scholarly journals Adiposity signals predict vocal effort in Alston's singing mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1877) ◽  
pp. 20180090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy T. Burkhard ◽  
Rebecca R. Westwick ◽  
Steven M. Phelps
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adiposity Signals ◽  
Vocal Effort ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Costly Traits ◽  
Somatic State ◽  
The Relationship

Advertisement displays often seem extravagant and expensive, and are thought to depend on the body condition of a signaller. Nevertheless, we know little about how signallers adjust effort based on condition, and few studies find a strong relationship between natural variation in condition and display. To examine the relationship between body condition and signal elaboration more fully, we characterized physiological condition and acoustic displays in a wild rodent with elaborate vocalizations, Alston's singing mouse, Scotinomys teguina . We found two major axes of variation in condition—one defined by short-term fluctuations in caloric nutrients, and a second by longer-term variation in adiposity. Among acoustic parameters, song effort was characterized by high rates of display and longer songs. Song effort was highly correlated with measures of adiposity. We found that leptin was a particularly strong predictor of display effort. Leptin is known to influence investment in other costly traits, such as immune function and reproduction. Plasma hormone levels convey somatic state to a variety of tissues, and may govern trait investment across vertebrates. Such measures offer new insights into how animals translate body condition into behavioural and life-history decisions.

scholarly journals Spelling Scoring Metrics in Malay Language: An Investigation among Young Spellers

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1622
Author(s):  
Swee Gek Tang ◽  
Julia Ai Cheng Lee ◽  
Jecky Misieng
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Phonological Coding ◽  
Correct Letter ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among three spelling scoring metrics, namely, words spelled correctly (WSC), correct letter sequences (CLS), and phonological coding (PC) in Malay language. The relationship between spelling measure and word reading measure was studied. There were 866 Primary 1 (Grade 1 equivalent) students from 11 randomly selected public primary schools in Kuching, Sarawak Malaysia who participated in this study. The study showed that the scores from each scoring metric were highly correlated to each other. There was a strong relationship between each spelling outcome to word reading.

Measurement of alveolar gas volume by ambient pressure changes in isolated lungs

1988 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 1281-1285
Author(s):  
R. R. Martin ◽  
R. Peslin ◽  
C. Duvivier ◽  
C. Gallina
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Water Vapor Pressure ◽  
Volumetric Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Isolated Lungs ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Gas Volume ◽  
The Relationship

Alveolar gas volume (AGV) may be measured in humans (Peslin et al., J. Appl. Physiol. 62: 359-363, 1987) by applying very slow sinusoidal variations of ambient pressure (delta Pam) around the body and studying the relationship between delta Pam and the resulting gas displacement at the mouth (delta Vaw): AGVapc = (PB.delta Vaw)/(delta Pam.cos phi), where AGVapc is AGV measured by ambient pressure changes, PB is barometric minus alveolar water vapor pressure, and phi is the phase angle between Pam and Vaw. The applicability of this method to excised lungs at various transpulmonary pressures was assessed in six rabbit lungs and three dog lobes by reference to AGV measurements by He dilution (AGVdil) and by a volumetric method (AGVvol). Except in one instance, AGVapc did not change significantly when the frequency of delta Pam was varied from 0.02 to 0.2 Hz. AGVapc was highly correlated (P less than 0.001) to both AGVdil and AGVvol. It did not differ significantly from AGVdil (81.4 +/- 50.6 vs. 80.2 +/- 44.2 ml) and was only marginally higher than AGVvol (64.6 +/- 26.9 vs. 62.4 +/- 24.4 ml, P less than 0.05). We conclude that the method usually provides accurate results in excised lung preparations. Its main advantages are that it does not require manipulating the lung or changing its volume and that the measurement takes less than 1 min.

scholarly journals The relationship between pink salmon biomass and the body condition of short-tailed shearwaters in the Bering Sea: can fish compete with seabirds?

2011 ◽  
Vol 278 (1718) ◽  
pp. 2584-2590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanako Toge ◽  
Rei Yamashita ◽  
Kentaro Kazama ◽  
Masaaki Fukuwaka ◽  
Orio Yamamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Bering Sea ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Bering Sea

Seabirds and large fishes are important top predators in marine ecosystems, but few studies have explored the potential for competition between these groups. This study investigates the relationship between an observed biennial change of pink salmon ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ) biomass in the central Bering Sea (23 times greater in odd-numbered than in even-numbered years) and the body condition and diet of the short-tailed shearwater ( Puffinus tenuirostris ) that spends the post-breeding season there. Samples were collected with research gill nets over seven summers. Both species feed on krill, small fishes and squid. Although the mean pink salmon catch per unit effort (in mass) over the study region was not related significantly with shearwater's stomach content mass or prey composition, the pink salmon biomass showed a negative and significant relationship with the shearwater's body mass and liver mass (proxies of energy reserve). We interpret these results as evidence that fishes can negatively affect mean prey intake of seabirds if they feed on a shared prey in the pelagic ecosystem.

scholarly journals Karayaka Koyunlarında Gebelikte Kondisyon Puanı ve Transabdominal Ultrasonografi Yönteminin Kullanımı Üzerine Bir Araştırma

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1789
Author(s):  
Hilal Tozlu Çelik ◽  
Fatih Ahmet Aslan ◽  
Yeliz Kaşko Arıcı ◽  
Metehan Eser Kahveci ◽  
İbrahim Kiper
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth

In this study, it was aimed to determine the number of pregnancies and infants by B-Mod Real Time 3.5 MHz linear transabdominal probe ultrasonography device on the 50th day of pregnancy in 126 head Karayaka sheep. In addition, the relationship between body condition score and fry birth weight was tried to be determined on the 50th day of pregnancy and sheep age. The findings obtained by ultrasonography device were compared with the lambing records. In this study, the accuracy of ultrasound examination was 84% and sensitivity was 93%. The correlation coefficient between the average body condition score of the sheep on the 50th day of pregnancy and birth weight of the offspring was calculated as 0.234 and it was found to be statistically significant. It was determined that there was a significant relationship between the sheep age and the body condition score at the 50th day of pregnancy.

scholarly journals The trend of cowmilk yield, its compostion and the body condition during the lactation

2009 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Edit Mikó Józsefné Jónás ◽  
Imre Mucsi ◽  
István Komlósi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Body Condition Scores

The authors examined the data of 2767 trial milkings andthe months Body Condition Scores of 479 Holstein dairy cows. The condition loss was significant between the 30-60th days. The improvement of BCS begins only after the 120th day. The change in the milk protein and milk fat content were close after the condition changing. In each period of the lactation the closeness of the relationship among the condition, the milk quantity and the milk composition were different. In the aspect of the milk quantity the most significant difference was between the 2.5 and 4 BCS cows (6.68 kg) in the last period of the lactation.

Simulation of three-dimensional female body shapes with proportional representation for various weights and heights

SIMULATION ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 851-866
Author(s):  
Chanjira Sinthanayothin ◽  
Wisarut Bholsithi ◽  
Duangrat Gansawat ◽  
Nonlapas Wongwaen ◽  
Piyanut Xuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Proportions ◽  
Body Proportion ◽  
3D Scanners ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Body Shapes ◽  
The Relationship

Obesity is a significant factor in health information and increases the risk of health problems. Hence, an application that can help users to monitor their body mass index (BMI) timelines is needed. The simulation of a personalized 3D body shape may encourage women to control their BMI for a healthy body and pleasant appearance. Therefore, this paper aims to develop computerized 3D models of female shapes for various weights and heights, and consists of three important parts. First, the preparation of six avatars is described. Second, the body proportions of 6767 female datasets are analyzed to find the relationship of variables in various weights and heights. Last, 3D morphing of different female shapes is developed and analyzed experimentally for appropriate morphing parameters. Accuracy tests are carried out in three ways. First, body proportions calculated using the Z-Size Ladies application, called “Z-Size calculations,” are compared with the body proportions of data obtained from 3D scanners. Second, the Z-Size calculations are compared with tape measurements. Last, the Z-Size calculations are compared with measurements of Z-Size 3D morph models. The results of accuracy tests are shown as the relationship graphs between the BMI and body proportion measurements of chest, waist, hip, and inseam. Bland–Altman plots and Pearson correlation calculation show high correlation. In conclusion, the data obtained from the Z-Size calculations, 3D Scanner, tape measurements, and Z-Size morph models’ measurements are in good agreement and are highly correlated. The simulation of 3D female shapes for different weights and heights as proposed shows good performance and high accuracy.

Heart rate as an indicator of oxygen consumption: influence of body condition in the king penguin

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (12) ◽  
pp. 2133-2144 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Froget ◽  
P. J. Butler ◽  
Y. Handrich ◽  
A. J. Woakes
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Active Oxygen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Oxygen Pulse ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARY The use of heart rate to estimate field metabolic rate has become a more widely used technique. However, this method also has some limitations, among which is the possible impact that several variables such as sex, body condition (i.e. body fat stores) and/or inactivity might have on the relationship between heart rate and rate of oxygen consumption. In the present study, we investigate the extent to which body condition can affect the use of heart rate as an indicator of the rate of oxygen consumption. Twenty-two breeding king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) were exercised on a variable-speed treadmill. These birds were allocated to four groups according to their sex and whether or not they had been fasting. Linear regression equations were used to describe the relationship between heart rate and the rate of oxygen consumption for each group. There were significant differences between the regression equations for the four groups. Good relationships were obtained between resting and active oxygen pulses and an index of the body condition of the birds. Validation experiments on six courting king penguins showed that the use of a combination of resting oxygen pulse and active oxygen pulse gave the best estimate of the rate of oxygen consumption V̇O2. The mean percentage error between predicted and measured V̇O2 was only +0.81% for the six birds. We conclude that heart rate can be used to estimate rate of oxygen consumption in free-ranging king penguins even over a small time scale (30min). However, (i) the type of activity of the bird must be known and (ii) the body condition of the bird must be accurately determined. More investigations on the impact of fasting and/or inactivity on this relationship are required to refine these estimates further.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES AND BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) IN ADOLESCENTS AGED 16-18 YEARS OLD IN SMA NEGERI 2 DENPASAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luh Dwi Erma Krismawati ◽  
Ni Luh Nopi Andayani ◽  
Nila Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
The Relationship

Any movement of the body produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure, and muscle workwhich called physical activities. Increased BMI occurs because of an energy imbalance between food intake with energyreleased to cause the buildup of energy in the form of fat that can lead to obesity or increased BMI.This study purposewas to determine the relationship between physical activities and body mass index (BMI) in adolescents aged 16-18years old in SMA Negeri 2 Denpasar. This research was analytical research with cross sectional approach done inFebruary-March 2018. Sampling was done by Simple Random Sampling. Sample amounted to 70 people. The resultsshowed the relationship between physical activities with body mass index. In the calculation of chi square data analysiscould be seen that significant value (2-tailed) was 0,000 which meant that significant value was p < 0.05. Based on theresults of this study, it can be concluded that there is a strong relationship between physical activities and body massindex (BMI) in adolescents aged 16-18 years old in SMA Negeri 2 Denpasar. Keywords : Physical activity, Body Mass Index (BMI)

The impact of environmental temperature on larval development and metamorph body condition in the common toad, Bufo bufo

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Reading
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Bufo Bufo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
The Common ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Toad Bufo ◽  
Toad Bufo Bufo

AbstractThe dates when common toads first started to spawn (1980-2009) and when metamorphs first started to emerge from the natal pond (1984-2009) were recorded annually at a pond in southern England. Data loggers were used to record daily pond water temperatures between 1995-1999 and 2002-2009. The SVL and body mass of newly emerged metamorphs were recorded between 2003-2009. The dates of first spawn deposition varied between years by up to 60 days, from 28th January 2007 to 29th March 2006. The duration of the tadpole stage was negatively correlated with the date of first spawn deposition and with the mean pond water temperature during the tadpole stage. Although the duration of the tadpole stage was longer when spawning was early, compared to when it was late, metamorphs emerged from the pond up to 37 days earlier when spawning was early but with a lower body condition than when spawning was late. The body condition of newly emerged metamorphs was highly correlated with the temperature of the pond water they experienced as tadpoles. The potential benefit of early metamorphosis in providing a longer period of time for toadlet growth, before entering their first hibernation, may be counterbalanced by their poorer body condition when compared with later emerging metamorphs.

A note on the use of a lumbar joint as a predictor of body fat depots in Aragonesa ewes with different body condition scores

1989 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Delfa ◽  
A. Teixeira ◽  
F. Colomer-Rocher
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Body Condition Scores

The lumbar joint, which is handled to assess body condition scores, was taken from 52 adult Rasa Aragonesa ewes with body condition scores between 1·5 and 4·5 and dissected into muscle, bone, subcutaneous and intermuscular fat. The subcutaneous fat in the lumbar joint was highly correlated with total fat in the body (r=0·97), confirming the value of this region for assessing body condition in Rasa Aragonesa ewes.

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