Nectary and elaiophore work together in flowers of Xylopia aromatica (Annonaceae): structure indicates a role in pollination

Botany ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Elder Antônio Sousa Paiva ◽  
Natália Arias Galastri ◽  
Denise Maria Trombert Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
The Body ◽  
Secretory Process ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Floral Nectary ◽  
Floral Rewards ◽  
Channel Surface ◽  
Glandular Structures ◽  
Highly Correlated

Secretory structures that produce floral rewards have rarely been reported for Annonaceae. We identified a glandular region in Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart., which consisted of a nectary and an elaiophore. This study aimed to describe the structure and secretory process of these glandular structures, which are highly correlated with the reproductive biology of this species. Anatomical and ultrastructural studies were performed prior to and during anthesis, focusing on the channel and pollination chamber. The floral nectary is placed in the roof of the chamber. It has a secretory epidermis and subglandular parenchyma and is immediately contiguous with the elaiophore, a portion that delimits the pollination channel and produces lipids. The release of nectar begins in the pistillate phase, while the elaiophore starts secreting prior to anthesis, both of which finishing during the staminate phase. Lipids form a sticky layer covering the channel surface, which provides access to the chamber. The cell machinery of the epidermis for both nectary and elaiophore is highly correlated with the exudates, despite their highly similar structure. Nectar attracts pollinators to the pollination chamber, whereas lipids seem to act in pollen adhesion to the body of pollinators. Both of exudates appear to act in complementary ways during pollination.

scholarly journals Anatomy of the floral, bract, and foliar nectaries of Triumfetta semitriloba (Tiliaceae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos André Espolador Leitão ◽  
Renata Maria Strozi Alves Meira ◽  
Aristéa Alves Azevedo ◽  
João Marcos de Araújo ◽  
Kellen Lagares Ferreira Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Type A ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Floral Bract ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Floral Nectary ◽  
Foliar Anatomy ◽  
Weedy Species ◽  
Floral Nectaries

Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq. (Tiliaceae) is a tropical weedy species with floral nectaries and glands located at the margins of the leaves. The objectives of this work were to describe the anatomy of these secretory structures and to analyze their exudates. Sucrose, glucose, and fructose were identified in the product released by these secretory structures, characterizing them as nectaries. The nectaries of T. semitriloba are of a specialized type; a secretory epidermis comprised of pluricellular and multiserial nectariferous trichomes covers a nectariferous parenchyma, vascularized by phloem and xylem. A mass of phenolic compounds occurs in the head cells of the nectariferous trichomes of the foliar and bract nectaries; however, it is absent in trichomes of the floral nectary. The leaf and bract nectaries differed from those from flowers in their length and diameter. Structural features of the nectaries of T. semitriloba are typical of other taxa of the Malvales.Key words: foliar anatomy, histochemistry, Malvales, nectaries, Tiliaceae, Triumfetta semitriloba.

Prediction of Successful College Academic Performance from Measures of Body-Cathexis, Self-Cathexis, and Anxiety

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. White ◽  
James A. Wash
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Grade Point Average ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Educational Psychology ◽  
The Body ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Body Cathexis ◽  
Senior Students ◽  
College Academic Success

Measures of body-cathexis, self-cathexis, and anxiety were administered to 74 junior and senior students in educational psychology The body and self tended to be cathected to the same degree, and anxiety was highly correlated with both cathexes. Correlations with grade-point average were nonsignificant. Thus, values placed on body and self tended to be commensurate but lack predictive validity for college academic success.

scholarly journals Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS): A Potential Arthroscopic Tool for Quantitative Assessment of Articular Cartilage

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Ping Huang ◽  
Yong-Ping Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Intravascular Ultrasound ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Frequency Ultrasound ◽  
Surface Reflection ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Highly Correlated

Conventional ultrasound examination of the articular cartilage performed externally on the body surface around the joint has limited accuracy due to the inadequacy in frequency used. In contrast to this, minimally invasive arthroscopy-based ultrasound with adequately high frequency may be a better alternative to assess the cartilage. Up to date, no special ultrasound transducer for imaging the cartilage in arthroscopic use has been designed. In this study, we introduced the intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) for this purpose. An IVUS system with a catheter-based probe (Ø ≈ 1mm) was used to measure the thickness and surface acoustical reflection of the bovine patellar articular cartilage in vitro before and after degeneration induced by enzyme treatments. Similar measurement was performed using another high frequency ultrasound system (Vevo) with a probe of much larger size and the results were compared between the two systems. The thickness measured using IVUS was highly correlated (r = 0.985, p < 0.001) with that obtained by Vevo. Thickness and surface reflection amplitude measured using IVUS on the enzymatically digested articular cartilage showed changes similar to those obtained by Vevo, which were expectedly consistent with previous investigations. IVUS can be potentially used for the quantitative assessment of articular cartilage, with its ready-to-use arthroscopic feature.

Measurement of alveolar gas volume by ambient pressure changes in isolated lungs

1988 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 1281-1285
Author(s):  
R. R. Martin ◽  
R. Peslin ◽  
C. Duvivier ◽  
C. Gallina
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Water Vapor Pressure ◽  
Volumetric Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Isolated Lungs ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Gas Volume ◽  
The Relationship

Alveolar gas volume (AGV) may be measured in humans (Peslin et al., J. Appl. Physiol. 62: 359-363, 1987) by applying very slow sinusoidal variations of ambient pressure (delta Pam) around the body and studying the relationship between delta Pam and the resulting gas displacement at the mouth (delta Vaw): AGVapc = (PB.delta Vaw)/(delta Pam.cos phi), where AGVapc is AGV measured by ambient pressure changes, PB is barometric minus alveolar water vapor pressure, and phi is the phase angle between Pam and Vaw. The applicability of this method to excised lungs at various transpulmonary pressures was assessed in six rabbit lungs and three dog lobes by reference to AGV measurements by He dilution (AGVdil) and by a volumetric method (AGVvol). Except in one instance, AGVapc did not change significantly when the frequency of delta Pam was varied from 0.02 to 0.2 Hz. AGVapc was highly correlated (P less than 0.001) to both AGVdil and AGVvol. It did not differ significantly from AGVdil (81.4 +/- 50.6 vs. 80.2 +/- 44.2 ml) and was only marginally higher than AGVvol (64.6 +/- 26.9 vs. 62.4 +/- 24.4 ml, P less than 0.05). We conclude that the method usually provides accurate results in excised lung preparations. Its main advantages are that it does not require manipulating the lung or changing its volume and that the measurement takes less than 1 min.

scholarly journals Adiposity signals predict vocal effort in Alston's singing mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1877) ◽  
pp. 20180090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy T. Burkhard ◽  
Rebecca R. Westwick ◽  
Steven M. Phelps
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adiposity Signals ◽  
Vocal Effort ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Costly Traits ◽  
Somatic State ◽  
The Relationship

Advertisement displays often seem extravagant and expensive, and are thought to depend on the body condition of a signaller. Nevertheless, we know little about how signallers adjust effort based on condition, and few studies find a strong relationship between natural variation in condition and display. To examine the relationship between body condition and signal elaboration more fully, we characterized physiological condition and acoustic displays in a wild rodent with elaborate vocalizations, Alston's singing mouse, Scotinomys teguina . We found two major axes of variation in condition—one defined by short-term fluctuations in caloric nutrients, and a second by longer-term variation in adiposity. Among acoustic parameters, song effort was characterized by high rates of display and longer songs. Song effort was highly correlated with measures of adiposity. We found that leptin was a particularly strong predictor of display effort. Leptin is known to influence investment in other costly traits, such as immune function and reproduction. Plasma hormone levels convey somatic state to a variety of tissues, and may govern trait investment across vertebrates. Such measures offer new insights into how animals translate body condition into behavioural and life-history decisions.

scholarly journals Estimation of Body Composition and Normal Fluid Status Using a Calf Bioimpedance Technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fansan Zhu ◽  
Nathan W. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Normal Fluid ◽  
Fluid Status ◽  
Body Composition Study ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
A Prospective Study

The aims of this study in hemodialysis (HD) patients were: 1. To evaluate the relationship of calf bioimpedance with total body composition and fluid status as measured by gold standard methods. 2. To investigate the ability of calf normalized resistivity (CNR) to predict the normal fluid status (dry weight: DW) in a prospective study. In the body composition study (n = 41), fluid status (ECVBr/FFMMRI), muscle mass (MMMRI), and total adipose tissue (TATMRI) were measured by dilution (D2O and Br) and MRI methods three hours prior to HD treatment. Calf extracellular and intracellular resistance, resistivity, and CNR were measured with a multi-frequency bioimpedance device (Hydra 4200). In the fluid status study (n = 32 with 429 measurements), a nonlinear model based on the differences in CNR between patients and healthy subjects was established to predict DWcBIS previously determined by a separate continuous calf bioimpedance spectroscopy (cBIS) method. CNR significantly correlated with a gold standard hydration marker (ECVBr/FFMMRI). Calf body composition models were highly correlated with MMMRI (R2 = 0.85) and TATMRI (R2 = 0.85). DWcBIS prediction was validated with a CNR model in the degree of differences of 0.94 ± 0.18, 0.39 ± 0.7 and -0.02 ± 0.8 kg from DWcBIS when post HD fluid overload was 1.8 ± 1.2, 1.15 ± 0.8 and 0.54 ± 0.5 kg, respectively. These differences are not considered to be clinically significant. Conclusion: This practical method of calf bioimpedance is useful to predict body composition and normal fluid status in dialysis patients.

PSXIII-16 Comparison of models for prediction of pig body weight using features from an autonomous 3D computer vision system

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 475-476
Author(s):  
Arthur Francisco Araujo Fernandes ◽  
João R R Dorea ◽  
Robert Fitzgerald ◽  
William O Herring
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Vision System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Volume ◽  
Depth Images ◽  
3D Computer Vision ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Fully Connected

Abstract Computer vision systems (CVS) have many applications in livestock, for example, they allow measuring traits of interest without the need for directly handling the animals, avoiding unnecessary animal stress. The objective in the current study was to devise an automated CVS for extraction of variables as body measurements and shape descriptors in pigs using depth images. These features were then tested as potential predictors of live body weight (BW) using a 5-fold cross validation (CV) with different modeling approaches: traditional multiple linear regression (LR), partial least squares (PLS), elastic networks (EL), and artificial neural networks (ANN). The devised CVS could analyze and extract features from a video fed at a rate of 12 frames per second. This resulted in a dataset with more than 32 thousand frames from 655 pigs. However, only the 580 pigs with more than 5 frames recorded were used for the development of the predictive models. From the body measures extracted from the images, body volume, area and length presented the highest correlations with BW, while widths and heights were highly correlated with each other (Figure 1). The results of the CV of the models developed for predictions of BW using a selected set of the more significant variables presented mean absolute errors (MAE) of 3.92, 3.78, 3.72, and 2.57 for PLS, LR, EN, and ANN respectively (Table 1). In conclusion, the CVS developed can automatically extract relevant variables from 3D images and a fully connected ANN with 6 hidden layers presented the overall best predictive results for BW.

scholarly journals Postembryonic development of tapeworms — source of novel phylogenetic characters for analysis of cestode evolution: comparative TEM studies

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Świderski
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Postembryonic Development ◽  
Current Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Calcareous Corpuscle ◽  
Parenchymal Cells

AbstractUltrastructural features of juvenile cestodes (metacestodes) can provide useful characters for phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses. Until now, however, they have been relatively little utilised (Beveridge 2001, Chervy 2002). The postembryonic development and structure of fully formed metacestodes were examined in two cyclophyllideans: Taenia parva Baer, 1926 (Taeniidae); and Sobolevitaenia verulamii (Mettrick, 1958) Korniushin, 1972 (Dilepididae). In T. parva, three developmental stages were recognized: (1) an early stage of exogenous budding at the surface of the central vesicle; (2) a stage of polycephalic cyst development accompanied by segmentation of the growing metacestode strobila and an obvious decrease in the size of the central vesicle; (3) a fully formed metacestode of the strobilocercus type with 14–24 invaginated scoleces. The tegument, scolex, subtegumental musculature of the strobilar segments, protonephridial system, calcareous corpuscles and medullary parenchyma of larvae exhibit general similarity to the same structures in adults at both LM and TEM levels. The morphogenesis of the metacestode of T. parva is compared with that of polycephalic metacestodes of other Taenia spp. (T. krepkogorski, T. twitchelli and T. endothoracica) and with other asexually multiplying metacestodes (Mesocestoides vogae, hymenolepidids and dilepidids). In S. verulamii, the body of the cysticercoid with invaginated scolex armed with a double crown of rostellar hooks was completely surrounded by the cercomer, which appears to be separated from the cyst and scolex. The surface of the suckers is covered with a thick layer of glycocalyx. Five cell types were distinguished in the sections: (1) perikarya of metacestode tegument; (2) glycolgen-storing parenchymal cells; (3) glandular-type cells with large, electron-dense secretory-like granules; (4) flame cells; and (5) calcareous corpuscle-forming cells. The surface of the cercomer is covered by elongated microvilli, which evidently differ from characteristic microtriches covering all other parts of the metacestode surface. The ultrastructure of S. verulamii evidently differs from that of the other dilepidid cestode examined to date, Lateriporus geographicus, the cyst wall of which more resembles cysticercoids of Hymenolepididae than those of Dilepididae. Concluding remarks: Ultrastructural studies on metacestodes have considerable promise for providing important new characters for phylogenetic analysis. New TEM data on a great variety of cestode species are urgently needed. Until now, this field has not been exploited in a systematic fashion. Until more comprehensive studies become available, the current data are not yet amenable to analysis.

scholarly journals Actomyosin interactions with insulin-storage granules in vitro

1982 ◽  
Vol 206 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
S L Howell ◽  
M Tyhurst
Keyword(s):  
Cytochalasin B ◽  
Secretory Process ◽  
Sedimentation Rates ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Actomyosin Interaction ◽  
Storage Granules ◽  
Rat Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Insulin Storage ◽  
Close Contacts

Interactions between actomyosin and insulin storage granules isolated from rat islets of Langerhans have been examined in a simple system in vitro, which allows comparison of the sedimentation of the granules in the presence of absence of actomyosin in various conditions. Actomyosin altered granule-sedimentation rates in a manner consistent with the binding of the granules of actomyosin filaments. This interaction was enhanced by addition of ATP (1.5 mM) but unaltered by addition of CaCl2, by calmodulin or by calmodulin in the presence of 10 microM-CaCl2. Addition of EGTA (0.1 mM), cyclic AMP (10 microM) of cytochalasin B (10 microgram/ml) were also without effects in these conditions. Pre-incubation of granules with phospholipase c did not affect granule-actomyosin interaction. Ultrastructural studies showed close contacts between the membranes of the granules and actomyosin filaments. The results indicate the possibility that actomyosin might provide the motile force for granule translocation during the insulin secretory process.

scholarly journals Microphysiologic systems in female reproductive biology

2017 ◽  
Vol 242 (17) ◽  
pp. 1690-1700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandria N Young ◽  
Georgette Moyle-Heyrman ◽  
J Julie Kim ◽  
Joanna E Burdette
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Organ Systems

Microphysiologic systems (MPS), including new organ-on-a-chip technologies, recapitulate tissue microenvironments by employing specially designed tissue or cell culturing techniques and microfluidic flow. Such systems are designed to incorporate physiologic factors that conventional 2D or even 3D systems cannot, such as the multicellular dynamics of a tissue–tissue interface or physical forces like fluid sheer stress. The female reproductive system is a series of interconnected organs that are necessary to produce eggs, support embryo development and female health, and impact the functioning of non-reproductive tissues throughout the body. Despite its importance, the human reproductive tract has received less attention than other organ systems, such as the liver and kidney, in terms of modeling with MPS. In this review, we discuss current gaps in the field and areas for technological advancement through the application of MPS. We explore current MPS research in female reproductive biology, including fertilization, pregnancy, and female reproductive tract diseases, with a focus on their clinical applications. Impact statement This review discusses existing microphysiologic systems technology that may be applied to study of the female reproductive tract, and those currently in development to specifically investigate gametes, fertilization, embryo development, pregnancy, and diseases of the female reproductive tract. We focus on the clinical applicability of these new technologies in fields such as assisted reproductive technologies, drug testing, disease diagnostics, and personalized medicine.

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