Effects of Superblocks on health and health inequities: a proposed evaluation framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 585-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshanak Mehdipanah ◽  
Ana M Novoa ◽  
Brenda Biaani León-Gómez ◽  
Maria José López ◽  
Laia Palència ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Population Turnover ◽  
The City

The following essay outlines the intervention and presents a framework that will serve as a guide in the evaluation of the different effects of the Superblocks. Superblocks consist of amalgamations of blocks throughout the city, with the goal of improving the habitability of public spaces, advancing sustainable mobility, increasing urban green, and promoting residents’ participation and coresponsibility, while ultimately influencing residents’ health and health inequities. The evaluation framework considers the following aspects: the interventions implemented in the Superblock strategy, the changes that occur at neighbourhood and individual level and the population turnover as intermediate factors and finally the health outcomes. Inequity dimensions are also considered.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Results of City Sustainable Transformation Projects in the Fields of Mobility and Energy Efficiency with Real Application in a District in Valladolid (Spain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9683
Author(s):  
Miguel Á. García-Fuentes ◽  
Javier Antolín ◽  
Cristina de Torre ◽  
Ana Pérez ◽  
Isabel Tomé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Real Option ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Urban Transformation ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Reduction Of Emissions ◽  
Sustainable Urban Mobility ◽  
Electro Mobility ◽  
The City

This paper presents a novel evaluation framework to assess the effectiveness of city transformation projects related to energy efficiency and sustainable mobility actions. The evaluation framework is part of an Urban Regeneration Model designed to accelerate the urban transformation toward the smart city concept, taking into account all aspects of sustainability. This model has been developed and validated in the three EU cities (Valladolid, Spain; Nottingham, United Kingdom; and Tepebaşı, Turkey) where interventions in the energy, mobility, and ICT fields have been deployed. This model relies on an Evaluation Framework to support its main phases considering two levels of evaluation: city level, to assess globally the smartness and sustainability of the city, and project level, to support the decision-making and assess the impacts of specific implementations. This paper is focused on the second level and its application through the evaluation-supporting tool STILE in the assessment of the energy efficiency and sustainable urban mobility actions implemented in the city of Valladolid. The assessment analysis has allowed assessing how the energy efficiency interventions carried out in the Valladolid district have reduced the energy consumption, increased the use of renewable energies, and reduced the CO2 emissions. In addition, it has allowed evaluating other aspects such as the air quality, thermal comfort, and energy bill, which have been also improved for the residents. Considering the analysis of the sustainable mobility interventions, the evaluation framework supports the assessment of the reduction of emissions and air pollutants and how the actions have converted electro-mobility into a real option for citizens. The evaluation of results after the implementation of this kind of actions is key to ensuring that successful actions can be replicated in other places achieving smarter and more sustainable cities.

scholarly journals Who, why, when and how do people use urban green spaces? A study of users from 18 parks in France

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Porcherie ◽  
E Faure ◽  
A Roué le Gall ◽  
Z Vaillant ◽  
M F Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Healthy City ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The City

Abstract Introduction Urban green spaces impact the individual and collective health of populations. At the city level, they act as regulators of environmental hazards and constitute collective protective factors. At the individual level, they constitute social spaces for encounters and rejuvenation. But, these functions depend on the use made of these green spaces which can be inequitable. This paper presents the results of the analysis of the use of green spaces in the 6 French cities selected in the WHO French Healthy City Network conducted as part of the GREENH-City research project. Methods Based on park profiles, a qualitative survey was conducted among users of 3 different parks in each of the 6 selected cities with both observations and semi-directive interviews. Thematic analyzes were performed. Observed activities were classified into 8 groups (supervised educational, food, activities i.e. calm, commercial, artistic and cultural, physical non-sport, sports) and related to a specific use (professional/ personal, individual/ collective, authorized/ not and conflictual/ not). The uses described by the individuals interviewed were classified into 4 categories: attendance, utility, opinions and activities. Results 186 observations and 591 recorded and unrecorded interviews with individuals or groups were conducted in the 18 parks. Overall, calm activities are dominant. However, activities and uses differ between cities and within the city depending on the nature of the parks (ancient, new..), their management, their location (more or less central, located in a deprived area or not) and people expectations. Conclusions Park uses are only partially dependent on amenities within the park. The nature of the park itself, its geographical location and its landscape characteristics seem to be decisive for the uses observed. These data are essential to inform public decision-makers and guide the creation and development of green spaces in cities in a vision of social justice. Key messages Urban green spaces can improve population health but their uses may be inequitable. Study of population use of urban green spaces may help to shape local policies towards more equity.

scholarly journals Addressing health inequities in Bologna: a mixed-method, multi stakeholder, action-research approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Bodini ◽  
I Camplone ◽  
G Cavazza ◽  
C Di Girolamo ◽  
V Gentilini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Action Research Approach ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
The City

Abstract Background A large body of literature shows how lower socioeconomic classes have higher incidence of mortality and morbidity, and how worse health outcomes linked to barriers in accessing healthcare particularly affect the most vulnerable groups. Despite such evidence, in many a context health inequalities have continued to increase. Processes that better link knowledge with action are therefore needed. Methods An interdisciplinary, interprofessional, interinstitutional group was created involving the Public Health Department and the Center of International Health of Bologna. In 2017-19, the group carried out a project to document and tackle local health inequities, structured in two phases: a first one of quantitative analysis of health inequalities using routinely available data, and a second one of qualitative research in selected areas of the city. An action-research approach was embedded throughout the project, with periodic evaluations to ensure progress towards the intended results. Results Phase 1 results show significant differences in terms of disease burden and service use between the North, East and West periphery of the city compared to the center and South. These differences mirror the urban distribution of wealth/deprivation, measured through different indicators (education, income, presence of immigrant population). Results also show concentration of the worst health outcomes and healthcare access indicators in some areas of the city, which also have higher presence of social housing. Phase 2, started in January 2020, is using phase 1 results to inform both a qualitative analysis and a participatory process in 6 areas of the city selected among those with worst health indicators. Conclusions Our experience shows that addressing the issue of health inequities through a mixed-method, multi stakeholder and action-research approach may lead to greater integration of research findings and evidence into healthcare policy and practice, towards health equity. Key messages Working across disciplines, roles and institutions may bring added value to the complex field of health inequities, when approached with the aim of moving from knowledge to action. Relying on routinely available data may open a route for the replication of our experience and for its use to monitor the impact of interventions aimed at reducing health inequities.

Minimetrò in Perugia as leverage for urban regeneration

TERRITORIO ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 148-163
Author(s):  
Luca Fondacci
Keyword(s):  
Urban Regeneration ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Peripheral Area ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Historical Centre

In the 1970s, the fragile historical centre of the city of Perugia was a key area where the binomial of sustainable mobility and urban regeneration was developed and applied. At the turn of the xxi century, the low carbon automatic people-mover Minimetrò broadened that application from the city's historical centre to the outskirts, promoting the enhancement of several urban environments. This paper is the outcome of an investigation of original sources, field surveys and direct interviews, which addresses the Minimetrò as the backbone of a wide regeneration process which has had a considerable impact on the economic development of a peripheral area of the city which was previously devoid of any clear urban sense. The conclusion proposes some solutions to improve the nature of the Minimetrò as an experimental alternative means of transport.

Reconstruction Of Urban Parks Of Culture And Rest Of The Soviet Period

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Functional Zoning ◽  
Functional Areas ◽  
The City

This article analyzes the main problems of urban public spaces, because today public spaces can determine the future of cities. It is noted that parks are multifunctional public spaces in the urban environment, as they are an important element of the citywide system of landscaping and recreation, perform health, cultural, educational, aesthetic and environmental functions. The article notes that the need for easily accessible and well-maintained urban parks remains, however, the state of parks in many cities of Russia remains unsatisfactory, requiring reconstruction. A brief historical background of the Park of Culture and Rest of the Soviet period in Omsk is expounded, the analysis of the existing territory of the Park is presented. It is revealed that the Park, being the largest public space in Omsk, does not meet the requirements of modern urbanism, although it represents a great potential for designing the space for the purpose of recreation of citizens. Performed functional zoning scheme of the territory of the Park in question, where its division into functional areas destined for active recreational users of the Park is presented, considered the interests of senior citizens, people with limited mobility, etc. Reconstruction of Parks of the Soviet period can provide the city with additional recreational opportunities, as well as increase its tourist attractiveness.

MURAL, KEKUATAN MODAL, DAN MASYARAKAT

DeKaVe ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akbar Annasher
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Communication Media ◽  
Mural Painting ◽  
The People ◽  
The Media ◽  
Mural Art ◽  
The City ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Special Region

Broadly speaking, this paper discusses the phenomenon of murals that are now spread in Yogyakarta Special Region, especially the city of Yogyakarta. Mural painting is an art with a media wall that has the elements of communication, so the mural is also referred to as the art of visual communication. Media is a media wall closest to the community, because the distance between the media with the audience is not limited by anything, direct and open, so the mural is often used as media to convey ideas, the idea of ??community, also called the media the voice of the people. Location of mural art in situations of public spatial proved inviting the owners of capital to use such means, in this case is the mural. Manufacturers of various products began racing the race to put on this wall media, as time goes by without realizing the essence of the actual mural art was forced to turn to the commercial essence, the only benefit some parties only, the power of public spaces gradually occupied by the owners of capital, they hopes that the community can view the contents of messages and can obtain information for the products offered. it brings motivation and cognitive and affective simultaneously in the community.Keywords: Mural, Public Space, and Society.

DEVELOPING HYBRID MEDIA INSTALLATION GAME IN TAMAN GAJAH TUNGGAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Agatha Maisie Tjandra ◽  
Lalitya Talitha Pinasthika ◽  
Rangga Winantyo
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Digital Game ◽  
Interactive Installation ◽  
City Parks ◽  
The City ◽  
Media Installation

In the recent five years, City parks have been developing rapidly in urban cities in Indonesia. Built in 2007, Taman Gajah Tunggal is one of the city parks located in Tangerang. This park is situated at The Center of Tangerang City on the edge of Cisadane River. Like many public spaces in Indonesia, this park has littering issues by visitors’ lack of care. This re- search is offered to develop social marketing by using a digital game for gaining awareness of Taman Gajah Tunggal’s visitors age 17-30 years old about littering issues. This paper focused on developing the prototyping process in iteration design method by using a digital game to suggest possibilities design for future development interactive installation design in public space which can bring a new experience.

scholarly journals Activating Data through Eco-Didactic Design in the Public Realm: Enabling Sustainable Development in Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4577
Author(s):  
Carmela Cucuzzella ◽  
Morteza Hazbei ◽  
Sherif Goubran
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Public Realm ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Art And Design ◽  
The Public ◽  
Community Based Design ◽  
The City

This paper explores how design in the public realm can integrate city data to help disseminate the information embedded within it and provide urban opportunities for knowledge exchange. The hypothesis is that such art and design practices in public spaces, as places of knowledge exchange, may enable more sustainable communities and cities through the visualization of data. To achieve this, we developed a methodology to compare various design approaches for integrating three main elements in public-space design projects: city data, specific issues of sustainability, and varying methods for activating the data. To test this methodology, we applied it to a pedogeological project where students were required to render city data visible. We analyze the proposals presented by the young designers to understand their approaches to design, data, and education. We study how they “educate” and “dialogue” with the community about sustainable issues. Specifically, the research attempts to answer the following questions: (1) How can we use data in the design of public spaces as a means for sustainability knowledge exchange in the city? (2) How can community-based design contribute to innovative data collection and dissemination for advancing sustainability in the city? (3) What are the overlaps between the projects’ intended impacts and the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)? Our findings suggest that there is a need for such creative practices, as they make information available to the community, using unconventional methods. Furthermore, more research is needed to better understand the short- and long-term outcomes of these works in the public realm.

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