Effects of production methods and protective ingredients on the viability of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 in air-dried alginate beads

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude P. Champagne ◽  
Yves Raymond ◽  
Yves Arcand
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Cell Multiplication ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Constant Ph ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Protective Medium ◽  
Fermentation Technology

The goal of this study was to use a microencapsulation technology to prepare air-dried concentrated cultures of Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011. The cultures were microencapsulated in alginate beads, which were added to a growth medium to allow cell multiplication inside the matrix; the beads were recovered, dipped in protective solutions, and air-dried. The effects of fermentation technology and of the composition of the protective solutions on subsequent survival during air-drying were examined. The cells prepared under a constant pH of 6.2 had only 2.5% survival to air-drying at 25 °C when the protective solution was composed of sucrose and phosphate. Allowing the pH to drop to 4.2 during the biomass production step and using a protective medium composed of glycerol, maltodextrin, yeast extract, and ascorbate increased survival to 20%. If the ingredients of the protective medium at the beginning of drying were concentrated at a water activity of 0.96 rather than 0.98, survival during air-drying increased further to 56%. This rate was similar to that of a traditional freeze-drying process. These data suggest that applying a combination of acid and osmotic stresses to L. rhamnosus R0011 cells improves their subsequent stability during the air-drying process. Dried microencapsulated cultures having 2.6 × 1011 CFU·g–1 were obtained.

scholarly journals Mead Production Using Immobilized Cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Reuse of Sodium Alginate Beads

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 724
Author(s):  
Miguel L. Sousa-Dias ◽  
Vanessa Branco Paula ◽  
Luís G. Dias ◽  
Letícia M. Estevinho
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Production Medium ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Volatile Acidity ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Second Category

This work studied the production of mead using second category honey and the immobilized cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in sodium alginate, with concentrations of 2% and 4%, and their reuse in five successive fermentations. The immobilized cells with 4% alginate beads were mechanically more stable and able to allow a greater number of reuses, making the process more economical. The fermentation’s consumption of sugars with free cells (control) and immobilized cells showed a similar profile, being completed close to 72 h, while the first use of immobilized cells finished at 96 h. The immobilized cells did not significantly influence some oenological parameters, such as the yield of the consumed sugars/ethanol, the alcohol content, the pH and the total acidity. There was a slight increase in the volatile acidity and a decrease in the production of SO2. The alginate concentrations did not significantly influence either the parameters used to monitor the fermentation process or the characteristics of the mead. Mead fermentations with immobilized cells showed the release of cells into the wort due to the disintegration of the beads, indicating that the matrix used for the yeast’s immobilization should be optimized, considering the mead production medium.

Adult human chondrocytes cultured in alginate form a matrix similar to native human articular cartilage

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (3) ◽  
pp. C742-C752 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Hauselmann ◽  
K. Masuda ◽  
E. B. Hunziker ◽  
M. Neidhart ◽  
S. S. Mok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Cell Sorting ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Human Chondrocytes ◽  
Human Articular Cartilage ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Matrix Compartment ◽  
Associated Matrix

The matrix formed by adult human chondrocytes in alginate beads is composed of two compartments: a thin rim of cell-associated matrix that corresponds to the pericellular and territorial matrix of articular cartilage and a more abundant further-removed matrix, the equivalent of the interterritorial matrix in the tissue. On day 30 of culture, the relative and absolute volumes occupied by the cells and each of the two matrix compartments in the beads were nearly identical to those in native articular cartilage. Furthermore, the concentration of aggrecan in the cell-associated matrix was similar to that in adult human articular cartilage and was approximately 40-fold higher than in the further removed matrix compartment. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting revealed that the cell-associated matrix was built on the cell membrane in part via interactions between hyaluronic acid and CD44-like receptors. Approximately 25% of the aggrecan molecules synthesized by the chondrocytes during a 4-h pulse in the presence of [35S]sulfate on day 9 of culture were retained in the cell-associated matrix where they turned over with a half-life (t1/2) = 29 days. Most [35S]aggrecan molecules reached the further removed matrix compartment where they turned over much more slowly (t1/2 > 100 days). These results add support to the contention that aggrecan molecules residing in the pericellular and territorial areas of the adult human articular cartilage matrix are more susceptible to degradation by proteolytic enzymes synthesized by the chondrocytes than those that inhabit the interterritorial areas further removed from the cells.

Changes in Gene Expression of Commercial Baker's Yeast during an Air-Drying Process that Simulates Dried Yeast Production

2008 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihide Nakamura ◽  
Satomi Mizukami-Murata ◽  
Akira Ando ◽  
Yoshinori Murata ◽  
Hiroshi Takagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Baker’S Yeast ◽  
Baker's Yeast ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Yeast Production

scholarly journals Structural Monitoring of a Large Archaeological Wooden Structure in Real Time, Post PEG Treatment

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1788
Author(s):  
Hugh Collett ◽  
Florian Bouville ◽  
Finn Giuliani ◽  
Eleanor Schofield
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Structural Monitoring ◽  
Target System ◽  
Structural Failure ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Conservation Treatment ◽  
Peg Treatment ◽  
Wooden Structures

Large archaeological wooden structures are potentially at risk of structural failure through deformation and cracking over time if they are left untreated and their structural health is not maintained. This could be in part due to, for example, the shrinkage of waterlogged wood as it dries, or time-dependent creep processes. These dimensional changes are accompanied by associated stresses. However, there are few studies analysing the movement of large wooden structures in real time as they dry, particularly after their conservation treatment. This paper follows the structural monitoring of the Mary Rose from after the conservation treatment, where it was sprayed with polyethylene glycol, through to the ship’s air-drying process and beyond to assess the effects that drying has had on the displacement of the timbers. A laser-based target system was used to collect displacement data between 2013 and 2020 and the data showed a significant slowing of displacement as the drying reached an equilibrium.

Experimental Study on Hot-air Drying Process Parameters Optimization of Chinese Jujubes

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 6154-6158
Author(s):  
Xiao Kang-Yi ◽  
Chuan Feng-Li ◽  
Shu Gang-Li ◽  
He Lei Cui ◽  
Wen Fu-Wu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Parameters Optimization ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Hot Air Drying ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Process Parameters Optimization ◽  
Hot Air

scholarly journals Changes in Aroma Profile of Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinus edodes) during Different Stages of Hot Air Drying

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Qin ◽  
Jing-Xuan Gao ◽  
Jia Xue ◽  
Dong Chen ◽  
Song-Yi Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Organosulfur Compounds ◽  
Lentinus Edodes ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Shiitake Mushroom ◽  
Hot Air Drying ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Hot Air

To clarify the changes in the aroma characteristics of shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edodes) during hot-air drying, volatile compounds of L. edodes were analyzed using sensory evaluation, electronic nose, and purge and trap combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (PT-GC-MS) at different timepoints of the drying process. Results showed that the sensory and volatile profile changed significantly during the drying process at 60 °C for up to 12 h and the drying process could be divided into three stages: early stage (<2 h), middle stage (2–3.5 h) and late stage (>3.5 h). Volatile compounds in fresh L. edodes consisted mainly of ketones and alcohols. The early stage of drying decreased the concentration of ketone and alcohol compounds and promoted the generation of cyclic organosulfur compounds through a series of enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions, which mainly contribute to the characteristic odor of shiitake mushroom. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed that the volatile compounds released after different drying times could be divided into four groups, which have been confirmed by sensory evaluation results. The results suggested that the unique flavor of dried mushrooms is mainly due to the activation of enzymes during the drying process, which act on lentinic acid to produce sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds. We believe that our study makes a potential contribution to the mushroom cultivation and processing industry to achieve an improvement in sensory quality.

Impacts of matric suction equalization on small strain shear modulus of soils during air drying

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1982-1997
Author(s):  
Thang Pham Ngoc ◽  
Behzad Fatahi ◽  
Hadi Khabbaz ◽  
Daichao Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Small Strain ◽  
Matric Suction ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Small Strain Shear Modulus ◽  
The Impact

In this study, a weight-control bender element system has been developed to investigate the impact of matric suction equalization on the measurement of small strain shear modulus (Gmax) during an air-drying process. The setup employed is capable of measuring the shear wave velocity and the corresponding Gmax of the soil sample in either an open system in which the soil sample evaporates freely or in a closed system that allows the process of matric suction equalization. The comparison between measurements of Gmax in the open and closed systems revealed underestimations of Gmax when matric suction equalization was ignored due to the nonuniform distribution of water content across the sample cross-sectional area. This study also investigated the time required for matric suction equalization tse to be established for samples with different sizes. The experimental results indicated two main mechanisms driving the matric suction equalization in a closed system during an air-drying process, namely the hydraulic flow of water and the flow of vapour. While the former played the key role when the micropores were still saturated at the high range of water content, effects of the latter increased and finally dominated when more air invaded the micropores at lower water contents.

scholarly journals Precipitation of Inorganic Salts in Mitochondrial Matrix

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Jerzy J. Jasielec ◽  
Robert Filipek ◽  
Krzysztof Dołowy ◽  
Andrzej Lewenstam
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Mitochondrial Matrix ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Carbonated Apatite ◽  
Constant Ph ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Magnesium Salts ◽  
Ph Buffer

In the mitochondrial matrix, there are insoluble, osmotically inactive complexes that maintain a constant pH and calcium concentration. In the present paper, we examine the properties of insoluble calcium and magnesium salts, such as phosphates, carbonates and polyphosphates, which might play this role. We find that non-stoichiometric, magnesium-rich carbonated apatite, with very low crystallinity, precipitates in the matrix under physiological conditions. Precipitated salt acts as pH buffer, and, hence, can contribute in maintaining ATP production in ischemic conditions, which delays irreversible damage to heart and brain cells after stroke.

scholarly journals Effective Casting Technique of Nano-Particles Alloyed Austenitic Stainless Steel

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1287
Author(s):  
Ana Kračun ◽  
Fevzi Kafexhiu ◽  
Franc Tehovnik ◽  
Bojan Podgornik
Keyword(s):  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Steel Matrix ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Dispersion Agent ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Reinforced Steel

In recent decades, considerable efforts have been made in the production of steel and the modification of its microstructure on the nano-scale in order to improve its mechanical properties. One possibility is through nano-particles incorporation and reinforcement. While typical production methods for Metal Matrix nano-Composites (MMnCs) are difficult and expensive, the main drawback of the casting method is the agglomeration of the nano-particles and a poor interface between the nano-particles and the metal matrix. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential of adding nano-particles as reinforcement elements through the conventional liquid-metal casting process. The investigation was focused on the various approaches to the modification and addition of nano-particles in the melt, as well as the influence of particle concentration and size on their homogeneity and distribution within the steel matrix. The results show that also in the case of the conventional casting process, it is possible to produce a reinforced steel-matrix nano-composite with a homogeneous distribution of the Al2O3 nano-particles in the matrix. However, in order to obtain a homogeneous distribution of nano-particles in the steel matrix, a dispersion agent is required.

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