scholarly journals P.3.10 Causes and consequences of work accidents in estonian agriculture

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A99.1-A99
Author(s):  
Anni Enn ◽  
Eda Merisalu
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Work Accidents ◽  
Minor Injuries ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
Type Of Injury

IntroductionWork accidents (WA) in agriculture are a problem all over the world. There are over 1,3 billion agricultural workers, that counts more than 50% of all the worlds’ workforce. Even if the most of work tasks become more automated, farmers, family members and farm workers are facing risks at work that are higher than in most other occupations. Many accidents involve the handling of machinery or animals. The costs of WAs are increasing, exhausting national economy as a whole. The aim of this study is to analyse the main causes and consequences of WAs in Estonian agriculture.MethodThe database of accidents in agriculture (2008–2017) has obtained from the Estonian Labour Inspectorate. WAs statistics is based on official reports of employers. Causes and consequences including injury severity, type and body region are described in the present study.ResultsThe main cause of WAs in agriculture is disregarding of safety requirements (28,9%), whereas more than half of cases remain unclear. Loss of control over animals or machinery (33,4%), falling and slipping (21,5%) and an attack or an assault by cattle (15,8%) are the main activity-based reasons of WAs. During the last decade the most were minor injuries (72,8%). By the type of injury most often wounds and superficial injuries (40,4%), bone fractures (25,6%) and concussion or internal injuries (16,2%) have been registered. Upper and lower limbs (35,7% and 33,6%) were the most often injured body regions.ConclusionsAgriculture is a sector with high accident risks, where injury rate shows steady tendency to increase. It is important to pay more attention on improvement of safety culture and prevention of work accidents in agriculture.

Injury profile of a soccer player training center: An epidemiological study

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Rodolfo de Souza Melo ◽  
◽  
Mariana Tolentino Chaves ◽  
Renan de Souza Melo ◽  
Idiberto José Zotarelli-Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One ◽  
Game Position

Objective: To carry out an epidemiological analysis characterizing the type and location of the injury, severity based on recovery time, game position, and injury for hours of exposure. Methods: Data collection was carried out in the sub 15, sub 17, and sub 20 categories and verified records made by the medical team of the club, which was trained to use the F-MARC form (a form of the medical research center of the International Football Federation - FIFA) at the beginning of the season. To perform the data analysis, the GraphPad Prism software was used. All variables were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Results: In relation to the 129 athletes monitored during the season, 62 athletes presented some injury during the season, presenting 42.2 injuries for every 1000 hours of play, the Sub 15 category was the one with the highest incidence of injury, followed by the Sub17 and U20. The average time of leave after injury was 3.65 ± 4.2 weeks, the Defenders were the ones with the highest injury rate. There were 27 articular injuries (43.54%), 25 muscle injuries (40.32%), 9 bone injuries (15.41%), and one pathological injury (1.61%), and the most affected regions were ankle and knee. Conclusion: It is concluded that the moment of the game is the moment when the greatest number of injuries occurs, having a greater incidence in the athletes of the category Sub 15, the Defenders suffered more injuries and the Lower Limbs were more affected, mainly by articular traumas.

Injuries and Rapid Weight Loss in Elite Adolescent Taekwondo Athletes: A Korean Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ChanWoo Kim ◽  
Ki Jun Park
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Class ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objectives To report injury patterns associated with training activities of elite adolescent Taekwondo athletes who are expected to represent South Korea in the future. Methods Beginning in 2019, we prospectively collected data on elite adolescent Taekwondo athletes at the Korean Training Center. The athletes were assessed by sports medicine doctors, and data were stratified according to sex, weight class, injury location, injuries during the weight loss period, and weight loss method. We used χ2 tests were used to compare groups. Injury rates were expressed as Poisson rates with 95% confidence intervals. Results There were 117 male and 102 female elite adolescent Taekwondo athletes. The mean weight loss among athletes was 3.37 (±1.23) kg, and the mean duration of weight loss was 7.53 (±3.40) days. In general, all athletes used similar weight loss methods. We recorded 846 injuries (annual average, 3.98 injuries/athlete). In general, female athletes had higher injury rates than their male counterparts. Additionally, the athletes had significantly higher injury rates during weight loss periods than during other periods of training. When all athletes were considered, most injuries occurred in the lower extremities (63.2%), followed by the trunk (14.2%), upper extremities (16.3%), and the head and neck area (6.3%). The injury severity significantly influenced the body regions in weight categories. Conclusion Rapid weight loss is related to the incidence of sports damage in athletes. Most injuries occur during weight loss periods in South Korean elite adolescent Taekwondo athletes. Moreover, the injury rate and injury severity depends on weight class.

Type of injury and recovery time in elite adolescent Korean judo athletes: An epidemiological study

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412199095
Author(s):  
Hyun-Chul Kim ◽  
Ki-Jun Park
Keyword(s):  
Pain Score ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Weight Class ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Judo Athletes ◽  
Type Of Injury

We aimed to assess the risk of injury associated with training activities in a population of elite adolescent judo athletes, expected to represent South Korea. From 2019, we prospectively collected data on elite adolescent judo athletes at the Korean Training Center. The athletes were assessed by sports medicine doctors, and data were stratified according to sex, weight class, and injury location. We used χ2 tests to compare groups. Injury rates were expressed as Poisson rates with 95% confidence intervals. One-way analysis of variance was used to investigate the pain score and recovery time due to type of injury. The study included 240 elite adolescent judo athletes whose 617 injuries (annual average, 2.57 injuries/athlete) were recorded. When all athletes were considered, most injuries occurred in the lower extremities (39.71%), followed by the upper extremities (36.63%), trunk (16.69%), and head and neck area (6.97%). Recovery time significantly differed according to the body regions in the weight classes. The pain score and recovery time according to the type of injury were significantly different. When the pain score decreased by 1, the recovery time decreased by about 1.47 days. In all weight classes, female athletes had a higher injury rate than male athletes; both male and female athletes had different recovery time depending on their weight class. The type of injury influenced the pain score and recovery time, with pain score being associated with recovery time.

A Turbo Pascal Program to Convert Icd-9Cm Coded Injury Diagnoses into Injury Severity Scores: Icdtoais

1994 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 915-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Kingma ◽  
Elisabeth Tenvergert ◽  
Hinke Anja Werkman ◽  
Henk Jan Ten Duis ◽  
Henk J. Klasen
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Data File ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Pascal Program ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Severity Of Injury ◽  
Classification Of Diseases

Diagnoses of injuries as a result of trauma are commonly coded by means of the International Classification of Diseases (9th rev.) Clinical Modification (ICD-9CM). The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) is frequently employed to assess the severity of injury per body region. The Injury Severity Score (ISS) is an over-all index or summary of the severity of injury. To compute one of these two types of scores the entire medical record of each patient must be examined. The program ICDTOAIS replaces the manual coding or translation between the two scores. The program converts the ICD-9CM coded diagnoses into AIS and ISS scores. The program also computes the maximum AIS (MAXAIS) per body region, enabling the researcher to assess the relative impact of the severity of trauma of different body regions in both morbidity and mortality studies. The program locates invalid ICD-9CM rubrics in the data file. ICDTOAIS may be employed as a program alone or as a procedure in database management systems (e.g., DBase III plus, DBase IV, or the different versions of FOXPRO). The program is written in Turbo Pascal, Version 6.

scholarly journals Forensic expertise of the injury severity in fatally injured car-occupants

2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Slobodan Nikolic ◽  
Tatjana Atanasijevic ◽  
Vesna Popovic ◽  
Dragan Babic
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Forensic Expertise ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
The Face ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal

Introduction: There is no specific injury among fatally injured frontal car-occupants in frontal car collisions, used in forensic expertise. We tried to point out the usefulness of the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and Injury Severity Score (ISS) for the expertise in such cases. Objective Analyzing the severity of body region injuries and total injury severity of deceased car occupants, to point out their importance in forensic expertise. Method Retrospective autopsy study was performed. Autopsy records of all deceased car-occupants in frontal car collisions were analyzed in order to establish the severity of injuries in body regions (AIS) and total severity of injuries (ISS). Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test, t-test, and logistic regression, with significance set at p<0.05. Results A total of 500 cases were analyzed: 282 car-drivers and 218 front car-passengers, average age of 41.48?15.31 and 39.78?16.93. There were 401 males and 99 females. The most injured body region was head with neck: AIS=3.50?2.48, for car-drivers, and AIS=3.54?2.50, for front car-passengers, as well as thorax: AIS=3.63?2.16 car-drivers, and AIS=3.37?2.14, for front car-passengers. More severe injuries of head (AIS?4) suggested that deceased was a front car-passenger (Wald =13.27; p=0.04). More severe injuries of thorax and abdomen (AIS?5) indicated that deceased was a car-driver (Wald=5.72; p=0.02, and Wald=8.23; p=0.01, respectively). The injury severity of the face and limbs were useless in such expertise (Wald=1.72; p=0.19, and Wald=0.89; p=0.34, respectively). An average ISS was 57.31?20.16 for car-drivers, and 54.54?21.01 for front car passengers. The ISS value was useless in expertise (t=1.50; p=0.13, and Wald=2.24; p=0.13). Conclusion As the injury of the head is more severe, the deceased is more likely to be the front car-passenger. Severe thoracic and abdominal injuries are more characteristic for cardrivers. A total injury severity is useless for forensic expertise in cases of fatally injured in car collisions.

scholarly journals Characterization of Fatal Injuries in Oil and Gas Industry-Related Helicopter Accidents in the Gulf of Mexico, 2004–2014

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Yeoman ◽  
Mary B O'Connor ◽  
Gerald Poplin ◽  
Sara Sochor
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Leg Injuries ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
Government Records ◽  
Minor Injuries

Abstract Background: Transportation events are the most common cause of offshore fatalities in the oil and gas industry, and helicopter accidents comprise the majority of transportation events. Little is known about injury distributions in civilian helicopter crashes, and helicopter passengers continue to die in crashes that are considered survivable. Knowledge of injury distributions could focus research and recommendations for injury prevention and post-crash survival. The objective of this study was to describe the distribution of injuries among fatalities in oil and gas industry-related helicopter accidents in the Gulf of Mexico. Methods: Pilots and passengers of accidents during 2004–2014 were identified from government records and media reports. Autopsy reports were requested from the responsible jurisdictions. Each documented injury was coded using the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), and frequency and proportion of injuries by AIS body region and severity were calculated. Injuries were also categorized into more detailed body regions to identify focused areas of prevention and control. Results: Minor injuries were most prevalent in the face, neck, upper and lower extremities, and abdomen. Serious or worse injuries were most prevalent in the thorax, spine, head, and external/other regions. The most frequent injuries by detailed body regions were thoracic organ, thoracic skeletal, abdominal organ, and leg injuries. Drowning occurred in 37.1% of victims.Conclusions: The proportion of minor, moderate, and severe or worse injuries differed by body region, and the most frequent injuries occurred in the thorax and lower extremity regions.

scholarly journals Effect of ACTN3 R577X Genotype on Injury Epidemiology in Elite Endurance Runners

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Jorge Gutiérrez-Hellín ◽  
Gabriel Baltazar-Martins ◽  
Millán Aguilar-Navarro ◽  
Carlos Ruiz-Moreno ◽  
Jesús Oliván ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Rate ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Muscle Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Injury Epidemiology ◽  
Endurance Runners ◽  
Type Of Injury ◽  
Genotype A

The p.R577X polymorphism (rs1815739) in the ACTN3 gene causes individuals with the ACTN3 XX genotype to be deficient in functional α-actinin-3. Previous investigations have found that XX athletes are more prone to suffer non-contact muscle injuries. This investigation aimed to determine the influence of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism in the injury epidemiology of elite endurance athletes. Using a cross-sectional experiment, the epidemiology of running-related injuries was recorded for one season in a group of 89 Spanish elite endurance runners. ACTN3 R577X genotype was obtained for each athlete using genomic DNA samples. From the study sample, 42.7% of athletes had the RR genotype, 39.3% had the RX genotype, and 18.0% had the XX genotype. A total of 96 injuries were recorded in 57 athletes. Injury incidence was higher in RR runners (3.2 injuries/1000 h of running) than in RX (2.0 injuries/1000 h) and XX (2.2 injuries/1000 h; p = 0.030) runners. RR runners had a higher proportion of injuries located in the Achilles tendon, RX runners had a higher proportion of injuries located in the knee, and XX runners had a higher proportion of injuries located in the groin (p = 0.025). The ACTN3 genotype did not affect the mode of onset, the severity, or the type of injury. The ACTN3 genotype slightly affected the injury epidemiology of elite endurance athletes with a higher injury rate in RR athletes and differences in injury location. However, elite ACTN3 XX endurance runners were not more prone to muscle-type injuries.

scholarly journals Heat dissipation in subterranean rodents: the role of body region and social organisation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
František Vejmělka ◽  
Jan Okrouhlík ◽  
Matěj Lövy ◽  
Gabriel Šaffa ◽  
Eviatar Nevo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Subterranean Rodents ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Social Species ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Body Heat ◽  
Solitary Species

AbstractThe relatively warm and very humid environment of burrows presents a challenge for thermoregulation of its mammalian inhabitants. It was found that African mole-rats dissipate body heat mainly through their venter, and social mole-rats dissipate more body heat compared to solitary species at lower temperatures. In addition, the pattern of the ventral surface temperature was suggested to be homogeneous in social mole-rats compared to a heterogeneous pattern in solitary mole-rats. To investigate this for subterranean rodents generally, we measured the surface temperatures of seven species with different degrees of sociality, phylogeny, and climate using infrared thermography. In all species, heat dissipation occurred mainly through the venter and the feet. Whereas the feet dissipated body heat at higher ambient temperatures and conserved it at lower ambient temperatures, the ventral surface temperature was relatively high in all temperatures indicating that heat dissipation to the environment through this body region is regulated mainly by behavioural means. Solitary species dissipated less heat through their dorsum than social species, and a tendency for this pattern was observed for the venter. The pattern of heterogeneity of surface temperature through the venter was not related to sociality of the various species. Our results demonstrate a general pattern of body heat exchange through the three studied body regions in subterranean rodents. Besides, isolated individuals of social species are less able to defend themselves against low ambient temperatures, which may handicap them if staying alone for a longer period, such as during and after dispersal events.

scholarly journals Musculoskeletal disorders among rice farmers in Phimai District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 494-503
Author(s):  
Ekarat Sombatsawat ◽  
Titaporn Luangwilai ◽  
Parichat Ong-artborirak ◽  
Wattasit Siriwong
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Body Regions

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and determine factors influencing MSDs among rice farmers. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional study was carried out among 156 rice farmers from 14 villages in Tarnlalord sub-district, Phimai district, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand, from February 2017 to March 2017. Face-to-face interviews, including demographics, work characteristics and musculoskeletal pain, were conducted using a modified standardized Nordic questionnaire. Findings The results revealed that both 78 males and 78 females participated in the study to which the average of age and body mass index (BMI) was 45.5±11.4 years and 24.9±4.0 kg/m2, respectively. All rice farmers reported MSDs in at least one body region during the six months preceding the interview. The highest prevalence of MSDs showed 86.5 percent in the lower back area, followed by 85.9 percent in the neck, and 80.7 percent in the shoulders. The analysis of binary logistic regression and Spearman’s rank correlation showed that factors such as gender, age, BMI, work experience and farm size influence MSDs’ occurrence, and pain severity in one or more body regions (p < 0.05). Originality/value Musculoskeletal injuries are a significant health problem in rice farmers. The study indicated that appropriate agricultural practices such as working posture, equipment size selection and carrying loads should be recommended to prevent MSDs. Thus, the occupational health and safety services in agricultural workers are needed.

scholarly journals Massive Edema of the Lower Limbs in Patients after Spinal Cord Injury—One Picture, Different Diagnoses

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4219
Author(s):  
Magdalena Mackiewicz-Milewska ◽  
Małgorzata Cisowska-Adamiak ◽  
Katarzyna Sakwińska ◽  
Iwona Szymkuć-Bukowska ◽  
Iwona Głowacka-Mrotek
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Heterotopic Ossification ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Pain Sensation ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Cord Injury

Diagnosis of the cause of massive edema of the lower limbs in patients after spinal cord injury (SCI) can be difficult because of loss of pain sensation, commonly occurring in this group of patients. This paper reviews several different pathologies that can lead to lower-limb edema and the associated diagnostic difficulties. We present four cases of patients with massive edemas of lower limbs at different times after SCI undergoing treatment in the Department of Rehabilitation, University Hospital in Bydgoszcz, Poland. All patients had a lack of pain sensation in the lower limbs and significantly elevated levels of D-dimer. In two cases, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and intramuscular hematomas (IHs) were diagnosed. IHs were probably a consequence of antithrombotic treatments implemented due to the occurrence of DVT. Heterotopic ossification (HO) was diagnosed in a third case, and, in another patient, who was hospitalized for the longest period after injury, we found humeral bone fractures. Heterotopic ossification, intramuscular haematomas, and bone fractures of the lower limb can mimic DVT. Careful observation of the edema evolution is recommended, as the onset of new symptoms may indicate a different cause of edema from that initially established.

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