A prospective longitudinal study of risk factors associated with cattle lameness in southern Alberta feedlots

The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence proportion of lameness in feedlot cattle and the associated risk factors. Lameness was studied in 2 southern Alberta feedlots over a 2 yr period. The incidence proportion of lameness was 36.3% for all calves pulled for treatment. Risk factors associated (P < 0.0001) with increased lameness included body weight (BW), type of cattle, source, stocking density, percentage of forage in the diet, season, precipitation 1 d before diagnosis, and average temperature range 3 d prior to diagnosis. As BW (P < 0.001) increased, the odds of becoming lame also increased. Yearlings and Holsteins had greater (P < 0.001) incidence of lameness than respiratory disease. The odds of becoming lame decreased (P < 0.001) with increased pen density and percentage of forage in the diet. Lameness was greatest in spring (P < 0.001) with the odds of becoming lame being more likely (P < 0.001) with increased precipitation and temperature range (P < 0.001). Use of a multifactorial approach including animal, managerial and environmental factors in a single analysis will improve our understanding of the risk of increased lameness and aid in development of strategies to reduce its incidence in feedlots.

Download Full-text

PSV-1 A prospective longitudinal study of the incidence and risk factors associated with footrot in feedlot lambs in Southern Alberta

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.417 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 227-227

Author(s):

Karen S Schwartzkopf-Genswein ◽

Wiolene M Nordi ◽

Désirée Gellatly ◽

Daniela M Meléndez ◽

Timothy D Schwinghamer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Southern Alberta ◽

Unit Increase ◽

Feedlot Lambs ◽

Potential Strategy ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Lameness in sheep caused by footrot (FR) is a significant health, welfare, and economic concern worldwide. To date, no studies have documented the incidence of FR or associated risk factors in feedlot lambs in Alberta. The objectives of this study were to determine 1) FR incidence and 2) animal, managerial and environmental risk factors associated with FR in one Southern Alberta, lamb feedlot. Assessments were conducted biweekly (average of 10 pens per visit) by 2 experienced observers. A total of 73,150 lambs were assessed between October 2017 and March 2019. All lame lambs were scored according to a 3-point mobility scale (1 = mild, 2 = moderate, and 3 = severe lameness) and physically examined to diagnose the cause of lameness. Risk factors associated with FR were documented and included gender, days on feed (DOF), diet composition, and season. Multivariable regression models (SAS PROC GLIMMIX) were used to determine significant risk factors. A total of 473 lambs were identified as lame, 107 of which were diagnosed with FR (incidence of 22.6%). Footrot affected lambs had greater mobility scores (≥ 2; P < 0.0001) than all other lame diagnoses. Footrot was 4.40 and 0.10 times more likely (P < 0.0001) in female and wether than ram lambs, and 0.60 and 0.23 times more likely (P < 0.0001) in fall and summer than winter and spring seasons. The odds of being diagnosed with FR increased for each additional DOF and each unit increase of barley in the diet (P = 0.0268), while the odds decreased (P = 0.0016) for each additional unit of supplement in the diet. Based on our findings, footrot is an issue to lambs in Alberta, and further studies are still necessary to understand the risk factors associated with potential strategy for mitigating FR in feedlot lambs.

Download Full-text

Risk factors associated with mortality in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. A prospective, longitudinal, unicenter study in Reus, Spain

10.1101/2020.05.29.122986 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Simona Iftimie ◽

Ana F. López-Azcona ◽

Manuel Vicente-Miralles ◽

Ramon Descarrega-Reina ◽

Anna Hernández-Aguilera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Geographical Area ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Mediterranean Area ◽

Point Of View ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACTSpain is one of the countries that has suffered the most from the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the strain that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, there is a lack of information on the characteristics of this disease in the Spanish population. The objective of this study has been to characterize our patients from an epidemiological point of view and to identify the risk factors associated with mortality in our geographical area. We performed a prospective, longitudinal study on 188 hospitalized cases of SARS-Cov-2 infection in Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, in Reus, Spain, admitted between 15th March 2020 and 30th April 2020. We recorded demographic data, signs and symptoms and comorbidities. We also calculated the Charlson and McCabe indices. A total of 43 deaths occurred during the study period. Deceased patients were older than the survivors (77.7 ± 13.1 vs. 62.8 ± 18.4 years; p < 0.001). Logistic regression analyses showed that fever, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, diabetes mellitus and cancer were the variables that showed independent and statistically significant associations with mortality. The Charlson index was more efficient than the McCabe index in discriminating between deceased and survivors. This is one of the first studies to describe the factors associated with mortality in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Spain, and one of the few in the Mediterranean area. We identified the main factors independently associated with mortality in our population. Further studies in are needed to complete and confirm our findings.

Download Full-text

Analysis of Risk Factors Associated withSalmonellaspp. Isolated from U.S. Feedlot Cattle

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease ◽

10.1089/fpd.2007.0068 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 825-833 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Alice L. Green ◽

David A. Dargatz ◽

Bruce A. Wagner ◽

Paula J. Fedorka-Cray ◽

Scott R. Ladely ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Feedlot Cattle ◽

Factors Associated

Download Full-text

A systematic review of the factors associated with the course of borderline personality disorder symptoms in adolescence

Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation ◽

10.1186/s40479-021-00151-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gabriele Skabeikyte ◽

Rasa Barkauskiene

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Borderline Personality Disorder ◽

Personality Disorder ◽

Strong Support ◽

Borderline Personality ◽

Developmental Pathways ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Background Research on personality pathology in adolescence has accelerated during the last decade. Among all of the personality disorders, there is strong support for the validity of borderline personality disorder (BPD) diagnosis in adolescence with comparable stability as seen in adulthood. Researchers have put much effort in the analysis of the developmental pathways and etiology of the disorder and currently are relocating their attention to the identification of the possible risk factors associated with the course of BPD symptoms during adolescence. The risk profile provided in previous systematic reviews did not address the possible development and course of BPD features across time. Having this in mind, the purpose of this systematic review is to identify the factors that are associated with the course of BPD symptoms during adolescence. Methods Electronic databases were systematically searched for prospective longitudinal studies with at least two assessments of BPD as an outcome of the examined risk factors. A total number of 14 articles from the period of almost 40 years were identified as fitting the eligibility criteria. Conclusions Factors associated with the course of BPD symptoms include childhood temperament, comorbid psychopathology, and current interpersonal experiences. The current review adds up to the knowledge base about factors that are associated with the persistence or worsening of BPD symptoms in adolescence, describing the factors congruent to different developmental periods.

Download Full-text

High resting heart rate protects against childhood risk factors in predicting adult psychopathy

Journal of Criminal Psychology ◽

10.1108/jcp-01-2021-0003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

David P. Farrington ◽

Henriette Bergstrøm

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Psychosocial Risk Factors ◽

Psychosocial Risk ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Content Type ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Purpose Previous research has indicated that low resting heart rate (RHR), measured at age 18, predicts later psychopathy, and that high RHR acts as a protective factor in nullifying the influence of several psychosocial risk factors in predicting later antisocial and criminal outcomes. This paper aims to investigate high RHR as a protective factor against age 8–10 psychosocial risk factors in predicting psychopathy factors at age 48 (measured by the PCL:SV). Design/methodology/approach Data collected in the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development are analyzed. This is a prospective longitudinal study of 411 London males from age 8 to age 61. Findings This paper first reports the age 8–10 psychosocial risk factors that predict the interpersonal/affective Factor 1 and the lifestyle/antisocial Factor 2. Then interaction effects with high RHR are studied. The results indicate that high RHR acts as a protective factor against a convicted father and a depressed mother in predicting both psychopathy factors. It also protected against harsh discipline, large family size, low verbal IQ, high hyperactivity, poor parental supervision and a high delinquency-rate school in predicting one of these psychopathy factors, and against a convicted mother in a sensitivity analysis. Originality/value This is the first ever longitudinal study showing that high RHR acts as a protective factor in the prediction of psychopathy. The replicated results with different antisocial outcomes show that more research is warranted on the protective effects of high RHR.

Download Full-text

Seroprevalence of Brucellosis and Associated Risk Factors among Indigenous Breeds of Goats in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria

Journal of Pathogens ◽

10.1155/2018/5257926 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Olaolu T. Olufemi ◽

Danjuma B. Dantala ◽

Paul A. Shinggu ◽

Umesi A. Dike ◽

Gbeminiyi R. Otolorin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

The Public ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Males And Females ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

La Jolla

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Wukari, Taraba state, Nigeria, to determine the prevalence of Brucella antibodies and the risk factors associated with brucellosis in indigenous breeds of goats. A total of 386 goats were sampled from three political wards: Puje, Avyi, and Hospital: harvested sera samples were subjected to Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). GraphPad Prism version 7.03 for Windows (GraphPad Software, La Jolla California, USA) was used to analyse the association between seroprevalence of brucellosis and age, sex, breed, location, and management system by using Chi square and Fisher’s exact test as appropriate. Brucellosis was detected in all three wards: Puje; 15%, Avyi; 6.6%, and Hospital; 7.6%. A prevalence rate of 2.8%, 8%, 18.7%, and 1% was recorded for <20-month, 22-35-month, 36-45-month, and ≥46-55-month age categories, respectively (P < 0.05). Only 9.5% was observed for male animals while 9.8% was observed for female animals with no statistical difference between the males and females. Breed-specific seroprevalence yielded 7.4%, 5.4% 12%, 12.8%, and 11.6%, for Cross, West Africa Dwarf, Red Sokoto, Kano Brown, and Sahel breeds of goat, respectively. There is an evidence of brucellosis (9.6%) in Wukari L.G.A, Taraba State, and age is a risk factor for the disease in the study area. There is a need to enlighten the public on the zoonotic potentials and economic impacts of brucellosis.

Download Full-text

RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH NEONATAL HYPOGLYCEMIA

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2006.13.04.4952 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 13 (04) ◽

pp. 687-690

Author(s):

MUNIR AKMAL LODHI ◽

GHULAM SHABBIR ◽

NASIR ALI SHAH

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Low Birthweight ◽

Birth Asphyxia ◽

Neonatal Hypoglycemia ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Glucose Estimation

Objectives: Recurrent episodes of neonatal hypoglycemia are strongly associated with long termphysical and neuro-developmental deficits. (1) Moreover in neonates hypoglycemia can be overlooked as it may havenonspecific symptoms only. (2) This study was therefore carried out to analyse the risk factors associated with neonatalhypoglycemia and to evaluate the risk factors which have predictive value in its diagnosis. .Design: Based case controlstudy. Period: Six months from January 2005 to June 2005. Setting CMH Pano Aqil. Material and Methods: 385newborns were studied. Newborns of both civilians as well as military personnel were included in the study. 11newborns were excluded. Out of remaining 347 patients 101 were found to be hypoglycemia. Five risk factors (low birthweight, Birth Asphyxia, Neonatal sepsis, Meconeum aspiration syndrome delayed feeding ) strongly and independentlypredicated the risk of hypoglycemia. Results: The most common associated risk factor was low birth weight (47.47%)followed by delayed feeding (46.29%). Blood sampling for glucose estimation was done at birth / admission at 6 hours,12 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours. Test was initially performed by glucometer, the reading which were confirmed bylaboratory testing in border line case. Conclusions: In neonates with associated risk factors it is cost affective to carryout blood glucose levels at the time of birth and follow up readings taken as indicated by clinical progress later on.

Download Full-text

945. Prevalence of HIV Associated Non-AIDS Conditions and Associated Risk Factors among Hospitalized HIV-infected Patients in India

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1131 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S504-S505

Author(s):

Amyeo A Jereen ◽

Celia Kucera ◽

Saniya Pervin ◽

Muralidhar Varma ◽

Radhakrishnan Rajesh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Transmitted Disease ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Patient Risk ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

History Of ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background HIV-associated non-AIDS (HANA) conditions are becoming common as People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLWHIV) age. However, data estimating the prevalence of HANA conditions and associated risk factors is lacking in developing countries. This study evaluates reasons for hospitalizations among PLWHIV in Udupi, India in the antiretroviral era, and describes associated risk factors. Methods Demographic and clinical data were extracted from medical charts of 1280 HIV-infected patients 18 years and older who were admitted to Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, India between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2017, for a total of 2157 hospitalizations. Primary reasons for hospitalization were categorized into AIDS-defining vs Non-AIDS-defining and HANA vs Non-HANA conditions (Fig 1). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate demographic and clinical factors associated with hospitalizations due to AIDS-defining illness and HANA conditions. Categorization of Reasons for Hospitalization Results Patients’ median age was 45 (18-80) years; 70% male. Median age of patients with AIDS-defining illness (45% of hospitalizations) was lower at 44 (18-75) years compared with HANA (15% of hospitalizations) at 48 (21-80) years. Age (OR, 95% CI) (0.985, 0.974-0.995), admission CD4 (0.998, 0.997 - 0.998), history of hypertension (HTN) (0.59, 0.42-0.82), stroke (0.49, 0.24 - 0.93), diabetes (1.56, 1.10 - 2.19), and AIDS-defining cancers (1.74, 1.05 - 2.89) were associated with AIDS-defining hospitalizations (Fig 2). Additionally, age (1.016, 1.001 - 1.031), history of HTN (1.70, 1.16 - 2.46), coronary artery disease (CAD) (4.02, 1.87- 9.02), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (2.30, 1.15 - 4.61), stroke (2.93, 1.46 - 5.96), Hepatitis B (3.32, 1.66- 6.72), Hepatitis C (16.1, 2.84 - 314), sexually transmitted disease (STD) (3.76, 1.38- 10.8), and HANA-associated cancer (2.44, 1.28- 6.42) were associated with HANA hospitalizations (Fig 3). Patient Risk Factors for AIDS-related Hospitalization Patient Risk Factors for HANA-related Hospitalization Conclusion Prevalence of HANA conditions was lower than AIDS-defining illnesses possibly because of a younger population. Patients with AIDS-defining illnesses were also likely to have HANA conditions. Early detection and effective treatment of both HIV and HANA conditions is essential to decrease hospitalizations in low-resource settings. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Download Full-text

Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Norway; a prospective, longitudinal study showing increased transmissibility of the Alpha variant (B.1.1.7) compared with other variants

10.1101/2021.08.15.21261478 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Cathinka Halle Julin ◽

Anna Hayman Robertson ◽

Olav Hungnes ◽

Gro Tunheim ◽

Terese Bekkevold ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Close Contact ◽

Questionnaire Data ◽

Primary Case ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Household Contacts ◽

Household Transmission ◽

Alpha Variant ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

ABSTRACT Background We studied the secondary attack rate (SAR), risk factors, and precautionary practices of household transmission in a prospective longitudinal study. Moreover, we compared household transmission between the Alpha (B.1.1.7) variant and non-variants of concern (non-VOCs). Methods We recruited households of confirmed COVID-19 cases from May 2020 to May 2021. Households received 8 home visits over 6 weeks. Biological samples and questionnaire data were collected. Results We recruited 70 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 146 household contacts. Transmission occurred in 60% of the households; the overall SAR for household contacts was 49.6%. The SAR was significantly higher for the Alpha variant (77.8%) compared with non-VOC variants (42.5%) and was associated with a higher viral load. SAR was higher in household contacts aged ≥40 years (64%) than in younger contacts (40-47%), and for contacts of cases with loss of taste/smell. Close contact prior to confirmation of infection tended to give a higher SAR. A significantly lower SAR was found for sleeping separately from the primary case after confirmation of infection. Conclusion We found substantial household transmission, particularly for the Alpha variant. Precautionary practices seem to reduce SAR; however, prevention of transmission within households may become difficult with more transmissible variants.

Download Full-text

Prevalence and risk factors associated with Campylobacter among layer farms

Veterinary Science Development ◽

10.4081/vsd.2018.6430 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohammad Q. Al-Natour ◽

Akram R. Al-Aboudi ◽

Musa A. Alshehabat ◽

MT K. Tamimi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Stocking Density ◽

Occurrence Rate ◽

Residual Chlorine ◽

Public Health Importance ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Poultry Products ◽

Food Borne ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Free Residual Chlorine

Campylobacter jejuni is an important food-borne pathogen. The main source of this pathogen is poultry and poultry products. Poultry farms of low biosecurity level plays major role in disseminating this pathogen. The objectives of this study were to investigate the occurrence of Campylobacter and identify potential risk factors associated with their presence in layer farms in Northern Jordan. A total of 2524 samples from chickens, litter, water and feed were collected from 35-layer farms. Samples underwent conventional and enrichment isolation methods for Campylobacter. Confirmation was done morphologically, biochemically and by PCR typing. The flock-level prevalence of C. jejuni was 40%, 37%, 20% in chicken cloacae, drinking water and litter respectively. C. jejuni was the only confirmed isolated species. None of the feed samples revealed presence of Campylobacter. The concentration of free residual chlorine was below the recommended standard levels. The risk factors were identified using modified semi-structured questionnaire. There was no significant association between evaluated risk factors and isolation status potentially reflecting small number of study farms. The prevalence rate for C. jejuni is within commonly reported range. High stocking density, short distance between farms, improper hygienic practice and low water chlorine level seems to increase occurrence rate of Campylobacter in layer farms. Educational biosecurity programs regarding C. jejuni transmission and their public health importance needs to be established.

Download Full-text