especially those with elevated CRP and LDH, developed to severe type, with longer hospitalization duration and anti-virus course. Thus, high BMI is a risk factor for the progression and prognosis of imported COVID-19.

scholarly journals Association of platelet-to-lymphocyte count ratio with myocardial reperfusion and major adverse events in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a two-centre retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e025628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailifeire Maimaiti ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Yong-Tao Wang ◽  
Xiang Yang ◽  
Xiao-Mei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Myocardial Perfusion ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Myocardial Reperfusion ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

ObjectiveInsufficient myocardial reperfusion for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) has a great influence on prognosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) with myocardial reperfusion and in-hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) in patients with AMI undergoing PPCI.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingPatients and researchers from two tertiary hospitals.ParticipantsA total of 445 consecutive AMI patients who underwent PPCI between January 2015 and December 2017 were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups based on the PLR value: patients with PLR values in the third tertile were defined as the high-PLR group (n=150), and those in the lower two tertiles were defined as the low-PLR group (n=295). Explicit criteria for inclusion and exclusion were applied.InterventionsNo interventions.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome measures were defined as cardiovascular death, reinfarction or target vessel revascularisation. Secondary outcome measures were defined as stroke, non-lethal myocardial infarction, ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation and in-hospital mortality.ResultsThe high-PLR group had insufficient myocardial perfusion (23% vs 13%, p=0.003), greater postprocedural thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grade (0–2) (17% vs 10%, p=0.037), greater myocardial blush grade (0–1) (11% vs 4%, p=0.007) and higher B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) (614±600 vs 316±429, p<0.001) compared with the low-PLR group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the independent risk factors for impaired myocardial perfusion were high PLR (OR 1.256, 95% CI 1.003 to 1.579, p=0.056) and high BNP (OR 1.328, 95% CI 1.056 to 1.670, p=0.015). The high-PLR group had significantly more MACEs (43% vs 32%, p=0.029).ConclusionsThis study suggested that high PLR and BNP were independent risk factors for insufficient myocardial reperfusion in patients with AMI. Higher PLR was related to advanced heart failure and in-hospital MACEs in patients with AMI undergoing PPCI.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of Risk Prediction Model for New-Onset Diabetes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (NODAP): A Study Protocol for a Retrospective, Multicenter Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwen Li ◽  
Jing Cui ◽  
Yanfei Liu ◽  
Keji Chen ◽  
Luqi Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Onset Diabetes ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary ◽  
New Onset

Background: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and increase mortality. Clinical outcomes of patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were worse in T2DM patients than those without T2DM. New-onset diabetes after PCI (NODAP) is often observed during long-term follow-up and this further aggravates cardiovascular diseases. Several studies had focused on patients after PCI with known T2DM. Previous studies showed that impaired glucose tolerance and aging are risk factors that promote NODAP. Considering the unique characteristics of patients after PCI, we will further study relevant risk factors. We sought to investigate the potential predictors of acute coronary syndrome patients with NODAP by a multicenter retrospective cohort study.Methods: This is a multicenter retrospective cohort study including patients after PCI. Clinical medical records of these patients were collected from four hospitals in different areas in China, from 2010 to 2021. Patients' demographic information, medical history, diagnostic testing, PCI-related information, medication situation will be summarized using descriptive statistics, and correlation analysis was performed on the development of new-onset diabetes. Variation will be described and evaluated using χ2 test or Kreskas-Wallis test. The prediction model will be verified by a validation set.Discussion: A novel diabetes prediction model for patients after PCI is established, and this study can achieve advanced intervention for the occurrence of NODAP. Owing to its retrospective nature, this study has some limitations, but it will be further studied through supplement data collection or prospective study. The study has been registered for clinical trials by the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100047241).

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics and laboratory features of COVID-19 in high altitude areas: A retrospective cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0249964
Author(s):  
Hanxiao Chen ◽  
Lang Qin ◽  
Sixian Wu ◽  
Wenming Xu ◽  
Rui Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Sputum Production ◽  
Laboratory Features ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly contagious and has affected the whole world. We seek to investigate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of COVID-19 patients in the high altitude areas of Sichuan, China. In this retrospective cohort study, a total of 67 patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections in Sichuan’s Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture were included from February 1, 2020, to March 2, 2020. Their clinical characteristics, as well as radiological and laboratory features, were extracted. Four (6.0%) patients were categorized as severe cases; 39 (58.2%) were non-severe cases, and 24 (35.8%) were asymptomatic cases. A total of 46 (68.7%) patients were associated with cluster infection events in this study. The most common symptoms were cough, sputum production, dyspnea, fatigue or myalgia, and headache. Seven (10.4%) patients showed leucopenia, and 20 (29.9%) patients showed lymphopenia. Lymphocyte counts and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (NPR) were different between the three groups. In total, 14 (20.9%) patients had thrombocytopenia, and prothrombin times (PT) and fibrinogen levels differed between groups. We also found significant differences in sodium, chloride and calcium levels between the three groups. Antiviral therapy did not lead to obvious adverse events or shortened durations from initial positive to subsequent negative nuclei acid tests. Advanced age, hypertension, high neutrophil count, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, fibrinogen and lactate dehydrogenase levels were identified as independent risk factors for symptomatic cases of COVID-19. In conclusion, the symptoms of patients in high altitude areas were mild, and about one third were asymptomatic. We also identified several independent risk factors for symptomatic cases of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Incidence and risk factors of a severe Clostridium difficile infection: results of a retrospective cohort study at a tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claas Baier ◽  
Simone Valentin ◽  
Frank Schwab ◽  
Sandra Steffens ◽  
Ralf-Peter Vonberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Abstract Background Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a relevant healthcare burden worldwide and one of the leading causes for nosocomial diarrhea. Besides mild courses, the development of a severe infection can occur and has a relevant impact on healthcare costs and patient outcome.Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study over a 4 year-long period to analyze the incidence of CDI and the contributing risk factors for a severe course at a tertiary care clinic. Independent risk factors were determined by a multivariable logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 761 CDI cases were identified in the study period, thereof 612 (80.4%) cases were nosocomially acquired. The mean incidence for a CDI was 0.42 cases per 1000 patient-days. A severe CDI occurred in 131 cases (17.2%). Independent risk factors for a severe course were pulmonary disease, a Charlson comorbidity index >3, and a preceding antibiotic therapy within three months with glycopeptides (vancomycin/teicoplanin) and/or aminoglycosides.Conclusions This study highlights the relevant burden of CDI in hospitals. Moreover, it underscores that specific knowledge of risk factors contributing to severe CDI is crucial to optimize treatment, infection prevention measures and to guide clinical monitoring and therapy strategy.

scholarly journals Fluid Homeostasis May Predict the Prognosis of Non-infectious Fever After Total Knee Arthroplasty Within 7-Day: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafei Xu ◽  
Taotao Xu ◽  
Xiaoxue Tan ◽  
Lujie Xu ◽  
Menghua Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Intraoperative Blood Loss ◽  
Drainage Fluid ◽  
Postoperative Drainage ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Background: In the perioperative management of Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA), postoperative fever has always been a concern. Current research focuses on infectious fever, and there is no relevant research on the occurrence of non-infectious fever (NIF) and its risk factors. Hence, the aim of this study was to clarify the risk factors for NIF after TKA, and construct an easy-to-use nomogram.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Consecutive patients undergoing primary unilateral TKA were divided into the non-infectious fever group and the control group. Clinicopathological characters were collected from electronic medical records. Univariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the related independent risk factors. The optimal threshold for each selected factor and combined index was determined when the Youden index achieved the highest value. And the predictive nomogram was developed by these independent factors.Results: Ultimately, 146 patients were included in this study. Of them, 57 (39.04%) patients experienced NIF. Results of the univariable logistic regression analysis indicated that intraoperative blood loss (OR, 1.002; 95% CI, 1.000–1.0004), postoperative drainage fluid volume (OR, 1.003; 95% CI, 1.001–1.006) and frequency of blood transfusion (n = 1; OR, 0.227; 95% CI, 0.068–0.757) were independent risk factors of NIF occurrence. The predictive nomogram that incorporated the above independent risk factors was developed, and it yielded an areas under the curves (AUC) of 0.731 (95% CI: 0.651–0.801; P &lt; 0.0001) with 54.39% sensitivity and 82.02% specificity.Conclusions: Non-infectious fever after TKA prolongs the time of antibiotic use and hospital stay. Our results demonstrated that the nomogram may facilitate to predict the individualized risk of NIF occurrence within 7-day by intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage fluid volume and frequency of blood transfusion.

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