Encasement in plant morphology: an integrative approach from genes to organisms

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 1207-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Lacroix ◽  
Bernard Jeune ◽  
Denis Barabé
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Classical Approach ◽  
Developmental Genes ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Dynamic Morphology

Recent advances in molecular genetics are prompting developmental plant morphologists to refine the theoretical context of their field. For example, at the level of the action of certain developmental genes, the distinction between recognized structural categories (i.e., stem and leaf) are not obvious. This issue has also been analyzed by morphologists from qualitative and quantitative perspectives and has lead to similar conclusions. Consequently, the classical approach to morphology with a typological view of organ categories is no longer sufficient to explain the set of all possible forms. However, within the context of a dynamic morphology, where processes of development such as growth rate, duration, and distribution are considered, a more encompassing view of the generation of form can be achieved. We therefore propose that classical morphology is a subset of dynamic morphology. The main goal of this paper is to show how new concepts and methods of viewing plant morphology allow us to build a conceptual theoretical framework that may have a predictive value with respect to morphological characteristics as well as molecular properties of organs. The main premise of this commentary, within the context of dynamic morphology, is that the plant consists of an encasement of structures or a nesting of partially similar units. Common developmental processes are in operation at each structural level and variations in the modalities of these processes lead to the development of specific structures. Repeating polymorphic sets (RPS) represent an extension of this perspective on plant development and have the potential to predict the existence of new, perhaps unknown forms. The idea of repeating polymorphic sets can also be extended to outline the activity of specific developmental genes to explain how a wide variety of those genes are interrelated during development to specify form.

scholarly journals Calculation of Differential Propagation Constant Determined by Plant Morphology Using Polarimetric Measurement

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Chufeng Hu ◽  
Nanjing Li
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Wave ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Propagation Constant ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Mathematical Relation ◽  
Power Profile

The morphology of vegetation greatly impacts propagation of polarized electromagnetic wave. In order to validate this phenomenon, the mathematical relation between the differential propagation constant of forest vegetation and of its polarized echo is quantitatively derived by using backscattering power profile. The fluctuation of differential propagation constant with frequency is analyzed by combining the morphological characteristics of vegetation. The accurate copolarized data of 3–10 GHz frequency-domain of small trees are obtained by indoor wideband polarimetric measurement system. The results show that morphological characteristics of vegetation at different frequencies can be obtained by the differential propagation constant of polarized electromagnetic wave. At low frequencies, the plants with structural features presented oriented distribution. However, the plants show random distribution of the echoes at higher frequencies, which is mainly from the canopy. The research provides important information to choose the coherence models employed in the parameters retrieval of vegetations.

COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF NORTH AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN CULTURES OF THE ROOT ROT FUNGUS, FOMES ANNOSUS (FR.) COOKE

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 416-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Etheridge
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
North American ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Two Cultures

Cultures of Fames annosus originating in Europe could not be distinguished from those originating in North America either by colony appearance, growth rate, pH optimum, or cellulolytic activity. Three growth rate types on 2.5% malt agar were recognized and these are ascribed to individual variation rather than to host or geographical influences. Successive subculturing produced variants that fell into three growth classes. Half of the isolates displayed spontaneous, but reversible, changes in growth rate and colony appearance during subculturing and this is discussed from the standpoint of genetical and environmental influences. Cultures displaying different morphological characteristics and linear-growth rates differed little metabolically; each had a similar pH optimum ranging from 4.6 to 5.5, and each proved capable of altering the initial acidity of the medium to a reaction which was more suitable for growth. Two cultures were characterized by double pH optima at 4.6 and 5.5. Cultures having different linear-growth rates produced about the same dry-weight of mycelium on a cellulose substrate in a semisynthetic nutrient solution. On the basis of a statistical analysis of cellulose utilization by representative isolates it was impossible to distinguish between North American and European cultures.

Effects of Variable Loading on Residual Fatigue Life of the Railway Wheelset

2013 ◽  
Vol 577-578 ◽  
pp. 121-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Pokorný ◽  
Luboš Náhlík ◽  
M. Ševčík ◽  
Pavel Hutař
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Classical Approach ◽  
Variable Loading ◽  
Know How ◽  
Residual Fatigue Life ◽  
Residual Fatigue ◽  
Account Interaction

The paper deals with the effects of variable loading on residual fatigue life of the railway wheelset. The railway wheelsets can include some cracks created during manufacturing process or during previous operation. Therefore, it is important to know how the existing cracks will behave during further service of the train. The experiments show that the fatigue crack growth rate depends not only on size of the load amplitudes in a loading spectrum, but it depends also on the sequence of load amplitudes. Taking into account interaction effects of overloading cycles requires use a method that calculates increments of crack length in each cycle, i.e. cycle-by-cycle. One of such methods represents generalized Willenborg model. This model was used for residual fatigue life time estimations of railway wheelset and results obtained were compared with classical approach, which did not take into account interaction effects. Results obtained can be used for establishing of service intervals of railway wheelsets.

Morphological Characteristics of W-Nanowires after Selective Etching

2014 ◽  
Vol 1004-1005 ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Wen Jia Wang ◽  
Zhi Long Zhao ◽  
Ming Tang ◽  
Jian Jun Gao
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Directional Solidification ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Selective Dissolution ◽  
Stability Diagram ◽  
Selective Etching ◽  
Directionally Solidified ◽  
Solidification Furnace ◽  
Nial Matrix

An eutectic NiAl–1.5 at.% W alloy prepared by using directionally solidified (DS)was employed as a source for producing W-nanowires. Several growth rate of 8,15,25/s was respectively used at a temperature gradient of ~240 K/cm in a Bridgman-type directional solidification furnace. A combined stability diagram was applied to predict proper conditions for the selective dissolution of NiAl matrix to get W-wires. Etching in a mixture of HCl:H2O2released parallel aligned W-nanowires with a wire diameter of ~500 nm. Different morphologies, such as nanobelts, lotus-shaped, conical of W-nanowires are obtained at the different conditions.

scholarly journals Morphological characteristics of harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) whiskers and their use in dietary reconstruction using stable isotope ratios

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 1255-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Smith ◽  
Shawna Karpovich ◽  
Greg A. Breed ◽  
Diane M. O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Whisker Growth ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Harbor Seal ◽  
Phoca Vitulina ◽  
Harbor Seals ◽  
Dietary Reconstruction ◽  
Whisker Morphology

We investigated whether inferences about harbor seal (Phoca vitulina Linnaeus, 1758) whisker shed status and growth rates based on whisker morphology could improve dietary time series from whisker isotopic profiles. We identified morphometric characteristics of Alaskan harbor seal whiskers, including a smooth root section (SRS) and a bumpy section. The SRS was longer for spring versus fall-collected whiskers and matched the length of fully grown, shed whiskers. Thus, SRS length can differentiate whisker shed and growth status, and we used it to determine the sequence of whisker shedding by cohort in summer-captured harbor seals. The mean interbump length (IBL) correlated with whisker length, potentially providing a proxy for whisker growth rate. We compared carbon isotope ratios (expressed as δ13C values) along the three longest whiskers from 10 harbor seals, using two approaches for converting whisker position to date: (1) a standard growth rate constant based on captive studies and (2) individually adjusted growth rates based on whisker morphology. Intraindividual patterns of whisker δ13C values became more synchronous when expressed by deposition date rather than by position; however, adjusting growth rates based on IBL did not improve synchrony further. These findings suggest that whisker morphology can contribute whisker growth rate and shedding information for dietary reconstruction.

Quelques aspects d'une morphologie continuiste et dynamique

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1023-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Jeune ◽  
Rolf Sattler
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Morphology

The authors discuss presuppositions of classical plant morphology and point out the difficulties of classical (classificatory) typology (based on typical forms that are mutually exclusive, categories such as shoot, root, leaf, or trichome), which have been known for a long time. It is shown how these difficulties can be overcome by a more open morphology concept that is continuous and dynamic. Furthermore, it is pointed out that such an approach works through an appropriate methodology based on principal components analysis and a decomposition of the plant into nested morphological articulations. Keywords: plant morphology, continuum morphology, dynamic morphology.

scholarly journals Study on Morphological and Microscopic Characteristics of Abelmoschus sagittifolius (Kurz) Merr. in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pham Thanh Huyen ◽  
Nguyen Quynh Nga ◽  
Pham Thi Ngoc ◽  
Lai Viet Hung ◽  
Phan Van Truong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Biological Resources ◽  
Natural Product Research ◽  
Medicinal Powder

Sam bo chinh (Abelmoschus sagittifolius (Kurz) Merr.) is a precious medicinal plant that has been exploited and planted in Vietnam for a long time. However, the morphological characteristics of this plant is easy to confuse with other species of the same genus. In addition, the microscopic characteristics and medicinal powder composition of this medicinal plant have not been comprehensively described. The present investigation was aimed to determine the morphological and microscopic characters of Sam bo chinh using comparative morphology, anatomical research and medicinal powder analysis. The complete description of morphological and microscopic characteristics reported in this study will serve as valuable data for the conservation and development of this species in Vietnam. Keywords Morphology, microscopic characteristics, medicinal plant, Abelmoschus sagittifolius. References [1] The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2021, http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:558042-1, (accessed on: 7th May 2021).[2] P. H. Ho, Medicinal Plants in Vietnam, Tre Publishing House, Ho Chi Minh, 2006, pp. 112 (in Vietnamese).[3] D. H. Bich et al., Medicinal Plants and Medicinal Animals in Vietnam, Science and Technics Publishing House, Hanoi, 2006, pp. 690-693 (in Vietnamese).[4] Ministry of Health, Vietnamese Pharmacopoeia V, Medical Publishing House, Hanoi, 2018, pp. 1310-1311 (in Vietnamese).[5] G. L. D. Chen, Y. Y. Liu, G. X. Ma, W. Zheng, X. B. Sun, X. D. Xu, A New Cadinane Sesquiterpenoid Glucoside with Cytotoxicity from Abelmoschus sagittifolius, Natural Product Research, Vol. 33, 2019, pp. 1699-1704, https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2018.1431635.[6] D. T. Vui, Study Chemical Composition and Pharmacological Effects towards The Treatment Gastric Ulcers of The Roots of Abelmoschus sagittifolius (Kurz) Merr. Malvaceae, Doctoral Thesis, National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Hanoi, 2007 (in Vietnamese).[7] D. T. Xuyen, Some New Information on The Genus Abelmoschus Medic. in Vietnam, Scientific Report on Ecology and Biological Resources, The First National Conference, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Hanoi, 2005 (in Vietnamese).[8] N. N. Thin, Methods of Plant Research, Vietnam National University Press, Hanoi, 2007 (in Vietnamese).[9] N. Ba, Plant Morphology, Vietnam Education Publishing House, Hanoi, 2006 (in Vietnamese).[10] N. V. Than, Testing Medicinal Herbs by Microscopic Method, Science and Technics Publishing House, Hanoi, 2003 (in Vietnamese).[11] P. H. Raven, H. D. W. Zhengyi, Flora of China, Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden (St. Louis), China and USA, 2007, pp. 283-285.[12] Abelmoschus moschatus (L.) Medik, http://uphcm.edu.vn/caythuoc/index.php?q=book/export/html/298, (accessed on: May 25th, 2020) (in Vietnamese)

scholarly journals Health and Wellbeing Needs and Priorities in Mining Host Communities in South Africa: A Mixed-Methods Approach For Identifying Key SDG3 Targets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Rice ◽  
Delia Boccia ◽  
Daniel J Carter ◽  
Renay Weiner ◽  
Lebohang Letsela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Priority Areas ◽  
Health And Wellbeing

Abstract Background The global mining industry has an opportunity to mobilize resources to advance progress against the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In 2018, the Anglo-American Group outlined aspirations for mining host communities to meet the SDG3 health targets. To progress from aspiration to action we designed and implemented a mixed-methods approach to attain a deeper understanding of the health and wellbeing priorities within the local context of host communities of fifteen mines in South Africa. Methods To identify local needs and priorities relating to SDG3 targets in host communities, stakeholder workshops and key informant interviews were conducted between June and August 2019. A baseline assessment of health data, related to each of the SDG3 targets and indicators and to each host community location, was also conducted. Findings emerging from the qualitative and quantitative baseline assessments were compared to identify the extent to which health issues aligned and health and wellbeing priority areas for action. Results A total of 407 people participated in the workshops, and 85 key informants were interviewed. Quantitative data were available at sub-national level for seven of the nine SDG3 targets and eleven of the 21 indicators. Key priority areas for action identified through alignment of the qualitative and quantitative data were maternal mortality (SDG3.1), HIV (SDG3.3.1), tuberculosis (SDG3.3.2), substance abuse (SDG3.5), and road traffic accidents (SDG3.6) We found consistency in the individual, interpersonal, community, societal, and structural factors underlying these priority areas. At a structural level, poor access to quality healthcare was raised at every workshop as a key factor underlying the achievement of all SDG3 targets. Of the five priority areas identified, HIV, TB and substance abuse were found to overlap in the study communities in terms of risk, burden, and underlying factors. Conclusions We demonstrate a mixed method approach for identifying local health needs and prioritised SDG3 targets in mining host communities. Consistency in reporting suggests the need for effective, efficient and feasible interventions to address five priority areas. Given the prominent economic role of the mining sector in South Africa, it can play a critical role in implementing programmatic activities that further progress towards achieving the SDG3 targets.

scholarly journals Health and wellbeing needs and priorities in mining host communities in South Africa: a mixed-methods approach for identifying key SDG3 targets

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Rice ◽  
Delia Boccia ◽  
Daniel J. Carter ◽  
Renay Weiner ◽  
Lebohang Letsela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Priority Areas ◽  
Health And Wellbeing

Abstract Background The global mining industry has an opportunity to mobilize resources to advance progress against the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In 2018, the Anglo-American Group outlined aspirations for mining host communities to meet the SDG3 health targets. To progress from aspiration to action we designed and implemented a mixed-methods approach to attain a deeper understanding of the health and wellbeing priorities within the local context of host communities of fifteen mines in South Africa. Methods To identify local needs and priorities relating to SDG3 targets in host communities, stakeholder workshops and key informant interviews were conducted between June and August 2019. A baseline assessment of health data, related to each of the SDG3 targets and indicators and to each host community location, was also conducted. Findings emerging from the qualitative and quantitative baseline assessments were compared to identify the extent to which health issues aligned and health and wellbeing priority areas for action. Results A total of 407 people participated in the workshops, and 85 key informants were interviewed. Quantitative data were available at sub-national level for seven of the nine SDG3 targets and eleven of the 21 indicators. Key priority areas for action identified through alignment of the qualitative and quantitative data were maternal mortality (SDG3.1), HIV (SDG3.3.1), tuberculosis (SDG3.3.2), substance abuse (SDG3.5), and road traffic accidents (SDG3.6) We found consistency in the individual, interpersonal, community, societal, and structural factors underlying these priority areas. At a structural level, poor access to quality healthcare was raised at every workshop as a key factor underlying the achievement of all SDG3 targets. Of the five priority areas identified, HIV, TB and substance abuse were found to overlap in the study communities in terms of risk, burden, and underlying factors. Conclusions We demonstrate a mixed method approach for identifying local health needs and prioritised SDG3 targets in mining host communities. Consistency in reporting suggests the need for effective, efficient and feasible interventions to address five priority areas. Given the prominent economic role of the mining sector in South Africa, it can play a critical role in implementing programmatic activities that further progress towards achieving the SDG3 targets.

Biomass allocation, regrowth and root carbohydrate reserves of chicory (Cichorium intybus) in response to defoliation in glasshouse conditions

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. LI ◽  
P. D. KEMP ◽  
J. HODGSON
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Cichorium Intybus ◽  
Growth Unit ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Carbohydrate Reserves ◽  
Cutting Frequency ◽  
Cutting Height ◽  
Cutting Intensity

Three glasshouse experiments were conducted between 14 September 1993 and 9 January 1996 at the Plant Growth Unit, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Experiment 1 studied the effects of cutting height on the regrowth and biomass allocation of chicory (Cichorium intybus L. cv. Grasslands Puna), Expt 2 investigated the biomass allocation and root carbohydrate reserves of three chicory cultivars (Puna, PG90 and Orchies) in response to defoliation, and Expt 3 studied the morphological characteristics and persistence of Puna under extreme defoliation.Cutting height had no significant effect on accumulated secondary leaf and stem masses in Expt 2, but affected secondary leaf mass in Expt 1. However, cutting height significantly reduced root size after two cuttings in both Expts 1 and 2. Three severe cuttings (removing all shoots including visible buds >5 mm on crown) killed 73% of plants, whereas 96% plants survived under lax cutting (100 mm) in Expt 3. Orchies had the highest total reducing sugar concentration in its taproot (56·6%), whereas PG90 had the lowest (32·1%). Therefore, Orchies was the most persistent but had the slowest growth rate, and PG90 the least persistent with the highest growth rate. The performance of Puna was intermediate.It is concluded that the persistence of Puna would be more sensitive to cutting frequency than cutting intensity due to its medium level of root carbohydrate reserves. In contrast, PG90 could be defoliated frequently, but not closely. However, Orchies with its thick taproot was insensitive to cutting intensity and would also be insensitive to cutting frequency due to its larger root carbohydrate reserves. It is suggested that to improve the persistence and enhance the leaf production of Puna by plant breeding the emphasis should be on increasing taproot size without unduly prejudicing herbage production.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document