scholarly journals Yasenka’ is a new word in obtaining the ‘golden grain’ of durum wheat

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
А. А. Mudrova ◽  
A. S. Yanovsky ◽  
L. А. Bespalova ◽  
А. N. Borovik
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
The Russian Federation

The purpose of the current study was to develop a new drought-resistant initial material, adapted to local conditions and spring durum wheat varieties on its basis. Due to the method of intraspecific hybridization and individual selection, there has been developed the spring durum wheat variety ‘Yasenka’ in the F5 hybrid combination obtained from crossing the varieties ‘Lilek x Nikolasha’. The developed variety is short-stemmed, middle maturing, resistant to drought and lodging. Its potential productivity is high, due to the maximum yield of 6.44 tons per hectare obtained in 2017 when sowing after peas. On average, over three years of competitive variety testing (2015–2017), its yield was 6.02 tons per hectare, which is higher than that of the varieties ‘Volnodonskaya’ on 1.08 and ‘Nikolasha’ on 0.40 tons per hectare. There has been found an advantage in terms of productivity over other varieties when sowing at a later date. Grain and pasta quality indicators are high. When evaluating grain according to the international standard ISO 21415-2, the variety ‘Yasenka’ showed a high Gluten Index (94) and a Minolta color index “b” (30), which corre- sponds to the world quality level. Under natural conditions, it is characterized by field resistance to the main leaf fungal diseases. Against the background of artificial infection, there has been established high resistance to head smut, powdery mildew and hard smut, resistance to septoria blotch and brown rust, moderate susceptibility to head blight. The variety has been included into the State List of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation since 2018 and it’s protected by the patent of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals “Eyrena” is a winter durum wheat variety adapted to the abiotic and biotic factors of environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
N. E. Samofalova ◽  
N. P. Ilichkina ◽  
O. A. Dubinina ◽  
E. V. Ionova ◽  
T. S. Makarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Productivity Potential ◽  
Durum Wheat Variety

The developed winter durum wheat varieties should combine potential productivity with resistance to abiotic and biotic environmental factors through increased adaptability. The purpose of the study is to evaluate a new winter durum wheat variety “Eyrena” according to its productivity, stress factors resistance and grain quality. The current study of the variety sown after peas, maize for grain, sunflower and in green fallow was performed at the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2014–2018. There have been presented morphological, biological, economically valuable traits of the variety “Eyrena” included in the State List of the Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation in the North Caucasus Region since 2017. The variety is characterized with a high and stable productivity potential. The average productivity over the years of study in the competitive variety testing (2015–2018) ranged according to the forecrops as follows: 8.47 t/ha (green fallow), 6.99 t/ha (peas), 7.29 t/ha (maize for grain), 6.47 t/ha (sunflower). The average increase to the indicators of the standard variety was 0.52; 0.57; 1.41 and 0.75 t/ha, respectively. The maximum productivity (11.80 t/ha) was obtained in the variant with green fallow in 2018. The new variety, in comparison with the standard one, has an increased heat and drought resistance both in the initial phases of plant growth and development and in subsequent periods of active vegetation, has sufficient winter tolerance, and resistance to the main diseases specific for the region. Qualitative traits of grain, groats, pasta comply with the GOST requirements in the country and existing durum wheat standards. The grain hardness on average over the years of study is up to 90% and higher, nature weight is 804 g/l, falling number is 405 sec., protein content in the grain is 3.9%, gluten content is 25.2%, gluten quality (SDS test) is 37 ml, amount of carotenoid is 600 μg/%, pasta color is 4.3 points. The variety “Eyrena”, having a high productivity potential and stability, a number of positive economically valuable traits, can be a good partner to the varieties of this grain crop in the region.

scholarly journals The spring durum wheat variety ‘Bezenchukskaya Yubileinaya’

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
P. N. Malchikov ◽  
M. G. Myasnikova ◽  
T. V. Chukheeva
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Variety Testing ◽  
Research Institute

The Middle Volga region is traditionally a production region of high-quality durum wheat. For sustainable grain crop production, a system of durum wheat varieties’ breeding is being developed here. For its diversification there has been developed the new variety ‘Bezenchukskaya Yubileinaya’. The breeding process from hybridization of the variety to its study in the competitive variety testing was carried out in the experimental plots of the Samara Research Institute of Agriculture. The competitive variety testing was carried out in parallel at the Federal Altai Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology. There was conducted the ecological and geographical study in the KASIB system for 2 years (in 2017 and 2018) in 9 eco-points of various institutions in Russia and Kazakhstan. During the period of the variety development (2004–2020) there were spring and summer droughts, one being very strong and 6 being strong, 2 being strong spring and one strong summer droughts, one moderate spring-summer and one moderate spring drought. In the same period, there was an epiphytotics of various pathogens for 5 years. When studied in the competitive variety testing, there were severe spring-summer droughts in 2016, 2018, 2019; there was an epiphytotics of leaf blotches (fusarium, pyrenophorosis) and stem rust in 2016. The years 2017 and 2020 were favorable for the grain yield formation. The realized productivity of the variety ‘Bezenchukskaya Yubileinaya’ was 6.04 t/ha at FSBSI FANTSA (Altai Research Institute of Agriculture) in 2018. In the competitive variety testing of the Samara Research Institute of Agriculture, the new variety productivity exceeded that of the standard one on 0.25 t/ha for 5 years. According to drought resistance, resistance to leaf rust, the variety had an advantage over the standard one. The variety is resistant (R/MR type of resistance) to leaf blotches, grain and pasta quality is at the standard level. The purpose of the current work was to describe the methods of development, properties and testing traits of the new variety.

scholarly journals Productivity and elements of its structure in new genotypes of soft winter wheat of the south of Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Viktor Ivanovich Kovtun ◽  
Alesya Aleksandrovna Sukhareva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The North ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The article presents the best in yield genotypes of soft winter wheat, created in recent years in the North Caucasus FNATS. In terms of grain yield, on average, for two years of study (2018-2019), the best genotypes exceeded the standard variety Thunder from 0,50 to 1,97 t / ha. A particularly high excess over the standard was noted for the main elements of the yield structure: a mass of 1000 grains, the number of grains per spike, and a mass of spike grain. It is indicated that such varieties as Shield, Armada, Lyuda, Batya, Moretz, Source, 1217/14, 1008/15, 1332/15, 1731/15 can be effectively used as genetic sources when creating new winter wheat varieties for the conditions of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Breeding of early ripening potato varieties under the conditions of the Kabardino-Balkarian foothill zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 01034
Author(s):  
Aniuar Abazov ◽  
Khaset Abidov ◽  
Sultan Basiev ◽  
Khusein Nazranov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Early Variety ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
The Russian Federation

Evolution and thousands of years of artificial selection have contributed to the formation of the widest variety of cultivated potatoes. Thanks to this, more than 4 thousand varieties of potatoes have been created in the world today. All of them are known to differ not only in habit, but also in the level of yield, ripening period, resistance degree to numerous diseases and pests, plasticity to certain climatic and soil conditions. The results of research and evaluation of 4 thousand hybrids of the 1st tuber generation (single-tuberous plants) of joint breeding of the Institute of Agriculture ISKh KBNTs RAN and FSBSI (Federal state budgetary scientific institution) “Federal Research Center (FRC) of Potato name after A.G. Lorkh” that passed the full scheme of breeding tests, 9 promising cross-breed populations with economically useful traits were identified: consistently high yield and resistance to a complex of viral, bacterial and fungal diseases. The selected cross-breeds are distinguished by early and medium early ripening periods with a growing season of 55-70 days and a maximum yield of 38.6-66.2 ton/ha, depending on the prevailing weather conditions during the growing season of potato plants in 2019-2020. The genotypes obtained are involved in the implementation of the federal scientific and technical program for the development of potato growing for 2017-2030. The main goal of the program is to create new varieties of early ripeness group of potatoes. The co-executors of this program are a number of research institutes of the Russian Federation, including the Institute of Agriculture ISKh KBNTs RAN. [1] As a result of many years of investigation, the promising cross-breed 2652-15 that emerged from breeding of the Malinovka variety with the backcross 93.20-12 under the name Zamir was transferred in 2020 for the State test of the Russian Federation in the North Caucasian region. Medium early variety for table use and mashed potatoes processing. Potential yield is 49.5 ton/ha. Tubers of an attractive rounded oval shape with shallow eyes weighing 85.5-108.4 g with a yellow color of the tuber and creamy flesh. The tubers are resistant to mechanical damage during combine harvesting, storability is good. Medium resistant to late blight in tops and highly resistant to tubers. Relatively resistant to rhizoctonia and common scab, banded and wrinkled mosaic of leaves.

SOURCE MATERIAL OF A WINTER WHEAT FOR A STRESS-RESISTANT VARIETIES SELECTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
S. K. Temirbekova ◽  
I. M. Kulikov ◽  
Yu. V. Afanasieva ◽  
Е. V. Zuev ◽  
O. O. Beloshapkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Methodological Guidelines

The paper presents the results of the 50-year-long research in to the winter wheat genepool from the VIR world collection in Moscow Region to assess biotic stress resistance following N.I. Vavilov’s concept of ‘ideal variety’ proposed in 1935. Federal Scientific Selection and Technology Center for Horticulture and Nursery was responsible for the field studies of winter wheat, and the All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology and Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy – for phytopathological studies. The wheat collection was studied in compliance with the VIR Methodological Guidelines using the International COMECON list of descriptors for the genus Triticum L. Resistance against enzyme-mycotic exhaustion of seeds (EMIS) was tested using original techniques. It was found that annual brown rust and powdery milde wattacks in the collection’s winter wheat samples caused no significant economic damage. Two cases of Septoria head and leaf blotch, two cases of Fusarium head blight, one case of root rot, one case of barley yellow dwarf virus, 20 cases of EMIS, and three cases of 3rd-degree EMIS, i.e. seed germination in an ear, were recorded. The parent material resistant to the biotic stresses of the region was selected for breeding. Despite the difficulties in combining all the best qualities in one wheat variety in their maximum expression, domestic breeders have created outstanding wheat varieties close to the "ideal" noted by N.I. Vavilov.

scholarly journals Assessment of development effectiveness of solar energy in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 03002
Author(s):  
Aleksey Bataev ◽  
Vitaly Potyarkin ◽  
Antonina Glushkova ◽  
Dmitry Samorukov
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
The Russian Federation

Non-renewable fossils are the main source of energy in modern conditions. This method of production and consumption of energy acts as one of the main anthropogenic factors that negatively impact the environment. Besides, limited energy reserves do not guarantee the sustainable development of world energy in the long term. The way out of this situation is using renewable energy sources (RES). Renewable energy sources are one of the promising and innovative areas of energy development. These energy sources allow moving to a new high-quality level of power supply and heat supply of the country and significantly improving the ecological state of settlements. The Russian Federation has all conditions for the implementation of such innovative projects aimed at using renewable energy sources. One of such promising projects is solar energy. The perspective of using solar energy is an almost inexhaustible resource, available everywhere, and also has another advantage high environmental safety. Besides, solar energy is characterized by low indicators in terms of capital and operating costs, a lower cost of electricity compared to traditional energy as well. In this study, the perspectives for the development of solar energy in the Russian Federation are identified. The existing solar capacities in Russia are analyzed, the main developments of solar energy in the country are determined. A model for assessing the economic efficiency of floating power plants is proposed in this paper. These plants make it possible to provide electricity to entire settlements. Having been the study, conclusions are drawn about the prospects of using such power plants as sources of cheap energy and environmental compatibility.

scholarly journals The effect of varietal traits of durum wheat on the technological and baking qualities of flour when mixed with bread wheat

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
E. N. Shabolkina ◽  
N. V. Anisimkina
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Wheat Bread ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Mutual Compensation ◽  
Improvement Effect

The development of bakery industry is possible due to the use of such non-traditional raw materials as durum wheat. The purpose of the current study was to estimate the effect of varietal traits of durum wheat when mixed with bread wheat according to the results of rheological parameters of dough, technological and bakery estimation of flour. There have been studied technological indicators of grain, rheological and physical parameters of dough, general bakery estimation. There has been established that the high gas-forming ability of durum wheat allows it to be used (30%) as bread wheat improver during baking. However, the positive effect was present not in all years of the study. There has been estimated an improvement effect due to mutual compensation of the missing components and complementarity of the bread and durum wheat varieties. There was found that in 2008, 2010 there was practically no improvement effect when durum wheat flour was added to the mixture in a ratio of 30:70%. There was established that in 2015 the maximum bread volume of 930 cm3 and a good bakery estimation (flat surface, oval shape, golden brown crust, as well as fine thin-walled porosity with elastic light crumb) were obtained by adding bread wheat varieties to durum wheat varieties, which during the year of the study there was formed weak grain (dilute of dough was 110 u.f.; valorigraphic number was 46 u.v.). In 2020, the varieties used in the mixtures of both spring bread and durum wheat were of high quality, and bakery estimation gave excellent indicators both in the control (the variety ‘Tulaykovskaya 108’ with 1300 cm3) and in the mixtures with 1140–1255 cm3; the appearance of bread and crumb in almost all variants had an excellent mark. The largest volume of bread, 1255 cm3, was obtained when the durum wheat variety ‘Bezenchukskaya Niva’ was added to the mixture. Adding durum wheat flour to the mixture in an amount of 30:70% when baking bread reduced its staleness by 6.5% relative to the control (bread wheat); bread remains fresh for a long time with an elastic, quickly regenerated crumb.

scholarly journals Economic and biological characteristics of the new spring oats variety “Arkhan”

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
V. А. Korelina ◽  
О. B. Batakova ◽  
I. V. Zobnina ◽  
А. D. Kabashov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Grain Shedding ◽  
Variety Testing

The developed spring oats varieties should combine potential productivity with resistance to abiotic and biotic environmental factors due to increased adaptability. The purpose of the current study was to develop a new highly productive spring oats variety with a complex of economically valuable traits that are resistant to abiotic and biotic stressors. The current paper has presented a description of the new spring oats variety ‘Arkhan’ (mutika), developed by the Moscow RIA in cooperation with the FSEI “Kotlasskoe” by the method of individual-family selection from a hybrid population obtained from step hybridization of the varieties of different origin. The Competitive Variety Testing of the variety ‘Arkhan’ was carried out in 2013–2016 on the basis of the FSEI “Kotlasskoe” of the Arkhangelsk region, the variety ‘Krechet’ was the standard variety. The grain productivity of the new variety averaged 4.5 t/ha over 4 years, which was significantly larger than that of the standard variety ‘Krechet’ (3.5 t/ha). The average green mass productivity of the variety ‘Arkhan’ was 26.7 t/ha, which on 8.5 t/ha higher than that of the standard variety ‘Krechet’. The variety ‘Arkhan’ is characterized by resistance to head smut, being relatively resistant to crown oats rust. The variety is highly resistant to grain shedding and lodging. According to the best indicators, the new spring oats variety ‘Arkhan’ in 2017 was sent for the study to the State Variety Network of the Russian Federation. According to the results of the State Variety Testing, the variety has been included into the State List of Breeding Achievements approved for use on the territory of the Russian Federation since 2020 (in regions 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5).

Confirmation of chloride deficiency as the cause of leaf spotting in durum wheat grown in the Australian northern grains region

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Schwenke ◽  
S. R. Simpfendorfer ◽  
B. C. Y. Collard
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Delayed Flowering

During the 2007 winter cropping season in Australia, severe leaf-spotting (necrosis) symptoms resembling chloride (Cl–) deficiency found in North America were reported in the newly released durum wheat variety Jandaroi. Testing for bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens all proved negative. Four Australian durum and four Australian bread wheat varieties were grown, along with a North American variety of each, in a glasshouse experiment using a sterile sand–vermiculite mix and nutrient solutions containing 0 (nil), 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mm Cl–. When grown in the nil Cl– solution, all durum and some bread wheat varieties produced leaf-spotting symptoms the same as observed in the field. Nil Cl– also delayed flowering, reduced biomass, decreased grain size, and depressed grain yield in most durum and bread wheat varieties. In field experiments, additions of Cl– fertiliser as KCl at sowing provided no biomass or yield response from a range of wheat varieties, probably because the plants accessed sufficient Cl– from below 0.9 m depth in the soil. Chloride concentrations in whole-plant tissue sampled at head emergence suggested that unfertilised plants were borderline deficient in Cl– according to critical values established in North America. An in-crop foliar Cl– application experiment showed linear uptake of applied Cl–, as MgCl2, until the end of tillering. However, because leaf-spotting symptoms typically appear only after tillering, it is not possible to correct Cl– deficiency by adding Cl– fertiliser to the affected crop after symptoms appear. Managing Cl– in susceptible crops therefore needs to be preventative rather than curative. Among commercial varieties, Jandaroi was highly sensitive to low Cl–, Caparoi was moderately sensitive, and EGA Bellaroi was tolerant. Several elite durum breeding lines grown in 2010 showed considerably reduced leaf spotting compared with Jandaroi under low Cl– conditions, indicating potential for conventional breeding to reduce the potential impact of low Cl– soils on durum production in northern Australia.

scholarly journals Ekmeklik ve Makarnalık Buğdaylara Uygulanan Çinko Dozlarının Kadmiyum Alımına Etkisi

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 1713
Author(s):  
Faruk Özkutlu ◽  
Halil Erdem
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Soil Zn ◽  
Durum Wheat Variety

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of zinc application on Cd uptake of bread (Karacadağ) and durum (Harran-95) wheat growing in high Cd concentrations. Plants were grown under greenhouse conditions in Zn-deficient calcareous soil. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four replicates. In the experiment, Cd was applied 0 (Cd0) and 10 (Cd10) mg kg-1. The Zn application was 10 mg kg-1 Zn (soil+leaf) (10 mg kg-1 Zn + 3 applications from leaf; 10 mg kg-1 Zn + 8 applications from leaf). The Zn application was started at the end of the tillering stage in ZnSO4.7H2O form at 0.1% dose as 3 (3F) and 8 (8F) times of leaf application per a week. The plants were harvested at grain maturity stage and the Cd and Zn concentrations of grains were determined. The results revealed that Zn concentrations of both bread and durum wheat varieties were significantly increased with the soil Zn and soil+leaf Zn applications. The Cd accumulation in Harran-95 variety with soil Cd treatment was higher than that of Karacadağ variety. The Cd concentration (31 μg kg-1) in the control conditions of Karacadağ varieties increased to 3.616 μg kg-1 in Cd 10 conditions, which was 70 μg kg-1 in control conditions of Harran variety and increased to 8.434 μg kg-1 in Cd10 conditions. However, soil and leaf Zn applications have significantly reduced the grain Cd concentrations of durum wheat variety. Cadmium concentration in Harran-95 cultivar at Cd10 dose was 8.434 μg kg-1 before addition of Zn, and it was decreased to 6.464 μg kg-1, to 7.932 μg kg-1 and to 6.745 μg kg-1 with Zn10, Zn10+3Y and Zn10+8Y applications, respectively. The results showed that the durum wheat variety removed higher Cd than the bread wheat variety. In addition, the decrease in grain Cd concentrations was the highest in durum wheat variety with the soil and leaf Zn applications.

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