scholarly journals Developing design principles for a Virtual Hospice: improving access to care

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Taylor ◽  
Tara French ◽  
Sneha Raman
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Early Stage Design

ObjectivesProviding access to hospice services will become increasingly difficult due to the pressures of an ageing population and limited resources. To help address this challenge, a small number of services called Virtual Hospice have been established. This paper presents early-stage design work on a Virtual Hospice to improve access to services provided by a hospice (Highland Hospice) serving a largely remote and rural population in Scotland, UK.MethodsThe study was structured as a series of Experience Labs with Highland Hospice staff, healthcare professionals and patients. Experience Labs employ a participatory design approach where participants are placed at the centre of the design process, helping to ensure that the resultant service meets their needs. Data from the Experience Labs were analysed using qualitative thematic analysis and design analysis.ResultsA number of themes and barriers to accessing Highland Hospice services were identified. In response, an initial set of seven design principles was developed. Design principles are high-level guidelines that are used to improve prioritisation and decision making during the design process by ensuring alignment with research insights. The design principles were piloted with a group of stakeholders and gained positive feedback.ConclusionsThe design principles are intended to guide the ongoing development of the Highland Hospice Virtual Hospice. However, the challenges faced by Highland Hospice in delivering services in a largely remote and rural setting are not unique. The design principles, encompassing digital and non-digital guidelines, or the design approach could be applied by other hospices in the UK or overseas.

Design Principle Cards: Toolset to Support Innovations With Additive Manufacturing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlye A. Lauff ◽  
K. Blake Perez ◽  
Bradley A. Camburn ◽  
Kristin L. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Central Research ◽  
New Business ◽  
Design By Analogy ◽  
Early Stage Design

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) continues to play an important role in product development, and many companies are searching for how to best integrate AM into their products, business models, and design processes. Often, AM is integrated into later stages of the design process for products during manufacturing and production. However, there is an opportunity to introduce AM in early-stage design, which could spark new business models and services in addition to re-thinking manufacturing for products. The central research question for this paper is what is an appropriate and useful tool to support innovations with AM early in the design process? Prior work has extracted and validated AM design principles. This paper describes the strategic development of AM Principle Cards from these design principles. The cards are a vehicle for codified AM design principles to be shared and understood in a way that inspires learning, creativity, and AM considerations during the early stages of the design process. They implement a number of best-known practices from an inductive principle-extraction study and literature related to the use of design stimuli, learning theory, design by analogy, and creativity. The AM cards were awarded a Singapore Good Design Award (SG Mark) for 2019. The AM Principle Cards were validated in two studies. In this paper, an ideation study is conducted with 85 designers to elicit feedback about the cards’ effectiveness to explain concepts related to AM and their ability to inspire creativity and new innovations. An additional ideation study was conducted with 61 participants that showed significant improvement in quality and novelty of ideas. The full deck of the final 27 AM Principle Cards is shared for design educators and practitioners to use.

scholarly journals Building Capabilities Through Democratic Dialogues

Design Issues ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liesbeth Huybrechts ◽  
Katrien Dreessen ◽  
Ben Hagenaars
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Alternative Futures ◽  
Design Processes ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Complex Design ◽  
Developing Strategies

Designers are increasingly involved in designing alternative futures for their cities, together with or self-organized by citizens. This article discusses the fact that (groups of) citizens often lack the support or negotiation power to engage in or sustain parts of these complex design processes. Therefore the “capabilities” of these citizens to collectively visualize, reflect, and act in these processes need to be strengthened. We discuss our design process of “democratic dialogues” in Traces of Coal—a project that researches and designs together with the citizens an alternative spatial future for a partially obsolete railway track in the Belgian city of Genk. This process is framed in a Participatory Design approach and, more specifically, in what is called “infrastructuring,” or the process of developing strategies for the long-term involvement of participants in the design of spaces, objects, or systems. Based on this process, we developed a typology of how the three clusters of capabilities (i.e., visualize, reflect, and act) are supported through democratic dialogues in PD processes, linking them to the roles of the designer, activities, and used tools.

Informed Forms and Matters

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-77
Author(s):  
Negar Kalantar ◽  
Alireza Borhani
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Design Education ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Pedagogical Approach ◽  
Form Finding ◽  
Stage Design ◽  
Early Design ◽  
Early Stage Design ◽  
Finding Method ◽  
Proper Balance

After sufficient consideration for the proper balance between material and formal constraints, this chapter describes a pedagogical approach that transforms the education of future architects through a 'form-finding' method, allowing the material to accommodate itself to form and celebrate its own nature. To enhance pedagogical improvement of foundational studies in architecture and further explore this pedagogy based on form-finding in early design education, this chapter also presents the challenges to integrating materiality within the design process, as derived from the incorporation of experimental form-finding methods into early-stage design.

Participatory Design and Creativity in Development of Information and Communication Technologies

2011 ◽  
pp. 75-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nette Schultz ◽  
Lene Sørensen ◽  
Dan Saugstrup
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Ict Development ◽  
Mobile Ict

This chapter presents and discusses a new design framework for involving users at an early stage in a mobile ICT development project. A user-centered design process, in which participatory design principles are combined with creativity techniques, is used in order to create scenarios as a communication tool between users and system designers. The theoretical basis for the framework is described, leading to a new participatory design and creativity framework. Empirical insight into how the framework has been developed and used in practice is presented based on the experiences and results from a large ICT development project within the ?eld of mobile communication. Finally, the value of applying creativity as part of a participatory design process is discussed.

scholarly journals Representation in Early Stage Design: An Analysis of the Influence of Sketching and Prototyping in Design Projects

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Elsen ◽  
Anders Häggman ◽  
Tomonori Honda ◽  
Maria C. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Stage Design ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Design Projects ◽  
Early Stage Design ◽  
Team Design

Sketching and prototyping of design concepts have long been valued as tools to support productive early stage design. This study investigates previous findings about the interplay between the use and timing of use of such design tools. This study evaluates such tools in the context of team design projects. General trends and statistically significant results about “sketchstorming” and prototyping suggest that, in certain constrained contexts, the focus should be on the quality of information rather than on the quantity of information generated, and that prototyping should begin as soon as possible during the design process. Ramifications of these findings are discussed in the context of educating future designers on the efficient use of design tools.

scholarly journals Evaluating the feasibility and acceptability of a co-design approach to developing an integrated model of care for people with multi-morbid COPD in rural Nepal: a qualitative study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e045175
Author(s):  
Uday Narayan Yadav ◽  
Jane Lloyd ◽  
Kedar Prasad Baral ◽  
Narendra Bhatta ◽  
Suresh Mehata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Secondary Outcome Measure ◽  
Model Of Care ◽  
Rural Nepal

ObjectiveTo understand the feasibility and acceptability of a co-design approach to developing an integrated model of healthcare for people with multi-morbid chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in rural Nepal.SettingsA rural setting of Nepal.ParticipantsData collection included five video recordings, five key informant interviews and observation notes from a final co-design workshop that involved a total of 68 stakeholders: persons with COPD and their family members; healthcare providers, including respiratory physicians; local community leaders; representatives from local, provincial and federal government; academics; and representatives from non-government organisations.Primary and secondary outcome measure(s)Feasibility and acceptability of using a co-design approach to develop an integrated model of care for people with multi-morbid COPD in rural Nepal.ResultsOur qualitative evaluation of the Hasso Plattner’s co-design process found that all stakeholders (including people with COPD/community members, primary care practitioners and local government/senior health officials) were actively engaged in and significantly contributed to the process of co-design. Four main themes were identified which determined the feasibility and acceptability of the resulting integrated model of care: engagement of stakeholders, factors contributing to the co-design, consequences of the co-design process, and challenges and opportunities learnt by the researchers and participants in the co-design process. Based on the relationship between the four main themes emerging from this research, we developed an evaluation framework to guide the co-design of a health service innovation.ConclusionOur study demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of the Hasso Plattner’s co-design process. Our findings suggest that this co-design approach can be useful and acceptable to local communities and government agencies. It enabled the meaningful contribution of a diverse group of stakeholders in the design and delivery of health services in low-income and middle-income countries.

scholarly journals FRAMEWORK TO ASSIST IN SELECTING HUMAN CENTRED DESIGN TOOLS AND METHODS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammer Harb
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
User Needs ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Design Workshop ◽  
Selection Framework ◽  
Tools And Methods ◽  
Human Centred Design

Human Centred Design is a significant approach in design. It increases the value of design as well as helping businesses to overcome the challenges of not meeting user needs. However, the abundance of Human Centred Design tools and the difficulty to discriminate between them have created the urge to develop selection framework for these tools in regard to the design process. In this paper, I present a framework to assist in selecting Human Centred Design tools. I highlight the significance of the Human Centred Design approach. I also explain the theoretical background behind creating the framework. Then I describe the participatory design workshop method I used to support and validate the results of the theoretical background in order to further develop the selection framework. This framework can be adopted in the design field in order to facilitate the process and to support practitioners’ decisions to select suitable tools.

The Sophistication of Early Stage Design for Complex Vessels

2018 ◽  
Vol Vol 160 (SE 18) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ship Design ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
Intact Stability ◽  
Early Stage Design ◽  
Metacentric Height

Prior to the introduction of computers into Early Stage Ship Design of complex vessels, such as naval ships, the approach to synthesising a new design had been via weight equations. When it was realised that modern naval vessels (and some sophisticated service vessels) were essentially space driven initial (numerical) sizing needed to balance weight and space, together with simple checks on resistance & powering, plus sufficient intact stability (i.e. simple metacentric height assurance). All this was quickly computerised and subsequently put on a spread-sheet to iteratively achieve weight and space balance, while meeting those simple stability and R&P checks. Thus suddenly it became possible to produce very many variants, for both trade-off of certain requirements (against initial acquisition cost) as well (apparently) optimal solutions. However as this paper argues this speeding up of a very crude synthesis approach, before rapidly proceeding into feasibility investigations of the “selected design”, has not led to a quicker overall design process, nor have new ship designs been brought earlier into service, in timeframes remotely comparable to most merchant ships. It is the argument of this paper that such a speeding up of an essentially simplified approach to design synthesis is not sensible. Firstly, there is the need to conduct a more sophisticated approach in order to proceed in a less risky manner into the main design process for such complex vessels. Secondly, further advances in computer techniques, particularly those that CAD has adopted from computer graphics advances, now enable ship concept designers to synthesise more comprehensively and thereby address from the start many more of the likely design drivers. The paper addresses the argument for a more sophisticated approach to ESSD by first expanding on the above outline, before considering important design related issues that are considered to have arisen from major R.N. warship programmes over the last half century. This has been done by highlighting those UK naval vessel designs with which the author has had a notable involvement. The next section re-iterates an assertion that the concept phase (for complex vessels) is unlike the rest of ship design with a distinctly different primary purpose. This enables the structure of a properly organised concept phase to be outlined. Following this the issue of the extent of novelty in the design of a new design option is spelt out in more detail for the seven categories already identified. The next section consists of outlining the architecturally driven approach to ship synthesis with two sets of design examples, produced by the author’s team at UCL. All this then enables a generalised concept design process for complex vessels to be outlined, before more unconventional vessels than the naval combatant are briefly considered. The concluding main section addresses how a range of new techniques might further alter the way in which ESSD is addressed, in order to provide an even better output from concept to accomplish the downstream design and build process. The paper ends with a summary of the main conclusions.

scholarly journals A Two-Tiered Grammatical Approach for Agent-Based Computational Design

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Puentes ◽  
Christopher McComb ◽  
Jonathan Cagan
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Ocean Waves ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Lower Tier ◽  
Spatial Design ◽  
Heuristic Strategies ◽  
Early Stage Design

Early stages of the engineering design process are vital to shaping the final design; each subsequent step builds from the initial concept. Innovation-driven engineering problems require designers to focus heavily on early-stage design generation, with constant application and evaluation of design changes. Strategies to reduce the amount of time and effort designers spend in this phase could improve the efficiency of the design process as a whole. This paper seeks to create and demonstrate a two-tiered design grammar that encodes heuristic strategies to aid in the generation of early solution concepts. Specifically, this two-tiered grammar mimics the combination of heuristic-based strategic actions and parametric modifications employed by human designers. Rules in the higher-tier are abstract and potentially applicable to multiple design problems across a number of fields. These abstract rules are translated into a series of lower-tier rule applications in a spatial design grammar, which are inherently domain-specific. This grammar is implemented within the HSAT agent-based algorithm. Agents iteratively select actions from either the higher-tier or lower-tier. This algorithm is applied to the design of wave energy converters, devices which use the motion of ocean waves to generate electrical power. Comparisons are made between designs generated using only lower-tier rules and those generated using only higher-tier rules.

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