Ethics of resuscitation for extremely premature infants: a systematic review of argument-based literature

2020 ◽  
pp. medethics-2020-106102
Author(s):  
Alice Cavolo ◽  
Bernadette Dierckx de Casterlé ◽  
Gunnar Naulaers ◽  
Chris Gastmans
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
English Language ◽  
Repeated Reading ◽  
Conceptual Scheme ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Main Concept ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Conceptual Schemes ◽  
Best Interest Principle

ObjectiveTo present (1) the ethical concepts related to the debate on resuscitation of extremely premature infants (EPIs) as they are described in the ethical literature; and (2) the ethical arguments based on these concepts.DesignWe conducted a systematic review of the ethical literature. We selected articles based on the following predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria: (1) English language articles (2) presenting fully elaborated ethical arguments (3) on resuscitation (4) of EPIs, that is, infants born before 28 weeks of gestation.AnalysisAfter repeated reading of articles, we developed individual summaries, conceptual schemes and an overall conceptual scheme. Ethical arguments and concepts were identified and analysed.ResultsForty articles were included out of 4709 screened. Personhood, best interest, autonomy and justice were concepts grounding the various arguments. Regarding these concepts, included authors agreed that the best interest principle should guide resuscitation decisions, whereas justice seemed the least important concept. The arguments addressed two questions: Should we resuscitate EPIs? Who should decide? Included authors agreed that not all EPIs should be resuscitated but disagreed on what criteria should ground this decision. Overall, included authors agreed that both parents and physicians should contribute to the decision.ConclusionsThe included publications suggest that while the best interest is the main concept guiding resuscitation decisions, justice is the least important. The included authors also agree that both parents and physicians should be actively involved in resuscitation decisions for EPIs. However, our results suggest that parents’ decision should be over-ridden when in contrast with the EPI’s best interest.

scholarly journals Analysis of a glide path creation necessity at the initial stages of endodontic treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Z. S. Khabadze ◽  
Yu. A. Generalova
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
English Language ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Path Creation ◽  
Glide Path ◽  
Iatrogenic Complications ◽  
Number Of Publications

Aim. Article is to detail the positive and negative aspects associated with the creation of a glide path with various types of endodontic instruments.Materials and methods. During a systematic review of the literature, Russian – and English-language publications were studied in the electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar. Articles, the content of which concerns the methods of creating a glide path, as well as possible complications were included in analysis.Results. 60 articles were reviewed during the review. After analyzing the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the total number of publications has become 32.Conclusions. According to the studied literature, it can be said that the glide path provides a predictable behavior of rotary tools and it is a recommended condition for achieving the success of endodontic treatment at the stage of canal mechanical treatment and preventing iatrogenic complications.

scholarly journals Further Study is Needed to Define and Measure the Use of Reflective Practice in Library and Information Science

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Perryman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reflective Practice ◽  
English Language ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Organizational Perspective

A review of: Grant, Maria J. “The Role of Reflection in the Library and Information Sector: A Systematic Review.” Health Information and Libraries Journal (2007) 24: 155-166. Objectives - To identify and review the literature of reflective practice in Library and Information Science (LIS) in order to understand its role, particularly with regard to health libraries. Design - Systematic review Setting - LIS English-language articles indexed in the Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA) database and published between 1969 and 2006. Subjects - 929 citations retrieved from the LISA database. Methods - The author conducted free text searches in the LISA database for the terms ‘reflective’ or ‘reflection*’ or ‘reflexion*.’ An initial search series was conducted in 2004 in order to retrieve items published between 1969-2003, then in 2007, for articles published between 2004-2006. In all, 929 article citations were retrieved. Exclusion criteria included those articles addressing the facilitation of reflective practices in others, as well as non-English language, and materials predating 1969. After review, 55 articles met the author’s relevance standard. Citation tracking then added 10 articles to the total. From this dataset, full text articles were obtained where possible, if determined on initial scrutiny to be deserving of further examination. Thirteen articles (.013%) were ultimately selected for analysis. These articles were categorized as analytical or non-analytical, with respect to perspective (individual or organizational), and recency of events (retrospective or recent). In addition, a determination was made about whether the articles’ focus was reflection occurring on (in retrospect to) or in (during) practice. Main results - Of 13 articles, 5 were found to be non-analytical, with the other 6 being analytical. Three of the non-analytical items were the reflections of an individual, while the remaining 2 offered an organizational perspective. The non-analytical accounts were found to be mostly descriptive accounts by an individual, mostly retrospective and offering no consideration of implications for LIS practice. Analytical reflective accounts attempt to systematically appraise events from the recent past, and draw conclusions in order to improve future actions. Conclusion – A gradual increase in the use of analytical reflective practice is demonstrated over the period from 1969-2006, although insufficient examples of the practice were found in the published literature. Reflective practice is likely to be beneficial to LIS practitioners, especially when time is spent in considering the implications of lessons learned from practice.

scholarly journals One-Minute Preceptor (OMP) applied teaching method

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Reihaneh Shagholi ◽  
Zahra Naimie ◽  
Chin Hai Leng ◽  
Rana Ahmed Abuzaid
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Traditional Model ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Exclusion Criteria

This systematic review was conducted by searching English language articles on one-minute preceptor one-minute preceptor (OMP) through five databases, including Web of Science, ProQuest, Scopus, Clinical Key and PubMed for the published articles from 2000 to 2017 using the following search term ‘OMP’ in titles and abstracts. After employing the exclusion criteria, 31 articles remained for detailed analysis. The main outcomes of the investigated studies were categorised into two main categories, namely: (1) OMP and develop effectiveness and (2) OMP and Traditional Model & SNAPPS. The OMP is simple to remember, easy to learn, learner-centred, improve behaviour and quality of feedback, engage more in getting commitments and apply prompts the concepts and learner’s knowledge and satisfaction of learner, and an effective and efficient teaching method. The OMP developed teaching and learning activities, to convert teaching into a conversation, with the thinking work being undertaken by the learner. Keywords: One-minute preceptor (OMP), systematic review, teaching method, applied, English language  

scholarly journals Spectrum of Neurological Symptoms in Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Biosynthesis Defects: Systematic Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Paprocka ◽  
Michał Hutny ◽  
Jagoda Hofman ◽  
Agnieszka Tokarska ◽  
Magdalena Kłaniewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
English Language ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Clinical Image ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Exclusion Criteria

Background: Mutations of genes involved in the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins lead to rare syndromes called glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins biosynthesis defects. Alterations of their structure and function in these disorders impair often fundamental processes in cells, resulting in severe clinical image. This study aimed to provide a systematic review of GPIBD cases reports published in English-language literature.Methods: The browsing of open-access databases (PubMed, PubMed Central. and Medline) was conducted, followed by statistical analysis of gathered information concerning neurological symptomatology. The inclusion criteria were: studies on humans, age at onset (<18 y.o.), and report of GPIBD cases with adequate data on the genetic background and symptomatology. Exclusion criteria were: publication type (manuscripts, personal communication, review articles); reports of cases of GPI biosynthesis genes mutations in terms of other disorders; reports of GPIBD cases concentrating on non-neurological symptoms; or articles concentrating solely on the genetic issues of GPI biosynthesis. Risk of bias was assessed using Joanna Brigs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists. Data synthesis was conducted using STATISTICA 13.3.721.1 (StatSoft Polska Sp. z.o.o.). Used tests were chi-square, Fisher's exact test (for differences in phenotype), and Mann-Whitney U test (for differences in onset of developmental delay).Results: Browsing returned a total of 973 articles which, after ruling out the repetitions and assessing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, led to final inclusion of 77 articles (337 GPIBD cases) in the analysis. The main outcomes were prevalence of neurological symptoms, onset and semiology of seizures and their response to treatment, and onset of developmental delay. Based on this data a synthesis of phenotypical differences between the groups of GPIBD cases and the general GPIBD cases population was made.Discussion: A synthetical analysis of neurological components in clinical image of GPIBD patients was presented. It highlights the main features of these disorders, which might be useful in clinical practice for consideration in differential diagnosis with children presenting with early-onset seizures and developmental delay. The limitation of this review is the scarcity of the specific data in some reports, concerning the semiology and onset of two main features of GPIBD.

scholarly journals Systematic review of prehospital haemostatic dressings

2019 ◽  
Vol 166 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Welch ◽  
J Barratt ◽  
A Peters ◽  
C Wright
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
English Language ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Military Forces ◽  
Language Studies

IntroductionHaemorrhage is one of the leading causes of battlefield and prehospital death. Haemostatic dressings are an effective method of limiting the extent of bleeding and are used by military forces extensively. A systematic review was conducted with the aim of collating the evidence on current haemostatic products and to assess whether one product was more effective than others.MethodsA systematic search and assessment of the literature was conducted using 13 health research databases including MEDLINE and CINAHL, and a grey literature search. Two assessors independently screened the studies for eligibility and quality. English language studies using current-generation haemostatic dressings were included. Surgical studies, studies that did not include survival, initial haemostasis or rebleeding and those investigating products without prehospital potential were excluded.Results232 studies were initially found and, after applying exclusion criteria, 42 were included in the review. These studies included 31 animal studies and 11 clinical studies. The outcomes assessed were subject survival, initial haemostasis and rebleeding. A number of products were shown to be effective in stopping haemorrhage, with Celox, QuikClot Combat Gauze and HemCon being the most commonly used, and with no demonstrable difference in effectiveness.ConclusionsThere was a lack of high-quality clinical evidence with the majority of studies being conducted using a swine haemorrhage model. Iterations of three haemostatic dressings, Celox, HemCon and QuikClot, dominated the studies, probably because of their use by international military forces and all were shown to be effective in the arrest of haemorrhage.

scholarly journals Opioid Antagonist in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 805
Author(s):  
Juan Fernando Ortiz ◽  
Claudio Cruz ◽  
Amrapali Patel ◽  
Mahika Khurana ◽  
Ahmed Eissa-Garcés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
English Language ◽  
Opioid Antagonist ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Novel Treatments ◽  
The Relationship

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability, and novel treatments need to be found, particularly drugs with neuroprotective and restorative effects. Lately, there has been an increased interest in the relationship between opioids and ischemic stroke. To further appreciate this association between opioids and stroke, we conducted a systematic review to investigate anti-opioid medication’s effectiveness in treating ischemic stroke. We used PubMed advanced-strategy and Google Scholar searches and only included full-text clinical trials on humans and written in the English language. After applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, seven clinical trials were reviewed. Only one of the naloxone and nalmefene clinical trials showed statistically favorable results. Overall, the nalmefene clinical trials used more updated measures (NIHSS, GOS) to evaluate recovery and functional status in ischemic stroke patients than the naloxone clinical trials. There was less bias in the nalmefene clinical trials. Animal and in vitro studies have showed promising results. Additional research should be conducted with new clinical trials of both drugs with larger samples in patients less than 70 years old and moderate to severe infarcts.

Chasing the Anchor: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Perceptual Anchoring Deficits in Developmental Dyslexia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt D Shulver ◽  
Nicholas A Badcock
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
English Language ◽  
Prediction Interval ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Eligibility Criteria

We report the results of a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the relationship between perceptual anchoring and dyslexia. Our goal was to assess the direction and degree of effect between perceptual anchoring and reading ability in typical and atypical (dyslexic) readers. We performed a literature search of experiments explicitly assessing perceptual anchoring and reading ability using PsycInfo (Ovid, 1860 to 2020), MEDLINE (Ovid, 1860 to 2019), EMBASE (Ovid, 1883 to 2019), and PubMed for all available years up to June (2020). Our eligibility criteria consisted of English-language articles and, at minimum, one experimental group identified as dyslexic - either by reading assessment at the time, or by previous diagnosis. We assessed for risk of bias using an adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Six studies were included in this review, but only five (n = 280 participants) were included in the meta-analysis (we were unable to access the necessary data for one study).The overall effect was negative, large and statistically significant; g = -0.87, 95% CI [-1.47, 0.27]: a negative effect size indicating less perceptual anchoring in dyslexic versus non-dyslexic groups. Visual assessment of funnel plot and Egger’s test suggest minimal bias but with significant heterogeneity; Q (4) = 9.70, PI (prediction interval) [-2.32, -0.58]. The primary limitation of the current review is the small number of included studies. We discuss methodological limitations, such as limited power, and how future research may redress these concerns. The variability of effect sizes appears consistent with the inherent variability within subtypes of dyslexia. This level of dispersion seems indicative of the how we define cut-off thresholds between typical reading and dyslexia populations, but also the methodological tools we use to investigate individual performance.

Covid-19 and Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review of Reported Cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Ahmed Saad ◽  
Mostafa Alfishawy ◽  
Mahmoud Nassar ◽  
Mahmoud Mohamed ◽  
Ignatius N Esene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
English Language ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Viral Illness

Introduction: Over 4.9 million cases of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been confirmed since the worldwide pandemic began. Since the emergence of COVID-19, a number of confirmed cases reported autoimmune manifestations. Herein, we reviewed the reported COVID-19 cases with associated autoimmune manifestations. Methods: We searched PubMed database using all available keyword for COVID-19. All related studies between January 1st, 2020 to May 22nd, 2020 were reviewed. Only studies published in English language were considered. Articles were screened based on titles and abstract. All reports of confirmed COVID-19 patients who have associated clinical evidence of autoimmune disease were selected. Results: Among 10006 articles, searches yielded, Thirty-two relevant articles for full-text assessment. Twenty studies meet the eligibility criteria. The twenty eligible articles reported 33 cases of confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis who developed an autoimmune disease after the onset of covid-19 symptoms. Ages of patients varied from a 6 months old infant to 89 years old female (Mean=53.9 years of 28 cases); five cases had no information regarding their age. The time between symptoms of viral illness and onset of autoimmune symptoms ranged from 2 days to 33 days (Mean of the 33 cases=9.8 days). Autoimmune diseases were one case of subacute thyroiditis (3%), two cases of Kawasaki Disease (6.1%), three cases of coagulopathy and antiphospholipid syndrome (9.1%), three cases of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (9.1%), eight cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (24.2%), and sixteen cases of Guillain–Barré syndrome (48.5%). Conclusions: COVID-19 has been implicated in the development in a range of autoimmune diseases which may shed a light on the association between autoimmune diseases and infections.

Adverse Effects of Natural Products: A Brief Pre-Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Pires ◽  
Ana Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adverse Event ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: Natural products are commonly used for treating health problems. These products may be associated with adverse events, which are defined as "noxious and unintended response to a medicinal product" by the European Medicine Agency. Objectives: To identify studies describing at least one adverse event (or with potential to promote an adverse event) related to the use of natural products, as well as to describe the involved product(s) and adverse event(s). Methods: A pre-systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria. Keywords: "natural product(s)" and ["adverse drug reaction(s)" or "adverse effect(s)"]. Screened databases: PubMed, SciELO, DOAJ and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria: papers describing at least one adverse event associated with the use of natural products and published between 2017 and 2019. Exclusion criteria: Repeated studies, reviews and papers written in other languages than English, Portuguese, French or Spanish. Results: 104 studies were identified (20 PubMed; 0 SciELO; 2 DOAJ; 82 Google Scholar), but only 10 were selected (4 PubMed and 6 Google Scholar): 1 in-vitro study; 2 non-clinical studies, 1 study reporting in-vitro and clinical data and 5 studies were cases reports. Globally, 997 reports of adverse drug reactions with natural products were identified, mainly non-severe cases. Conclusion: Since a limited number of studies was found, we conclude that adverse events due to natural products may be underreported, or natural products may have a good safety profile. This review contributes for assuring the safety of natural products consumers, by evaluating the knowledge/information on the potential adverse events and interactions of these products.

Effectiveness of mHealth Interventions on Physical Activity and Physical Fitness in Outpatient and Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs: A Systematic Review (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheeba Nadarajah ◽  
Susan Buchholz ◽  
Kristen Dickins
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
English Language ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Home Based

BACKGROUND Globally, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death. Cardiovascular mortality can be decreased by participation in cardiac rehabilitation. Researchers are exploring the use of mHealth technology in cardiac rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review is to examine the effectiveness of randomized controlled trials that use a mHealth intervention as a part of an outpatient and/or home-based cardiac rehabilitation program on improving physical activity and physical fitness outcomes. METHODS For this systematic review, mHealth interventions were limited to text messaging, mobile apps, and use of a mobile phone network for data transmission, used to deliver cardiac rehabilitation program. Using six databases, the search strategy included published English language studies through 2016. Data was extracted independently by two reviewers, and then synthesized. RESULTS The initial search yielded 149 articles, of which 15 articles that represented nine studies met inclusion criteria. Articles were published from 2010 to 2016 and came from two continents. The majority (84%) of participants were male. Generally, the participant mean age was late 50s to early 60s. Text messaging was the most frequently used intervention. The results of the physical activity and physical fitness findings were mixed. Effect sizes for intervention as measured by the 6-minute walk test ranged from 0.46 to 0.58 and peak VO2 ranged from 0.03 to 1.35. CONCLUSIONS Globally, use of mHealth in outpatient and/or home-based cardiac rehabilitation is being studied with greater attention. However, these studies are limited by geography, gender, and age. Therefore, further research in the area of cardiac rehabilitation and mHealth is recommended, especially in developing countries, among women, and older adults.

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