The influence of a basic military training diet on whole blood fatty acid profile and the Omega-3 Index of Australian Army recruits.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory E. Peoples ◽  
Penelope Larsen ◽  
Heather M Bowes ◽  
Jarrin Coombes ◽  
Jace R Drain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Finger Prick ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Army Recruits

This study described the whole blood fatty acid profile and Omega-3 Index (O3I) of Australian Army recruits at the commencement and completion of basic military training (BMT). Eighty (80) males (17-34 y, 77.4±13.0 kg, 43.5±4.3 mL/kg/min) and 37 females (17-45 y, 64.3±8.8 kg, 39.3±2.7 mL/kg/min) volunteered to participate (N=117). Whole blood samples of each recruit were collected using a finger prick in weeks 1 and 11 (n=82) and analysed via gas chromatography for the relative proportions of each fatty acid (mean [95% CI]). The macronutrient characteristics of the diet offerings was also determined. At commencement there was a low omega-3 status (sum of omega-3; 4.95% [4.82-5.07]) and O3I (5.03% [4.90-5.16]) and no recruit recorded an O3I >8% (desirable). The omega-6/omega-3 (7.04 [6.85-7.23]) and arachidonic acid / eicosapentaenoic acid (AA/EPA) (18.70 [17.86-19.53]) ratios for the cohort were also undesirable. The BMT mess menu provided a maximum of 190 mg/day of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 260 mg/day of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The O3I of the recruits was lower by week 11 (4.62% [4.51-4.78], p<0.05), the omega-6/omega-3 increased (7.27 [7.07-7.47] p<0.05) and the AA/EPA remained elevated (17.85 [16.89-18.81]). In conclusion, Australian Army recruits’ omega-3 status remained undesirable during BMT and deserves nutritional attention. Novelty Bullets • Australian Army recruits’ Omega-3 Index, at the commencement of BMT, was reflective of the Western-style diet. • The BMT diet offered minimum opportunity for daily EPA and DHA consumption. • Every recruit experienced a further reduction of their Omega-3 Index during BMT.

scholarly journals Characteristic Squalene compounds Shark Liver Oil of home industry product in Pelabuhan Ratu

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Ayu Insani ◽  
Sugeng Heri Suseno ◽  
Agoes Mardiono Jacoeb
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Shark Liver Oil ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
3 Omega ◽  
Dominant Fatty Acid

Omega-3, Omega-6, Omega-9 fatty acids and Squalene are an active component of fish oil that are<br />beneficial to the human health. Squalene is countained in shark liver oil (Centrophorus sp.). The aim of<br />this research was to determine the quality and characterization of fish oil from of household production<br />at Pelabuhan Ratu. The analysis is the fatty acid profile, primer and sekunder oxidation and determine<br />the content of compounds squalene contained in the shark liver oil. The fatty acid profile showed that the<br />dominant fatty acid is oleic aced (28.22%). EPA and DHA of shark liver oil are 1.54% and 4.78% respectively.<br />The test results of parameter value of primary and secondary showed shark liver oil has a high oxidation<br />value of PV (17.73 mEg/kg), p-AV (29.32 mEg/kg), TOTOX (64.78 mEg/kg) and FFA (4.65%). The value<br />of the density and viscosity of the shark liver oil of 0.91 g/cm3 and 38.18 cPs. Clarity shark liver oil at a<br />wavelength of 450 nm is 84.98%. GC-MS showed that squalene peak appears at the retention time of 23.357<br />and 23.285 minutes with a total area of 12.49% and 22.14% for crude and pure (reffine) shark liver oil and<br />its molecular weight was 410.391 g/mol.<br /><br />

scholarly journals Effect of natural feed additives on meat quality and caecotrophic fatty acid profile of New Zealand rabbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Zocolara NÓIA ◽  
Andrea Maria de Araújo GABRIEL ◽  
Alexandre Rodrigo Mendes FERNANDES ◽  
Nara Regina Brandão CÔNSOLO ◽  
Claudia Andrea Lima CARDOSO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

ABSTRACT The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effects of commercial probiotic and chitosan as food additives on the quality and meat composition of 36 New Zealand White rabbits (57 ± 8 days old and 1,648 ± 0.194 kg) and on the fatty acid profile of caecotrophs. The treatments were CT (diets without inclusion of additives), PRO (inclusion of 4 g / kg of commercial probiotic) and CHI (inclusion of 4 g / kg of chitosan). The additives increased triglycerides and decreased urea compared to the control group, as well as increased oleic and linoleic acids, Ʃ unsaturated, Ʃ monounsaturated and Ʃ polyunsaturated in caecotrophs. CHI animals showed a decrease in myristic and palmitic acids compared to PRO. CHI decreased the meat's crude protein and the meat's fat. In addition, there was a decrease in omega-3, omega-6 and the relationship unsaturated and saturated fatty acids for the CHI group and an increase in erucic acid and a decrease in the rate of hypocholesterolemic acids. As a conclusion, the data showed that the animals that ingested probiotic had better meat quality, for having better fatty acid profile and hypocholesterolemic index, compared to the treatment with chitosan. The additives improved the caecotrophs fatty acid profile.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Profile of Captive Barb Fish (Barbonymus balleroides)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 00016
Author(s):  
Syahfitri Anita ◽  
Haryono Haryono ◽  
Gema Wahyudewantoro
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Unsaturated Fat ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Nutrition Source

Barbonymus balleroides or barb fish is a freshwater fish that threaten by overexploitation and overfishing in their natural habitat. Our continuous investigation showed that fat content of barb fish that has been maintained in our pond facility for more than 1 year was decreasing. Since fatty acid (FA) is important property for farmed fish therefore it is essential to evaluate fatty acid profile of flesh and byproduct of captive Barb Fish. Captive fishes were originated from two different locations, Serayu River, Banjarnegara and Cipunagara River, Cianjur. FA composition of flesh and byproduct of fishes were analyzed using Gas Chromatography. Result showed that both flesh and byproduct of both origin contained good quality of FA particularly omega 3 and omega 6 and other beneficial unsaturated fat, omega 9. However captive barb fish showed lower FA composition than wild barb fish that could be influenced by its feed and other environmental parameter. The high composition of FA in barb fish byproduct indicated its potency to be utilized further for nutrition source. This study showed the needed to make further improvement in barb fish cultivation so that it could produces high quality farmed fish.

scholarly journals Omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels are reduced in whole blood of Italian patients with a recent myocardial infarction: the AGE-IM study

2014 ◽  
Vol 232 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franca Marangoni ◽  
Giuseppina Novo ◽  
Giampiero Perna ◽  
Pasquale Perrone Filardi ◽  
Salvatore Pirelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Recent Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Omega 6

Effects of 2,4-thiazolidinedione (TZD) on milk fatty acid profile and serum vitamins in dairy goats challenged with intramammary infusion of Streptococcus uberis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Chia-Yu Tsai ◽  
Fernanda Rosa ◽  
Massimo Bionaz ◽  
Pedram Rezamand
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis ◽  
Β Carotene

Abstract The study included two experiments. In the first, 24 lactating Saanen dairy goats received low-energy diet without vitamin supplements. Twelve goats received a daily IV injection of 2,4- thiazolidinedione (TZD), others received saline injection. A week later, 6 goats from each treatment were challenged with intramammary infusion (IMI) of saline (CTRL) or Streptococcus uberis. In the second experiment, 12 Saanen lactating dairy goats received supplemental vitamins to reach NRC recommendation level. Six goats in each group were injected with TZD or saline daily, and 14 d later received Streptococcus uberis IMI in the right half of the udder. The hypotheses were (1) TZD does not affect the level of retinol in blood, and (2) the fatty acid profile is affected by the interaction between mammary infection and TZD in dairy goats. In the first experiment blood samples were collected on d −7, −2, 1, 2, 12 and milk samples were collected on d −8, 1, 4, 7, and 12, both relative to IMI. In the second experiment, blood samples were collected on d −15, 0, 1, and 10 relative to IMI. Milk and serum samples were analyzed for retinol, α-tocopherol and fatty acid profile. Serum retinol and β-carotene concentrations were higher in the second experiment compared to the first. Serum β-carotene and α-tocopherol were greater in TZD than CTRL and there was a TZD × time interaction in the first experiment. In addition, the TZD × time interaction showed that the milk fatty acid were reduced in C16 : 0 while C18 : 3 n3 while total omega 3 fatty acids were increased, as well as with minor effect on preventing a transient increase in α-tocopherol in milk. Overall, the TZD may affect the lipid-soluble vitamins and fatty acid profile, potentially altering immune responses, during mastitis in dairy goats.

scholarly journals Inclusion of soybean and linseed oils in the diet of lactating dairy cows makes the milk fatty acid profile nutritionally healthier for the human diet

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246357
Author(s):  
Mauricio X. S. Oliveira ◽  
Andre S. V. Palma ◽  
Barbara R. Reis ◽  
Camila S. R. Franco ◽  
Alessandra P. S. Marconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

Fluid milk and its derivatives are important dietary ingredients that contribute to daily nutrient intake of the modern Homo sapiens. To produce milk that is healthier for human consumption, the present study evaluated the effect of adding soybean oil and linseed oil in the diet of lactating cows. The fatty acid profile of milk, milk composition, and the blood parameters of cows were evaluated. Eighteen Holstein cows were distributed in a replicated Latin square design and distributed according to the following treatments: 1) Control (CC): traditional dairy cow diet, without addition of oil; 2) Soybean oil (SO): 2.5% addition of soybean oil to the traditional diet, as a source of omega-6; 3) Linseed oil (LO): 2.5% addition of linseed oil in the diet as a source of omega-3. Milk production was not affected, but oil supplementation decreased feed intake by 1.93 kg/cow/day. The milk fat percentage was significantly lower when cows were supplemented with vegetable oil (3.37, 2.75 and 2.89% for CC, SO and LO, respectively). However, both soybean and linseed oils decreased the concentration of saturated fatty acids (66.89, 56.52 and 56.60 g/100g for CC, SO and LO respectively), increased the amount of unsaturated fatty acids in milk (33.05, 43.39, and 43.35 g/100g for CC, SO and LO respectively) and decreased the ratio between saturated/unsaturated fatty acids (2.12, 1.34, and 1.36 for CC, SO and LO respectively). Furthermore, SO and LO increased significantly the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids (29.58, 39.55 and 39.47 g/100g for CC, SO and LO respectively), though it did not significantly alter the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk fat (3.57, 3.93 and 3.98 g/100g for CC, SO and LO respectively). Supplementation with LO enhanced the concentration of omega-3 fatty acids on milk (0.32, 0.36, and 1.02 for CC, SO and LO respectively). Blood variables aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, urea, albumin, creatinine and total proteins were not altered. On the other hand, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL were greater in the group supplemented with vegetable oils. Supplementation with vegetable oils reduced the dry matter intake of cows, the fat content of milk, and improved saturated/unsaturated fatty acid ratio of milk fat. Compared to the SO treatment, animals fed LO produced milk with greater content of omega-3, and a more desirable omega-6/omega-3 ratio on a human nutrition perspective. Thus, the inclusion of SO and LO in the diet of lactating dairy cows makes the milk fatty acid profile nutritionally healthier for the human consumption.

scholarly journals Domestic chicken omega 3 – a product for promoting human health

2021 ◽  
Vol 854 (1) ◽  
pp. 012081
Author(s):  
Dragan Sefer ◽  
Stamen Radulovic ◽  
Dejan Peric ◽  
Matija Sefer ◽  
Lazar Makivic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Omega 6

Abstract Literature data show that the relationship between two groups of polyunsaturated fatty acids in diet, omega 3 acids, whose basic representative is a-linolenic acid (C18: 3 n-3), and omega 6 acids, whose basic representative is linoleic acid (C18: 2 n-6), has a significant role in development of cardiovascular diseases in humans. The optimal ratio of omega 6 to omega 3 fatty acids is around 4:1. In monogastric animals, the fatty acids in feed are absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract largely unchanged. This means the fatty acid profile of the animal’s diet directly reflects the fatty acid profile of the tissue. The daily intake of unsaturated fatty acids can be increased by an adequate animal nutrition strategy. Flaxseed contains ten times more unsaturated (32.26%) than saturated (3.66%) fatty acids. The largest amount of unsaturated fatty acids (about 70%) is a-linolenic acid (ALA), which is a precursor of the entire omega 3 series of fatty acids, and which makes flaxseed an ideal raw material for the production of a wide range of omega 3 enriched products. In order to obtain chicken meat rich in omega 3, an experiment was organized with a specific diet for broilers at fattening. Thanks to the designed animal feed, it was possible to get products (meat, breast, drumstick, liver, subcutaneous fat) with significantly higher amounts of omega 3 fatty acids compared to the same products obtained from broilers fed with conventional mixtures, or with almost the ideal ratio between omega 6 and omega 3 fatty acids.

scholarly journals EFFEK ASAM LEMAK OMEGA 3, OMEGA 6 DAN KOLESTEROL SINTETIS TERHADAP REPRODUKSI PUYUH JANTAN (COTURNIX COTURNIX JAPONICA) DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN PETERNAK

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Abyadul Fitriyah ◽  
Isyaturriyadhah Isyaturriyadhah
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Testosterone Level ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Eicosatetraenoic Acid ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
3 Omega

This research aims to know the effects of using Omega 3, Omega 6 Fatty Acid and Cholesterol synthetic on Hormone Testosterone Level, voice frequency, and male quails reproduction organ. The research used 175 male quails which were divided in to 7 treatment groups; R0 (control), R1 (0,163 mg eicosapentaenoic acid), R2 (0,326 mg eicosapentaenoic acid), R3 (0,163 mg 5,8,11,14 eicosatetraenoic acid), R4 (0,326 mg 5,8,11,14 eicosatetraenoic acid), R5 (20 mg cholesterol NF), R6 (40 mg cholesterol NF). Cholesterol and fatty acid treatment were given orally for five days in succession for each treatment group. Data were analyzed with one-way analyze, and then continued with orthogonal contrast test and morphometric test. The research output, omega 3, omega 6 fatty acid with double dose (0,326 mg), showed the best response: the increase of the testis weight, height, diameter, and volume. The highest hormone testosterone level was showed by R2 treatment. The conclusion is that using 0,326 mg omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acid affected the reproduction organ's improvement and male quail's blood plasma and hormone testosterone level

scholarly journals Nutritional management and sexual condition in cattle determine differentiation in the fatty acid profile of meat

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 2453-2470
Author(s):  
Jonatas Cattelam ◽  
◽  
Flânia Mônego Argenta ◽  
Dari Celestino Alves Filho ◽  
Ivan Luiz Brondani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Modern Population

This study aimed at evaluating the fatty acid profile of meat from feedlot finished heifers and steers fed with high-grain diets. It was used 45 Charolais and Nellore crossbred cattle, 21 of them were heifers with an initial age of 32 ± 2 months and 359.9 ± 6.7 kg of body weight, and 24 were steers with an initial age of 20 ± 2 months and 337.6 ± 6.2 kg of body weight. The animals were distributed in the treatments according to the energy source used in the diet, being them: rice, white oats or corn, using seven heifers and eight steers for each diet. The experimental design was completely randomized, with factorial arrangement 3 x 2 (three treatments and two sexual conditions). The diet based on corn provided higher levels of pentadecylic and margaric fatty acids. Excepting elaidic fatty acid, beef from steers and heifers was similar for the different saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids evaluated. A rice-based diet is advantageous when meat production is recommended with greater participation of fatty acids from the omega-3 group. When finished in feedlot with high-grain diets, the heifers produce meat with higher conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content and a better ratio between omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids compared to steers. These findings indicate that it is possible to modify undesirable characteristics in meat through the nutritional management of animals, searching for a product that meets the requirements of a modern population, which is redefining its principles regarding food.

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