EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE GROWTH OF WHEAT: I. MARQUILLO, KENYA FARMER, AND TWO DWARF PROGENY

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Canvin ◽  
Yun-Te Yao
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Primary Tiller ◽  
Small Primary ◽  
Continuous Temperature

Wheat varieties, Marquillo, Kenya Farmer, wheat dwarf 1 (Marquillo × Kenya Farmer), and wheat dwarf 2 (Marquillo × Kenya Farmer) were grown in growth cabinets under continuous light at an intensity of 1200 ft-c and temperatures of 16, 21, 26, and 31 °C combined in all possible combinations for 16-h and 8-h periods in a 24-h cycle.Wheat dwarf 1 elongated and produced seed only when soil and air temperature was kept at 26 °C or higher. If the plants were exposed to 21 °C or less for 8 h or longer, only a "grass-clump" habit of growth was observed. At still lower temperatures only a small primary tiller was produced. Wheat dwarf 1 plants, initially grown at 21 °C for 30 days or longer, would not grow and head when transferred to 31 °C. Plants initially grown at 31 °C did not continue to grow when transferred to 21 °C. Wheat dwarf 2 required a temperature of 21 °C or higher to induce elongation. At lower temperatures plants were dwarfed but fertile tillers were produced. Only at 16 °C was a "grass-clump" habit of growth observed.In contrast to the dwarfs, the tallest plants of Marquillo and Kenya Farmer were produced at the lowest temperatures and maximum yield of shoot and seed was obtained under a regime that would be equivalent to a continuous temperature of 17–20 °C.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on Yield and Some Agronomic Characters of Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 44-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akbar Hossain ◽  
MAZ Sarker ◽  
MA Hakim ◽  
MV Lozovskaya ◽  
VP Zvolinsky
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Modern Wheat ◽  
Heat Tolerant ◽  
Sensitive Genotype

Eight modern wheat varieties (viz., Sourav, Gourab, Shatabdi, Sufi, Bijoy, Prodip, BARI Gom-25 and BARI Gom-26) were evaluated to find out the suitable variety for optimum and late sown condition, to find out heat tolerant and heat sensitive variety and to find out the optimum sowing time for a specific variety. The experiment was conducted in the research farm of Wheat Research Center (25°38´ N, 88°41´ E and 38.20 m above sea level.), Bangladesh, under eight sowing times (viz., 8 Nov., 15 Nov., 22 Nov., 29 Nov., 6 Dec., 13 Dec., 20 Dec. and 27 Dec.). Results showed that wheat sown in November 22 to December 20 was significantly better compared to November 08, 15 and December 27, from the studied aspects of yield and yield components. Considering overall sowing performance of all genotypes Shatabdi is the best, followed by BARI Gom-26 (2nd), Sourav (3rd), Prodip (4th), Bijoy (5th), Gourab (6th), Sufi (7th) and BARI Gom-25 (least). In extremely heat stress (November 08 and December 27) condition Prodip was found to be heat sensitive genotype (yield reduction 41.18 and 28.92%), followed by BARI Gom-26 (yield reduction 41.15 and 22.73%). Both in too early and very late heat stress conditions, genotypes Sourav and BARI Gom-25 were found to be heat tolerant. In very early (November 08), variety Sourav (yield reduction 20.47%) is recommended, followed by BARI Gom-25 (yield reduction 27.91%) and in very late (December 27), Sufi is the best (yield reduction 8.60%), followed by Bijoy (yield reduction 11.05%). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v1i1-2.13932 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 1 (1&2): 44-54, December, 2011

scholarly journals Some like it hot: A differential response to changing temperatures by the malaria vectors Anopheles funestus and An. gambiae s.l.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques D Charlwood
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Anopheles Funestus ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Gravid Females

Background: With the possible implications of global warming, the effect of temperature on the dynamics of malaria vectors in Africa has become a subject of increasing interest. Information from the field is, however, relatively sparse. We describe the effect of ambient temperature over a five-year period on the dynamics of An. funestus and An. gambiae s.l., collected from a single village in southern Mozambique where temperatures varied from a night-time minimum of 6oC in the cool season to a daytime maximum of 35oC in the hot season. Results: Mean daily air temperatures varied from 34o C to 20oC and soil temperatures varied from 26 o C to 12 o C. Diurnal variation was greatest in the cooler months of the year and were greater in air temperatures than soil temperatures. During the study 301, 705 female An. funestus were collected in 6043 light-trap collections, 161, 466 in 7397 exit collections and 16, 995 in 1315 resting collections. The equivalent numbers for An. gambiae s.l. are 72, 475 in light-traps, 33, 868 in exit collections and 5, 333 from indoor resting collections. Numbers of mosquito were greatest in the warmer months. Numbers of An. gambiae s.l. went through a one hundredfold change (from a mean of 0.14 mosquitoes a night to 14) whereas numbers of An. funestus merely doubled (from a mean of 20 to 40 a night). The highest environmental correlations and mosquito numbers were between mean air temperature (r2 = 0.52 for An. funestus and 0.77 for An. gambiae s.l.). Numbers of mosquito collected were not related to rainfall with lags of up to four weeks. Numbers of both gravid and unfed An. gambiae complex females in exit collections continued to increase at all temperatures recorded but gravid females of An. funestus decreased at temperatures above 28oC. Overall the numbers of gravid and unfed An. funestus collected in exit collections were not correlated (p = 0.07). For an unknown reason the number of An. gambiae s.l. fell below monitoring thresholds during the study. Conclusions: Mean air temperature was the most important environmental parameter affecting both vectors in this part of Mozambique. Numbers of An. gambiae s.l. increased at all temperatures recorded whilst An. funestus appeared to be adversely affected by temperatures of 28oC and above. These differences may influence the distribution of the vectors as the planet warms.

scholarly journals Performance Comparison Between Copper Cables and Fiber Optic in Data Transfer on Banjarmasin Weather Temperature Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 05022
Author(s):  
Husnul Khatimi ◽  
Eka Setya Wijaya ◽  
Andreyan Rizky Baskara ◽  
Yuslena Sari
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Copper Wire ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Fiber Optic Cable

Copper wire cable and fiber optic cable are two communication media that are widely used in building data communication networks in today’s modern era. For network administrators, choosing the right type of cable to build a network is a must. Air temperature is one of the external factors that can affect the performance of network equipment. This paper provides a comparative analysis of the differences in performance between the use of fiber optic cables and copper wire cables which are capable of transferring data of 1 Gigabit per second. Performance measurement analysis includes the ability to transfer data from both media such as latency, throughput, and packet loss. For testing latency and throughput is done by sending as many as 65,000 data 30 times for each media. Whereas for packet loss testing is done by sending 10,000 data within 1 minute using test bandwidth on the Mikrotik router. From the test results, it can be seen that there is an effect of temperature changes on the performance of copper wire cable and fiber optic cable. The higher the air temperature, the packet loss, and latency will increase. As for the throughput value, the temperature only affects the throughput value on fiber optic cable and does not affect throughput on the copper wire cable.

scholarly journals The effect of temperature and crown size on asparagus yielding

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Gąsecka ◽  
Włodzimierz Krzesińsk ◽  
Jerzy Stachowiak ◽  
Mikołaj Knaflewski
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Total Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Weight Content ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Crown Size

Abstract In order to determine the effect of temperature on asparagus yielding in the case of different crown sizes, asparagus plants were planted in growth chambers, in an aeroponic system with recirculation. The results show that asparagus yield was dependent on air temperature and crown size; however, crown size had a greater influence on the yield. The diameter and weight of the asparagus spears were also dependent on crown size. Higher dry weight content, degrees Brix, fructan and total carbohydrate content in storage roots were documented in large crown asparagus plants before and after harvest. Large sized crowns were also shown to build thicker and higher ferns.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on Picloram Absorption and Translocation in Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula)

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 471-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney G. Lym ◽  
Calvin G. Messersmith
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Euphorbia Esula ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes

Temperature changes prior to picloram application affects its activity in leafy spurge. Absorption of14C picloram was directly correlated with temperature changes; each 1 C increase in air temperature 24 h before treatment resulted in a 1% increase of14C-picloram absorption in leafy spurge and vice versa. The greatest14C-picloram absorption averaged 47% of applied14C when the temperature increased from 18 C to 24 or 30 C 24 h before treatment compared to 33% when temperatures were constant. Translocation of14C picloram was more sensitive than absorption to temperature changes with 4.3 and 1% of applied14C-picloram translocated to the roots when the plants were maintained at 12 and 30 C, respectively. Even though absorption increased directly with temperature,14C-picloram translocation to the root system declined as temperature increased.

scholarly journals Impact of modified industrial wet pressing on the quantity and quality of Nile perch oil extracted from the viscera.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
DENNIS OTIENO ◽  
Nyaboke Hilda ◽  
Cyprian Odoli ◽  
Nyamweya Chrispine ◽  
Christopher Aura
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Nile Perch ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
Wet Pressing

Global fish oil production is between 1 to 1.25 million tones and primarily exploiting fatty fish such as menhaden, herring, pilchards, anchovy, and sardine among others. The main producing countries include Japan, USA, Chile and Peru. Yet, fish oil from developing countries end up as bio waste since only the flesh is utilized. This paper discusses a simple approach for utilizing the fish bio waste to produce oil andhow the oil quality and quantityis impacted by the extraction process. The visceral organs were collected from fish filleting factory and markets in Kisumu town and oil extracted by modified wet pressing method adopted from Blight and Dyer (1959). The effect of temperature and serial washing on the oil quality and quantity was assessed from extraction temperatures at800C, 900C, 950C and 970C, while employing three serial washing using distilled water and pineapple juice. The quality of the oil produced was then determined based on the proportion of omega -3, vitamin A and E, peroxide value, iodine value and free fatty acids. Statistical analysis was conducted using R-data analysis software at P<0.05 and ANOVA to determine significance. Results indicate that maximum extraction efficiency was achieved at 800C for 30 minutes where 157.66g of oil was extracted, when compared to 156.56g at 90ºC,156.49g at 95ºC,155.84g at 97ºC from a tissues of 171.25gin each case. It was concluded that the temperature manipulation procedures as per this study was reliable to produce maximum yield and can be adopted by oil producing plants. The study targets to utilize fish-biowaste which is dumped in aquatic systems that depletes dissolved oxygen levels in such ecosystems.

scholarly journals Yasenka’ is a new word in obtaining the ‘golden grain’ of durum wheat

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
А. А. Mudrova ◽  
A. S. Yanovsky ◽  
L. А. Bespalova ◽  
А. N. Borovik
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
The Russian Federation

The purpose of the current study was to develop a new drought-resistant initial material, adapted to local conditions and spring durum wheat varieties on its basis. Due to the method of intraspecific hybridization and individual selection, there has been developed the spring durum wheat variety ‘Yasenka’ in the F5 hybrid combination obtained from crossing the varieties ‘Lilek x Nikolasha’. The developed variety is short-stemmed, middle maturing, resistant to drought and lodging. Its potential productivity is high, due to the maximum yield of 6.44 tons per hectare obtained in 2017 when sowing after peas. On average, over three years of competitive variety testing (2015–2017), its yield was 6.02 tons per hectare, which is higher than that of the varieties ‘Volnodonskaya’ on 1.08 and ‘Nikolasha’ on 0.40 tons per hectare. There has been found an advantage in terms of productivity over other varieties when sowing at a later date. Grain and pasta quality indicators are high. When evaluating grain according to the international standard ISO 21415-2, the variety ‘Yasenka’ showed a high Gluten Index (94) and a Minolta color index “b” (30), which corre- sponds to the world quality level. Under natural conditions, it is characterized by field resistance to the main leaf fungal diseases. Against the background of artificial infection, there has been established high resistance to head smut, powdery mildew and hard smut, resistance to septoria blotch and brown rust, moderate susceptibility to head blight. The variety has been included into the State List of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation since 2018 and it’s protected by the patent of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE FACTOR ON THE DURATION OF INTERPHASE PERIODS OF MELON PLANTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (28) ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
N.A. Eliseeva ◽  
◽  
Yu.N. Kostanchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Ecological Plasticity ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Feeding Area ◽  
Fruit Formation

One of the valuable traits of any variety is its degree of adaptability to stressful environmental factors. The purpose of the research is to determine the degree of influence of average daily temperatures on the duration of interphase periods of some melon varieties in the first half of growing season to assess their ecological plasticity under conditions of the foothill zone of the Crimea. The studies were conducted in 2016–2019 on the experimental fields of FSBSI “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea” (village of Ukromnoye, Simferopol suburbs). All the research studies were carried out according to the existing guidelines for melon crops breeding. Fifty-six melon samples varying in reaching maturity were the objects of the study. Soil – chernozem southern calcareous heavy loamy; its texture is clayey, structure – lumpy. Weather conditions during the years of research varied. The most favourable temperature regime for the melon growing was in 2019 (2269.6 °С); unfavourable – in 2016 (1738.0 °С); 2017 and 2018 occupied an intermediate position. It allowed obtaining objective results in assessing ecological plasticity of the studied varieties. Planting scheme – standard; feeding area – 1.0×1.5 m2 per one plant. The study was carried out in a collection nursery; four-fold replication. We compared melons of three groups of ripeness: early (I) – varieties mature in 55–75 days, mid-early (II) – ripen in 76–90 days, mid-late (III) – require 90 days until harvest. During the years of research, the duration of interphase periods varied from 18 to 59 days. An increase in the relative average daily air temperature by 1 °C reduced the phenophases duration on average by 1.02–4.43 days. The most pronounced changes were revealed in the third interphase period (seedlings – fruit formation beginning): the average value of the ecological variation corresponded to 27.5 %; maximum it was in the mid-late samples (25.3 %). We established a close negative correlation (from –0.72 to –0.99) between an increase in the relative average daily air temperature and duration of the phenophases of the first half of the melon plants growing season. Each genotype reacted individually to changes in external influences. The group of mid-late samples had the highest degree of variability. An increase in the relative average daily temperatures by 1 °C reduces the length of the interphase periods of plants of this group from 1.99 to 3.75 days. Among others, varieties ‘Idyllia’, ‘Gulnara’, ‘Ethiopka’ were the most stable.

scholarly journals SPEEDS OF SPRING WHEAT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT DEPENDING ON HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Marina Poskrebysheva ◽  
Rafael' Ismagilov
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Phenological Phases

Studies were conducted to study the effect of air temperature and the amount of precipitation on the growth and development of spring wheat plants. Analysis and quantitative description of the dependence of the duration of interphase periods was carried out by methods of correlation and regression analysis, changes in the duration of periods by calculating the coefficient of variation. For analysis, we used the results of long-term field observations (2014–2019) over the time of the onset of phenological phases in spring wheat varieties of the mid-ripe group in the Ural steppe, as well as published data of Davlekanovskiy GSU of the Republic of Bashkortostan for 1993–2016. An increase in temperature during all periods of vegetation accelerates the growth and development of plants, an increase in rainfall, on the contrary, slows down these processes. The change in hydrothermal conditions most strongly affects the duration of tillering – heading and heading – waxy ripeness periods. The coefficient of variation of their duration is 26.9 and 28.7, respectively. With an increase in air temperature by 1°C in the range of 11.3 ... 20.50С, the tillering-heading interfacial period decreases by 0.408 days, and the ripening of spring wheat grain (at a temperature of 10.7 ... 24.2°C) is accelerated by 0.424 of the day. An increase in precipitation by 10 mm in the range of 1.0 ... 126.2 mm slows the onset of heading by 0.39 days, waxy ripeness of grain (with a total of 0 ... 131.1 mm) - by 0.40 days. Statistical models of the dependence of the duration of interphase periods of growth and development of spring wheat plants on the amount of precipitation and average daily temperature can be used to predict the calendar dates of the onset of phenological phases and the operational adjustment of technological operations to care for sowing

scholarly journals BIOMORPHOBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AROMATIC ROSE CULTIVAR ‘FESTIVALNAYA’ WHEN GROWING IN THE SOUTHERN COAST AND IN THE STEPPE CRIMEA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
pp. 98-113
Author(s):  
N.V. Marko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering

Today, the high demand for rose processing products in the world market determines the need to restore the raw material base of aromatic roses and the development of essential oil manufacture. In the era of the USSR, rose cultivar ‘Festivalnaya’, which was created in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden (NBG-NSC), was one of the most promising for industrial cultivation. Plants of this cultivar are undemanding to environmental conditions and agricultural technologies, grow well on the carbonate soils, resistant to chlorosis, rust, powdery mildew. High mass fraction of essential oil (0.12– 0.14 % of the weight in raw form) and yield (15.8–39.0 centners/ha), as well as high content of phenylethyl alcohol in the essential oil, which was close to the standard - Bulgarian rose from the Kazanlak valley, are distinctive characteristics of this cultivar. For the last 25-30 years, biomorphological studies of plants of this cultivar in the conditions of the Crimea and Russia have not been conducted. The purpose of the research was to study the degree of manifestation of varietal traits of plants of the aromatic rose cv. ‘Festivalnaya’ in different ecological and geographical conditions of the Crimea to determine its genetic stability at conditions of weather and climatic changes in the region. Studies were carried out in 2015–2019 in the collection plantations on grafted plants under conditions of the Southern Coast of the Crimea (SCC) and the Crimean steppe zone according to generally accepted methods. Comparing the obtained data with the literature sources, we concluded that under modern growing conditions, morphological changes affected an increase in the number of thorns per unit of measure (7.18 ± 2.34 pcs., which on average surpasses the literature data by 2.0 pcs.), an increase in the double-flowered trait (on average, there are 95.2 ± 9.0 petals, which is 20 petals more than according to the data mentioned in 1975–1976). The results of phenological observations showed that rose bud swelling in the SCC and steppe Crimea begins in the second half of February when the sum of positive temperatures is above 231 °С and a steady increase in air temperature is above 5.4 °С. Over the past 40 years, the beginning of flowering of the aromatic rose cultivar ‘Festivalnaya’ in the Southern Coast has shifted to an earlier date. The beginning of flowering occurs in the middle/end of May when a certain accumulated temperature is reached (above 1125 °C) and the average monthly air temperature is above +17.5 °C. The period of mass flowering, during which it is possible to collect up to 80 % of the flowers from the total crop, in the Southern Coast lasts 14.4 ± 2.9 days, namely from the end of May to mid-June. In recent years, a tendency to a decrease in the duration of the flowering period of the aromatic rose cv. ‘Festivalnaya’ is observed: the maximum flowering time has decreased and became seven days shorter; the average flowering time – three days shorter. The yield of flowers of grafted bushes of ‘Festivalnaya’ at the age of four to eight years averaged 17.0 centners/ha; the maximum yield reached 24.6 centners/ha.

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