Cardiovascular disease in homeless versus housed individuals: a systematic review of observational and interventional studies

ObjectivesTo identify: (i) risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in homeless versus housed individuals and (ii) interventions for CVD in homeless populations.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature review in EMBASE until December 2018 using a search strategy for observational and interventional studies without restriction regarding languages or countries. Meta-analyses were conducted, where appropriate and possible. Outcome measures were all-cause and CVD mortality, and morbidity.ResultsOur search identified 17 articles (6 case-control, 11 cohort) concerning risk of CVD and none regarding specific interventions. Nine were included to perform a meta-analysis. The majority (13/17, 76.4%) were high quality and all were based in Europe or North America, including 765 459 individuals, of whom 32 721 were homeless. 12/17 studies were pre-2011. Homeless individuals were more likely to have CVD than non-homeless individuals (pooled OR 2.96; 95% CI 2.80 to 3.13; p<0.0001; heterogeneity p<0.0001; I2=99.1%) and had increased CVD mortality (age-standardised mortality ratio range: 2.6–6.4). Compared with non-homeless individuals, hypertension was more likely in homeless people (pooled OR 1.38–1.75, p=0.0070; heterogeneity p=0.935; I2=0.0%).ConclusionsHomeless people have an approximately three times greater risk of CVD and an increased CVD mortality. However, there are no studies of specific pathways/interventions for CVD in this population. Future research should consider design and evaluation of tailored interventions or integrating CVD into existing interventions.

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Dose–Response Relation between Tea Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Population-Based Studies

Advances in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/advances/nmaa010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 790-814 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mei Chung ◽

Naisi Zhao ◽

Deena Wang ◽

Marissa Shams-White ◽

Micaela Karlsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Tea Consumption ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Specific Mortality ◽

Cvd Mortality

ABSTRACT Tea flavonoids have been suggested to offer potential benefits to cardiovascular health. This review synthesized the evidence on the relation between tea consumption and risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality among generally healthy adults. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Food Science and Technology Abstracts, and Ovid CAB Abstract databases were searched to identify English-language publications through 1 November 2019, including randomized trials, prospective cohort studies, and nested case-control (or case-cohort) studies with data on tea consumption and risk of incident cardiovascular events (cardiac or peripheral vascular events), stroke events (including mortality), CVD-specific mortality, or all-cause mortality. Data from 39 prospective cohort publications were synthesized. Linear meta-regression showed that each cup (236.6 mL) increase in daily tea consumption (estimated 280 mg and 338 mg total flavonoids/d for black and green tea, respectively) was associated with an average 4% lower risk of CVD mortality, a 2% lower risk of CVD events, a 4% lower risk of stroke, and a 1.5% lower risk of all-cause mortality. Subgroup meta-analysis results showed that the magnitude of association was larger in elderly individuals for both CVD mortality (n = 4; pooled adjusted RR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.96; P = 0.001), with large heterogeneity (I2 = 72.4%), and all-cause mortality (n = 3; pooled adjusted RR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.94; P < 0.0001; I2 = 0.3%). Generally, studies with higher risk of bias appeared to show larger magnitudes of associations than studies with lower risk of bias. Strength of evidence was rated as low and moderate (depending on study population age group) for CVD-specific mortality outcome and was rated as low for CVD events, stroke, and all-cause mortality outcomes. Daily tea intake as part of a healthy habitual dietary pattern may be associated with lower risks of CVD and all-cause mortality among adults.

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The incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in gout: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Rheumatology International ◽

10.1007/s00296-021-04876-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Peter Cox ◽

Sonal Gupta ◽

Sizheng Steven Zhao ◽

David M. Hughes

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Small Sample Size ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Small Sample ◽

Future Research ◽

Increased Risk

AbstractThe aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to describe prevalence of cardiovascular disease in gout, compare these results with non-gout controls and consider whether there were differences according to geography. PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were systematically searched for studies reporting prevalence of any cardiovascular disease in a gout population. Studies with non-representative sampling, where a cohort had been used in another study, small sample size (< 100) and where gout could not be distinguished from other rheumatic conditions were excluded, as were reviews, editorials and comments. Where possible meta-analysis was performed using random-effect models. Twenty-six studies comprising 949,773 gout patients were included in the review. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated for five cardiovascular diseases: myocardial infarction (2.8%; 95% confidence interval (CI)s 1.6, 5.0), heart failure (8.7%; 95% CI 2.9, 23.8), venous thromboembolism (2.1%; 95% CI 1.2, 3.4), cerebrovascular accident (4.3%; 95% CI 1.8, 9.7) and hypertension (63.9%; 95% CI 24.5, 90.6). Sixteen studies reported comparisons with non-gout controls, illustrating an increased risk in the gout group across all cardiovascular diseases. There were no identifiable reliable patterns when analysing the results by country. Cardiovascular diseases are more prevalent in patients with gout and should prompt vigilance from clinicians to the need to assess and stratify cardiovascular risk. Future research is needed to investigate the link between gout, hyperuricaemia and increased cardiovascular risk and also to establish a more thorough picture of prevalence for less common cardiovascular diseases.

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Elucidating the Relationship Between Insomnia, Sex, and Cardiovascular Disease

Gender and the Genome ◽

10.1177/2470289720980018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 247028972098001

Author(s):

Rebecca Leeds ◽

Ari Shechter ◽

Carmela Alcantara ◽

Brooke Aggarwal ◽

John Usseglio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Future Research ◽

Sex And Gender ◽

Men And Women ◽

Sex Research ◽

And Gender ◽

The Relationship ◽

Cvd Mortality

Sex differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality have been attributed to differences in pathophysiology between men and women and to disparities in CVD management that disproportionately affect women compared to men. Similarly, there has been investigation of differences in the prevalence and presentation of insomnia attributable to sex. Few studies have examined how sex and insomnia interact to influence CVD outcomes, however. In this review, we summarize the literature on sex-specific differences in the prevalence and presentation of insomnia as well as existing research regarding the relationship between insomnia and CVD outcomes as it pertains to sex. Research to date indicate that women are more likely to have insomnia than men, and there appear to be differential associations in the relation between insomnia and CVD by sex. We posit potential mechanisms of the relationship between sex, insomnia and CVD, discuss gaps in the existing literature, and provide commentary on future research needed in this area. Unraveling the complex relations between sex, insomnia, and CVD may help to explain sex-specific differences in CVD, and identify sex-specific strategies for promotion of cardiovascular health. Throughout this review, terms “men” and “women” are used as they are in the source literature, which does not differentiate between sex and gender. The implications of this are also discussed.

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Intake of Fish and Marine n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13072342 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 2342

Author(s):

Lan Jiang ◽

Jinyu Wang ◽

Ke Xiong ◽

Lei Xu ◽

Bo Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Pufa Intake ◽

Prospective Cohort Studies ◽

Cvd Mortality

Previous epidemiological studies have investigated the association of fish and marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) consumption with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk. However, the results were inconsistent. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to quantitatively evaluate the association between marine n-3 PUFA, fish and CVD mortality risk with prospective cohort studies. A systematic search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and MEDLINE databases from the establishment of the database to May 2021. A total of 25 cohort studies were included with 2,027,512 participants and 103,734 CVD deaths. The results indicated that the fish consumption was inversely associated with the CVD mortality risk [relevant risk (RR) = 0.91; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.85−0.98]. The higher marine n-3 PUFA intake was associated with the reduced risk of CVD mortality (RR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.85–0.89). Dose-response analysis suggested that the risk of CVD mortality was decreased by 4% with an increase of 20 g of fish intake (RR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.94–0.99) or 80 milligrams of marine n-3 PUFA intake (RR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.94–0.98) per day. The current work provides evidence that the intake of fish and marine n-3 PUFA are inversely associated with the risk of CVD mortality.

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The Student Risk Screening Scale: A Reliability and Validity Generalization Meta-Analysis

Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders ◽

10.1177/1063426617710207 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 143-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Stephen P. Kilgus ◽

Katie Eklund ◽

Daniel M. Maggin ◽

Crystal N. Taylor ◽

Amanda N. Allen

Keyword(s):

Internal Consistency ◽

Externalizing Behavior ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Future Research ◽

Risk Screening ◽

Validity Generalization ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Student Risk ◽

Screening Scale

The purpose of this study was to conduct reliability and validity generalization meta-analyses of evidence regarding the Student Risk Screening Scale (SRSS), a universal screener for externalizing behavior problems. A systematic review of the literature resulted in the identification of 17 studies inclusive of evidence regarding SRSS score (a) internal consistency reliability (i.e., alpha coefficients), and/or (b) criterion-related validity (e.g., correlations between the SRSS and various outcomes). Multilevel meta-analyses indicated that across studies, SRSS scores were associated with adequate internal consistency (α = .83). Analyses further suggested the SRSS was a valid indicator of both social and behavioral outcomes ( r = .52) and academic outcomes ( r = .42). Follow-up analyses suggested that in accordance with theory-driven expectations, the SRSS was a stronger indicator of externalizing problems and broad behavior outcomes relative to alternative outcomes (e.g., internalizing problems). Limitations and directions for future research are discussed, including recommendations for the collection of additional SRSS diagnostic accuracy evidence.

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Comparing Bayesian Posterior Passing with Meta-analysis

10.31234/osf.io/ke9wn ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Joshua Pritsker

Keyword(s):

Publication Bias ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Future Research ◽

Meta Analyses

Brand, von der Post, Ounsley, and Morgan (2019) introduced Bayesian posterior passing as an alternative to traditional meta-analyses. In this commentary I relate their procedure to traditional meta-analysis, showing that posterior passing is equivalent to fixed effects meta-analysis. To overcome the limitations of simple posterior passing, I introduce improved posterior passing methods to account for heterogeneity and publication bias. Additionally, practical limitations of posterior passing and the role that it can play in future research are discussed.

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Obsessive healthy eating and orthorexic eating tendencies in sport and exercise contexts: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Behavioral Addictions ◽

10.1556/2006.2021.00004 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jana Strahler ◽

Hanna Wachten ◽

Anett Mueller-Alcazar

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Gender Differences ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Group Analysis ◽

Future Research ◽

Exercise Behaviors ◽

Sport And Exercise ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Meta Analyses

AbstractBackgroundOrthorexia Nervosa (ON) and exercise addiction (ExAdd) are two phenomena believed to overlap. We conducted a meta-analysis exploring the link between ON and (addictive) exercise behaviors.MethodsA systematic review of major databases and gray literature was carried out for studies reporting on ON and (addictive) exercise behaviors. Random effects meta-analyses were undertaken calculating correlations between ON and (addictive) exercise behaviors. A sub-group analysis investigated gender differences.ResultsTwenty-five studies with 10,134 participants (mean age = 25.21; 56.4% female) were included. Analyses showed a small overall correlation between ON and exercise (21 studies, r = 0.12, 95% CI |0.06–0.18|) and a medium overall correlation between ON and ExAdd (7 studies, r = 0.29, 95% CI |0.13–0.45|). Gender differences were negligible.ConclusionsOrthorexic eating correlated slightly and moderately with exercise and ExAdd, respectively, expressing some unique and shared variance of these behaviors. While this does not suggest ON and addictive exercising to be independent, it does not indicate substantial comorbidity. Future research should focus on clinical relevance, underlying mechanisms, vulnerability, and risk factors.

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Internet Use and Psychological Well-Being

Encyclopedia of Cyber Behavior ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-0315-8.ch026 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 302-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chiungjung Huang

Keyword(s):

Social Networking ◽

Social Networking Sites ◽

Internet Use ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Well Being ◽

Social Networking Site ◽

Future Research ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

Site Use ◽

Meta Analyses

The direction of the correlation between Internet use and psychological well-being is debatable. The displacement hypothesis indicates the correlation is negative, as Internet use for communication replaces face-to face-interaction. Conversely, the augmentation hypothesis suggests that the correlation is positive because Internet use for communication complements existing social interaction. While previous empirical findings about the relationship between Internet use and psychological well-being have been diverse, two previous meta-analyses and the present meta-analysis about the use of social networking sites and psychological well-being supported neither position, and found no relationship between Internet use and psychological well-being. Investigation of causal predominance between Internet use and psychological well-being, increased attention to measurement problems of social networking site use and older adults, and consideration of effects of indicators and moderators should be addressed in future research.

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P5495Sex differences in marital status and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 7,881,040 individuals

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0446 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

J Nie ◽

Y Wang

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Marital Status ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Excess Risk ◽

Stroke Mortality ◽

Never Married ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Cvd Mortality

Abstract Background Marital status has been identified as an important social factor associated with mortality. In current epidemiologic research, being unmarried was observed to be a suboptimal health status in the global population. The growing number of unmarried people has health implications, in light of evidence suggesting that it is associated with an increase in the incidence of various diseases and high mortality. Few attempts have been made to produce an overall estimate and sufficiently clarified of the sex difference between unmarried status and mortality risks, this is still a matter of debate. Purpose To ascertain whether sex differences exist in the relationship between marital status and cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, all-cause mortality in the general population and to explore the potential effect of age, location, the duration of follow-up and publication years on these outcomes. Methods A systematic search was performed in PubMed and EMBASE from inception through to April 2018 and review of references. We used the sex-specific RRs (relative risk) to derive the women-to-men ratio of RRs (RRR) and 95% CIs from each study. Subsequently, the RRR for each outcome was pooled with random effects meta-analysis weighted by the inverse of the variances of the log RRRs. Results Twenty-one studies with 7,881,040 individuals were included for meta-analysis. Compared with married individuals, being unmarried was significantly associated with all-cause mortality, cancer mortality, CVD mortality and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, especially for singles, for both sexes (Figure 1). However, the association with death from all-cause and CVD was significantly stronger in men. Compared with women who were divorced/separated, divorced/separated men had significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality, cancer mortality and CVD mortality. Moreover, never married men had 31% and 9% higher excess risk of stroke mortality and all-cause mortality, respectively, compared with never married women. No sex differences were observed concerning the impact of any unmarried status on CHD mortality. Conclusions Being unmarried (widowed, divorced/separated or never married) conferred higher excess risk of stroke mortality and all-cause mortality for men than women. Moreover, divorced/separated men had significantly higher risk of cancer mortality and CVD mortality. Further studies are warranted to clarify the biological, behavioral, and/or social mechanisms involved in sex differences driving these associations.

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Is hospitalization a risk factor for cognitive decline in older age adults?

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610220001763 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Lucia Chinnappa-Quinn ◽

Steve Robert Makkar ◽

Michael Bennett ◽

Ben C. P. Lam ◽

Jessica W. Lo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Decline ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Severity Of Illness ◽

The Elderly ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Older Age ◽

Future Research ◽

Cognitive Changes ◽

Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽

Meta Analyses

ABSTRACT Objectives: Many studies document cognitive decline following specific types of acute illness hospitalizations (AIH) such as surgery, critical care, or those complicated by delirium. However, cognitive decline may be a complication following all types of AIH. This systematic review will summarize longitudinal observational studies documenting cognitive changes following AIH in the majority admitted population and conduct meta-analysis (MA) to assess the quantitative effect of AIH on post-hospitalization cognitive decline (PHCD). Methods: We followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Selection criteria were defined to identify studies of older age adults exposed to AIH with cognitive measures. 6566 titles were screened. 46 reports were reviewed qualitatively, of which seven contributed data to the MA. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Results: The qualitative review suggested increased cognitive decline following AIH, but several reports were particularly vulnerable to bias. Domain-specific outcomes following AIH included declines in memory and processing speed. Increasing age and the severity of illness were the most consistent risk factors for PHCD. PHCD was supported by MA of seven eligible studies with 41,453 participants (Cohen’s d = −0.25, 95% CI [−0.02, −0.49] I2 35%). Conclusions: There is preliminary evidence that AIH exposure accelerates or triggers cognitive decline in the elderly patient. PHCD reported in specific contexts could be subsets of a larger phenomenon and caused by overlapping mechanisms. Future research must clarify the trajectory, clinical significance, and etiology of PHCD: a priority in the face of an aging population with increasing rates of both cognitive impairment and hospitalization.

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