scholarly journals Forensic expertise of the injury severity in fatally injured car-occupants

2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Slobodan Nikolic ◽  
Tatjana Atanasijevic ◽  
Vesna Popovic ◽  
Dragan Babic
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Forensic Expertise ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
The Face ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal

Introduction: There is no specific injury among fatally injured frontal car-occupants in frontal car collisions, used in forensic expertise. We tried to point out the usefulness of the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and Injury Severity Score (ISS) for the expertise in such cases. Objective Analyzing the severity of body region injuries and total injury severity of deceased car occupants, to point out their importance in forensic expertise. Method Retrospective autopsy study was performed. Autopsy records of all deceased car-occupants in frontal car collisions were analyzed in order to establish the severity of injuries in body regions (AIS) and total severity of injuries (ISS). Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test, t-test, and logistic regression, with significance set at p<0.05. Results A total of 500 cases were analyzed: 282 car-drivers and 218 front car-passengers, average age of 41.48?15.31 and 39.78?16.93. There were 401 males and 99 females. The most injured body region was head with neck: AIS=3.50?2.48, for car-drivers, and AIS=3.54?2.50, for front car-passengers, as well as thorax: AIS=3.63?2.16 car-drivers, and AIS=3.37?2.14, for front car-passengers. More severe injuries of head (AIS?4) suggested that deceased was a front car-passenger (Wald =13.27; p=0.04). More severe injuries of thorax and abdomen (AIS?5) indicated that deceased was a car-driver (Wald=5.72; p=0.02, and Wald=8.23; p=0.01, respectively). The injury severity of the face and limbs were useless in such expertise (Wald=1.72; p=0.19, and Wald=0.89; p=0.34, respectively). An average ISS was 57.31?20.16 for car-drivers, and 54.54?21.01 for front car passengers. The ISS value was useless in expertise (t=1.50; p=0.13, and Wald=2.24; p=0.13). Conclusion As the injury of the head is more severe, the deceased is more likely to be the front car-passenger. Severe thoracic and abdominal injuries are more characteristic for cardrivers. A total injury severity is useless for forensic expertise in cases of fatally injured in car collisions.

Skull and Face Injuries and Associated Factors in Pedestrian Victims of Traffic Accidents: A Single Trauma Center Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Josimara A. de Araújo Varela ◽  
Tatiana F.T. Palitot ◽  
Smyrna L.X. de Souza ◽  
Alidianne F.C. Cavalcanti ◽  
Alessandro L. Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Face ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The City

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the presence of lesions in the skull and face and the associated factors in pedestrian victims of traffic accidents. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study carried out through the analysis of medical records of pedestrian victims of traffic accidents in an emergency service in the city of Campina Grande, Brazil, during the year of 2016. Information was collected regarding gender, age group, day of the week, time of the accident, type of vehicle involved, presence of trauma to the skull and face, and outcomes. The Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests were used, with a significance level of 5%. Results: A total of 1,884 medical records were evaluated, out of which 7.1% (n = 133) involved pedestrians. Men were the most frequent victims (68.4%), and victims of age 60 years old or over (30.5%) predominated. Almost one-third of the cases were recorded during the weekends (30.5%), and the most prevalent time was at night (52.7%). Regarding the type of vehicle involved, motorcycles predominated (47.4%). Head trauma was present in 37.6% of victims, while facial injuries corresponded to 8.2%. In 12% of cases, the victims died. The variables of gender, age group, occurrence on weekends, and trauma to the face showed a statistically significant association with the occurrence of traffic accidents (Chi-square test; p<0.05). Conclusion: Among pedestrian victims of traffic accidents, there is a predominance of men aged 65 years or over. Accidents are frequent at night, and motorcycles are the main vehicles involved. The presence of trauma to the skull and face regions is high.

scholarly journals Maxillofacial injuries among Brazilian children and adolescents victims of traffic accidents

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís Gonzaga de FARIAS ◽  
Rebeca Valeska Soares PEREIRA ◽  
Lorenna Mendes Temóteo BRANDT ◽  
Thaliny Batista Sarmento de OLIVEIRA ◽  
Alidianne Fábia Cabral XAVIER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Maxillofacial Injuries ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of morbidity due to traffic accidents in children and adolescents and its relationship with maxillofacial injuries in the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed 533 forensic reports of individuals aged 0-19 years, victims of external causes in Campina Grande, Brazil, in 2013. Data were collected through a form containing variables sex, age, day of week, time, type of traffic accident, injured body region, presence of fractures, maxillofacial and oral cavity injuries. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS) was used for data analysis. Prevalence ratios and confidence intervals at 95% were estimated with the chi-square test. RESULTS: There was predominance of males (75.0%) aged 15-19 years (65.0%), with association between sex and occurrence of traffic accidents (p <0.001). The afternoon shift recorded 36.7% of cases of accidents involving motorcyclists (55.0%). In 25.0% of cases, there were injuries on the head and 26.7% on the face. Head and face injuries were observed in 10.0% of patients, while maxillofacial and oral cavity injuries were present in 21.7% and 6.7%, respectively. There was an association between occurrence of accident and face injuries (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: Traffic accidents affect mostly young male individuals, causing multiple injuries in different body areas, including maxillofacial and oral cavity injuries.

scholarly journals Prevalência de lesões em atletas de Brazilian jiu-jitsu: comparação entre diferentes níveis competitivos

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Nelson da Silva Júnior ◽  
Rafael Lima Kons ◽  
Rodolfo André Dellagrana ◽  
Daniele Detanico
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Injury Occurrence ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance

This study aimed to identify types and sites of body injury, location of injury occurrence, and the mechanism and severity of injuries in novice and advanced Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) athletes. One hundred and eight BJJ athletes took part in this study separated in two groups: advanced (n = 53) and novice (n = 55). Athletes answered a questionnaire concerning regions of injury, locality of occurrence, injury severity and mechanism. Chi square test and a logistic regression analysis were used with the level of significance set at p < 0.05. The main results showed that shoulders and knees were the most injury location reported by novice and advanced athletes. Novice athletes demonstrated higher prevalence of injuries during training sessions (54.5%), whereas advanced athletes reported more injuries during competitions (66.1%). Significant associations between novice and advanced athletes were observed for major joints (p < 0.05). The odds ratio of having injury was 70-87% less for novice versus advanced athletes for the major joints cited. We concluded that BJJ athletes demonstrate high prevalence of injury mainly at knee and shoulder. While risk of injury appeared less in novice, the advanced demonstrated higher number of injuries during competitions as a consequence of injured joint keys. By contrast, novice athletes reported higher number of injuries associated with training sessions as a consequence of overuse.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Mechanism of Injuries in Male Beach Soccer Players

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Sharifatpour ◽  
Mahdieh Akochakian ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Alizadeh ◽  
Hamid Abbassi
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Performance Factors ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Spss Software

Introduction: One of the preventing injuries methods is recognizing common injuries in sports and causative factors of injury. The aims of this study was to investigate the injuries of beach soccer players in terms of prevalence and mechanism. Methods: The present study is a Cross-sectional and descriptive research that was conducted as a field study. Forty players were selected randomly from two teams of the Yazd province in premier country league that took place in 2019. For recording prevalence and mechanism of injuries, the modified injury report form by Fuller et al. (2006) was used. The SPSS software version 25 and  the chi-square test at a significance level P < 0.05 were used for statistical analysis. Results: In total, the most common injuries of beach soccer were in lower extremities (%69.84), and for injury severity, %31.75 were severed injury, and in terms of the type of injuries, the strain was the most of the injuries occurred (%33.33). The amount of injury during the match (%60.26) was higher than the time of training (%39.68). The degree of contact injuries %73.02 was significantly higher than non-contact injuries %26.98 (p <0.05). Conclusion: Most of the injuries in beach soccer are caused by playing bare foot and  lack of shoes and guards on the legs and feet, and then on the knee. Contact of players is one of the main sources of injury in beach soccer, which is likely to be effective in preventing injury by changing training, implementing proper techniques, and improving performance factors by using injuries preventive programs.

Unveiling the Natural History of Category 4 Tropical Cyclones: The Puerto Rico Trauma Hospital Experience after Hurricane Maria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ediel O. Ramos-Meléndez ◽  
Mariely Nieves-Plaza ◽  
Julio López-Maldonado ◽  
Laura Ramírez-Martínez ◽  
Lourdes Guerrios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Injury Mechanisms ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT Objectives: The hazardous environmental conditions hurricanes create might increase injury incidence almost 7 times. Therefore, a cohort study was performed at the Puerto Rico Trauma Hospital to compare morbidity and mortality patterns of patients after Hurricane Maria with a control period. Methods: Admissions from September 20, 2017, through January 20, 2018, constituted the post-Maria period (473 patients); the corresponding months of the previous year comprised the pre-Maria period (439 patients). Comparisons were done using Pearson’s chi-square or Mann-Whitney U-tests, as appropriate. A logistic regression was performed to assess the association between mortality and the study period. Results: Postlandfall admissions among patients aged 40-64 y increased by 6.6%, while among subjects between ages 18 and 39 y dropped by 7.0% (P = 0.03). Falls, gunshots, and burns were the injury mechanisms that varied the most across the exposure period. The median Injury Severity Score (13 vs 12; P = 0.05) and the frequency of Glasgow Coma Scale scores ≤8 (17.1% vs 10.9%; P = 0.03) were higher among poststorm patients. Moreover, a 2-fold (odds ratio = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.07-3.47) increase in mortality was observed after Maria, when adjusting for covariates. Conclusions: Following a hurricane, trauma centers might expect an older population, with more severe injuries and a 2-fold increased mortality risk.

Epidemiology of injuries in judo: a cross-sectional survey of severe injuries based on time loss and reduction in sporting level

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (17) ◽  
pp. 1109-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Akoto ◽  
Christophe Lambert ◽  
Maurice Balke ◽  
Bertil Bouillon ◽  
Karl-Heinz Frosch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Exclusion Criterion ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Injury Type ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Performance Reduction ◽  
Vertebral Disc ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Sporting Performance

BackgroundSport injury severity can be detected by duration of time loss and reduction of sporting performance.AimTo detect injury type-specific time loss duration and sporting performance reduction in judo.MethodsAn online survey of active and former judo athletes was conducted (exclusion criterion: incomplete questionnaire). Only injuries causing more than 3 weeks’ time loss were recorded. Athletes classified themselves into performance classes. Injury type-specific frequencies were recorded according to gender, age and performance level. Injury severity was assessed by time loss duration and performance reduction.ResultsThe study included 4659 athletes (65% male, 38% competitive sports). The most commonly injured body regions were the upper extremity (41%) and the lower extremity (39%). Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures were the most severe injury type (time loss: 4% of cases 3–6 weeks, 6% 6–12 weeks, 26% 3–6 months, 32% 6–9 months, 18% 9–12 months, 14%>12 months; performance reduction: 32% same level, 39% slightly reduced, 24% strongly reduced, 5% stopped judo). The second most severe type of injury was a vertebral disc prolapse (time loss: 26% 3–6 weeks, 31% 6–12 weeks, 20% 3–6 months, 7% 6–9 months, 3% 9–12 months 13%>12 months; reduction of sporting performance: 39% same level, 34% slightly reduced, 20% strongly reduced, 8% stopped judo).ConclusionAcross genders and performance levels, ACL ruptures and vertebral disc prolapses were the most severe injuries with respect to time loss and sporting performance reduction.

scholarly journals Injury Severity Score (ISS) vs. ICD-derived Injury Severity Score (ICISS) in a patient population treated in a designated Hong Kong trauma centre

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney S.N. Wong ◽  
Gilberto K.K. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity Score ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Trauma Centre ◽  
Trauma Centers ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
New Type ◽  
Trauma And Injury

Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) has been the benchmark of mortality riskin trauma centers for over 30 years. TRISS utilizes the Injury Severity Score (ISS) as an index ofanatomical injury. This study investigated the efficacy of a new type of index of anatomical injury called the ICD-derived Injury Severity Score (ICISS) compared to the ISS using a logisticregression analysis and a global chi-square test of the areas under the Receiver OperatorCharacteristic (ROC) curves. We found that the empirically derived ICISS performed as well as the consensus derived ISS with no statistical differences between their respective area under the ROC curves.

scholarly journals Relation between the Location of the Mandibular Fracture and the Incidence of Post ORIF Malocclusion in H. Adam Malik Central General Hospital Medan, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 3752-3755
Author(s):  
Eben E. Manalu ◽  
Frank Bietra Buchari ◽  
Utama Abdi Tarigan
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Mandibular Fracture ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mandible Fracture ◽  
The Face ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Mandible fracture is the second most common fracture of the face. Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) has gained popularity with improvement in plating materials and regined of surgical technique. The most common complication documented in post-ORIF patients with mandible fracture was malocclusion and the most frequent locations are at angles and subcondylar. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the location of mandible fracture and the incidence of  post-ORIF malocclusion at H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the location of mandibular fracture and the incidence of  post-ORIF malocclusion at RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan. Methods: This study is an analytical study with cross sectional design. Subject of this study amounted to 57 people. Data were collected through medical record at Adam Malik Medan General Hospital during period of August 2016 until March 2017. Data were analyzed by using Chi-Square test. Results: From the 57 cases of this mandibular fracture showed that male gender 55 people (96%), fracture location on parasymphisis 35 people (61%), the most often etiology is due to traffic accident 53 people (92%), meanwhile, there were not found the post-ORIF incidence of malocclusion in 52 people (79%). Based on the Chi-Square test, p=0.63 showed that there is no relationship between the location of the mandibular fracture and the incidence of post-ORIF malocclusion. Conclusion: The study shows that there is no relationship between the location of the mandibular fracture and the incidence of post-ORIF malocclusion.

scholarly journals Knowledge and practices of recording and maintaining patients ‘dental records among private dental practitioners of Delhi, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. e214995
Author(s):  
Gurkiran Kaur ◽  
Abhishek Mehta ◽  
Aastha Sahani ◽  
Shradha Malik
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Face ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dental Records ◽  
Study Participants

Proper recording and keeping dental records are an important part of any dental practice. It helps in improving patient care, has medico-legal importance and play significant role in human identification during mass disasters or criminal offences. Aim: To assess the knowledge and practices of recording and maintaining patients ‘records among private dental practitioners of Delhi, India. Methods: Data for this cross-sectional study was collected from 160 dentists of Delhi using a self-administered questionnaire. The face and content validity as well as reliability of questionnaire was tested before the final data collection. A single trained examiner collected all the necessary information via personal visits or google forms. Chi-square test was applied to check the statistically significant difference between the dichotomous independent variables with respect to study participants’ responses to the questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 34.5 (SD 7.2) years.Digital method of recording patient’s data and x-ray storage was more prevalent than manual method among the study participants. Slightly more than 40% of the dentists were keeping patient’s records safe for a period of 6 to 10 years. Younger dentists with lesser years of practice were more explicit in recording and correcting patient records. Conclusion: Results of this study shows that private dental practitioners of Delhi are aware of medico-legal importance of dental records. Most of them were recording important findings and history of their patients. Dentists must be educated in two aspects namely correct method of recording and the ideal duration of storing their patients’ dental records.

scholarly journals Investigation of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Evaluation of Physical Condition while Working with RULA Method in Dentists of Ilam Health Centers in 2011

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mohamad KARAPOR ◽  
Hojatollah KAKAEI ◽  
Zahra ZARGOSH ◽  
Hoatollah HAJIZADEH ◽  
Hakim BEKRI ZADEH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Priority Level ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Dental Profession ◽  
Age Range

Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders are multifactorial and caused by various factors. In the dental profession, the risk of musculoskeletal disorders is high due to the position of the body. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in dentists in Ilam. Methods: The present study is a descriptive-analytical evaluating the working conditions of dentists working in Ilam health centers by RULA method. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was also collected using the standard Nordic questionnaire. Dentists' postures were recorded while working using a camera, and the most frequent poses were selected and analyzed by RULA method. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 with chi-square test and a significance level of p <0.05. Results: In this study, 18 dentists have participated with a mean age of 39.2 and an age range of 25-47 years, of which 16.7% (3 people) were female, and 83.3% (15 people) were male. The 12-month prevalence of disorders in different areas of the body was mostly the waist (77.8%), the neck and back (66.7%), and the knees (38.9 %). The results of the RULA method showed that 16.7% and 83.3% of the peoples were in the priority level of corrective action 2 and 3, respectively. Conclusion: According to the achieved results, the dentists have missed many days of work and daily activities due to the pain in different body regions. Therefore, designing sports and training programs can be helpful in the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders.

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