Bradyrhizobium japonicum FN1 produces an inhibitory substance that affects competition for nodule occupancy

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
MacLean Glen Kohlmeier ◽  
Harry Yudistira ◽  
Amanat Ali ◽  
Ivan John Oresnik
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Indicator Strain ◽  
Bacteriocin Production ◽  
Nodule Occupancy ◽  
Inhibitory Substance ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Inhibitory Activities

Bacteriocins are narrow spectrum antibiotics of bacterial origin that can affect competition in resource-limited environments such as the rhizosphere. Therefore, bacteriocins may be good candidates for manipulation in order to generate more competitive inocula for soybean. In this study,<i> B. japonicum</i> FN1 along with other Bradyrhizobia in our culture collection were screened for bacteriocin-like activity. A total of five distinct inhibitory activities could be observed. FN1 genes putatively involved in bacteriocin production were computationally identified. These genes were mutagenized and the subsequent strains were screened for loss of inhibitory activity. Mutant strain BRJ-48, with an insert in<i> bjfn1_01204</i>, displayed a loss of the ability to inhibit an indicator strain. This loss could be complemented by the introduction of a plasmid expressing <i>bjfn1_01204 </i>in trans. The strain carrying the mutation did not affect competition in broth cultures, but was shown to be less competitive for nodule occupancy. Annotation suggests that <i>bjfn1_01204</i> encodes a carboxymuconolactone decarboxylase, however the direct contribution of how this enzyme contributes to inhibiting the tester strain remains unknown.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activities of Xuanwei ham before and after cooking and in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 180276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Wang ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Yingnan Li ◽  
Wenying Liu ◽  
Xiaoyun Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Angiotensin I ◽  
Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Ace Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
Ace Inhibitory ◽  
Significant Increment

Xuanwei ham is especially rich in a large amount of peptides and free amino acids under the action of protein degradation. Some of these peptides can potentially exert bioactivities of interest for human health. Traditionally, Xuanwei ham should undergo Chinese household cooking treatments before eating. However, it has not been known how its bioactivity changes after cooking and gastrointestinal digestion. Herein, Xuanwei ham is analysed before and after cooking, as well as gastrointestinal digestion being simulated so as to evaluate and compare its effect on antioxidant and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities. The antioxidant activity is analysed using five different methods, and results demonstrate that cooking has some negative effects on antioxidative capacity when determined using different antioxidant methods except for a significant increment in 1,1'-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity, while ACE inhibitory activity increases significantly after cooking compared with control samples. After gastrointestinal digestion of samples, there is a significant increment of the antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activities in comparison with control and cooked samples. Particularly, after gastrointestinal digestion, free thiols content and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical-cation-scavenging activity of Xuanwei ham, respectively, increase about twice and fourfold, while ACE inhibitory activity increases about twice compared to cooked samples, reaching the value of 83.73%. Therefore, through cooking the antioxidant activity and ACE inhibitory activity of Xuanwei ham are not completely lost and a part of them is still maintained, while gastrointestinal digestion produces a significant enhancement in both bioactivities, highlighting a greater potential for a beneficial physiological effect on human health after eating it.

scholarly journals Artemisinin-independent inhibitory activity of Artemisia sp. infusions against different Plasmodium stages including relapse-causing hypnozoites

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. e202101237
Author(s):  
Kutub Ashraf ◽  
Shahin Tajeri ◽  
Christophe-Sébastien Arnold ◽  
Nadia Amanzougaghene ◽  
Jean-François Franetich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Combination Therapies ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Inhibitory Activities

Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACT) are the frontline treatments against malaria worldwide. Recently the use of traditional infusions from Artemisia annua (from which artemisinin is obtained) or Artemisia afra (lacking artemisinin) has been controversially advocated. Such unregulated plant-based remedies are strongly discouraged as they might constitute sub-optimal therapies and promote drug resistance. Here, we conducted the first comparative study of the anti-malarial effects of both plant infusions in vitro against the asexual erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum and the pre-erythrocytic (i.e., liver) stages of various Plasmodium species. Low concentrations of either infusion accounted for significant inhibitory activities across every parasite species and stage studied. We show that these antiplasmodial effects were essentially artemisinin-independent and were additionally monitored by observations of the parasite apicoplast and mitochondrion. In particular, the infusions significantly incapacitated sporozoites, and for Plasmodium vivax and P. cynomolgi, disrupted the hypnozoites. This provides the first indication that compounds other than 8-aminoquinolines could be effective antimalarials against relapsing parasites. These observations advocate for further screening to uncover urgently needed novel antimalarial lead compounds.

scholarly journals (+)-Isoamericanol A: A Plant Growth Inhibitor From Heliotropium indicum

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1984578
Author(s):  
Sirinapa Chaipon ◽  
Sutjaritpan Boonmee ◽  
Arihiro Iwasaki ◽  
Kiyotake Suenaga ◽  
Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Substance ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Growth Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Plant Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Heliotropium Indicum ◽  
Allelopathic Substance

A plant growth inhibitory substance was isolated from Heliotropium indicum by bioassay-guided purification and characterized to be (+)-isoamericanol A. (+)-Isoamericanol A significantly inhibited seedling growth of cress at a concentration greater than 0.1 mM. The concentrations of (+)-isoamericanol A required for 50% growth inhibition of cress roots and hypocotyls were 0.5 and 0.4 mM, respectively. This inhibition indicates that (+)-isoamericanol A had a growth inhibitory activity and may contribute to the allelopathic effect of H. indicum. This report is the first on the plant growth inhibitory activity of (+)-isoamericanol A as an allelopathic substance.

GC-MS Investigation and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of Galanthus rizehensis

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 118-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buket Bozkurt Sarikaya ◽  
Nehir Unver Somer ◽  
Gulen Irem Kaya ◽  
Mustafa Ali Onur ◽  
Jaume Bastida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
Alkaloid Extracts ◽  
Potent Inhibitory Activity

GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) analyses of alkaloids in the aerial parts and bulbs of Galanthus rizehensis Stern (Amaryllidaceae), collected during two different vegetation periods, was performed. Twenty three alkaloids were identified in four different alkaloid extracts. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities of the alkaloid extracts were tested. Both the highest alkaloid diversity and the most potent inhibitory activity (IC50 12.94 μg/ml) were obtained in extracts from the bulbs of G. rizehensis collected during the fruiting period.

Competition for nodule occupancy of introduced Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains in a Wisconsin soil with a low indigenous bradyrhizobia population

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 839-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. McLoughlin ◽  
S. Hearn ◽  
S. G. Alt
Keyword(s):  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Nodule Occupancy ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
One Year ◽  
Successful Inoculation

The population dynamics of six introduced Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains were measured over three growing seasons in a Wisconsin soil with a low incidence of indigenous B. japonicum (10 cells/gm). Four antibiotic-resistant members of the 123 serocluster (which were either spectinomycin resistant or streptomycin resistant), USDA 110, and USDA 138 were inoculated using liquid inoculum, at a rate of 1 × 108 cells per 2.5-cm row, on two soybean cultivars in 1985. Nodule occupants were identified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), fluorescent antibodies, and antibiotic-resistant mutants. In the first growing season, 100% of the nodules were formed by the introduced strains. The nodules from the uninoculated plots were occupied by an indigenous 110 serogroup. In the second and the third season at the same site (without further inoculation), a high percentage (> 60%) of the nodules from all the plots were nodulated by the 123 serocluster (either alone or as mixed infections). However, < 25% of the nodules in the 123-inoculated plots and < 9% in the other plots were formed by any of the antibiotic-marked 123 inoculum strains introduced in 1985. The main conclusions are (i) that it is possible to successfully introduce inoculum strains in soils where the indigenous Bradyrhizobium population is low and to obtain 100% nodule occupancy in the first growing season, and (ii) that successful inoculation in one year in soils with a low incidence of Bradyrhizobium does not ensure that the introduced inoculum strains will form nodules in subsequent years. Key words: Bradyrhizobium japonicum, indigenous bradyrhizobia, interstrain competition, field trials.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Activities of Organic Extracts of Selected Sri Lankan Bryophytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Annalingam Kirisanth ◽  
M. N. M. Nafas ◽  
Ranga K. Dissanayake ◽  
Jayantha Wijayabandara
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Natural Product Research ◽  
Inhibitory Activities

Medicinal plants have been the main focus of natural product research. However, recent research has revealed that lower plants including bryophytes are also a major resource of biologically active compounds with novel structures. Sri Lanka is considered as a biodiversity hotspot with a higher degree of endemism flora including bryophytes. In this study, different species of bryophytes were investigated for their antimicrobial and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities. The air-dried plant materials of 6 different bryophyte species, Marchantia sp., Fissidens sp., Plagiochila sp., Sematophyllum demissum, Hypnum cupressiforme, and Calymperes motley, were subjected to sequential cold extraction with 3 different organic solvents. All three types of organic crude extracts were subjected to screening of antimicrobial bioassays using the disc-diffusion method against 3 bacterial strains and 1 fungal strain. According to the results obtained, 6 extracts out of 18 showed antibacterial activity for tested Gram-positive bacteria and 1 active against Gram-negative bacteria. Two extracts showed activity against the pathogenic fungus strain. Extracts from some plants were active against tested bacterial as well as fungal species. TLC-based bioautographic study was carried out to identify the corresponding active bands which is useful for active compound isolation. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate extracts were subjected to evaluate alpha-amylase inhibitory activity where three extracts out of six extracts showed moderate inhibitory activity for alpha-amylase with IC50 ranging 8–30%.

scholarly journals New Alkaloids and Anti-inflammatory Constituents from the Leaves of Antidesma ghaesembilla

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200
Author(s):  
Phan Van Kiem ◽  
Le Canh Viet Cuong ◽  
Do Thi Trang ◽  
Nguyen Xuan Nhiem ◽  
Hoang Le Tuan Anh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
No Production ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Raw 264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Bv2 Cells ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Using various chromatographic methods, two new alkaloids, antidesoic acids A (1) and B (2) along with fourteen known compounds (3-16) were isolated from the leaves of Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn. Their chemical structures were elucidated by physical and chemical methods. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity on LPS-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production in BV2 cells and RAW 264.7 macrophages. Bisflavone 8 significantly inhibited LPS-stimulated NO production in BV2 cells and RAW 264.7 macrophages with IC50 values of 5.4 and 8.0 μM, respectively. Compounds 1–3, 7, 10, 12, 14, and 16 showed moderate inhibitory activities with IC50 values ranging from 11.7 to 77.4 μM.

scholarly journals Angiopoietin-like protein 8 differentially regulates ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4 during postprandial partitioning of fatty acids

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1203-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Q. Chen ◽  
Thomas G. Pottanat ◽  
Robert W. Siegel ◽  
Mariam Ehsani ◽  
Yue-Wei Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Complex Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Inhibitory Activities

Angiopoietin-like protein (ANGPTL)8 has been implicated in metabolic syndrome and reported to regulate adipose FA uptake through unknown mechanisms. Here, we studied how complex formation of ANGPTL8 with ANGPTL3 or ANGPTL4 varies with feeding to regulate LPL. In human serum, ANGPTL3/8 and ANGPTL4/8 complexes both increased postprandially, correlated negatively with HDL, and correlated positively with all other metabolic syndrome markers. ANGPTL3/8 also correlated positively with LDL-C and blocked LPL-facilitated hepatocyte VLDL-C uptake. LPL-inhibitory activity of ANGPTL3/8 was >100-fold more potent than that of ANGPTL3, and LPL-inhibitory activity of ANGPTL4/8 was >100-fold less potent than that of ANGPTL4. Quantitative analyses of inhibitory activities and competition experiments among the complexes suggested a model in which localized ANGPTL4/8 blocks the LPL-inhibitory activity of both circulating ANGPTL3/8 and localized ANGPTL4, allowing lipid sequestration into fat rather than muscle during the fed state. Supporting this model, insulin increased ANGPTL3/8 secretion from hepatocytes and ANGPTL4/8 secretion from adipocytes. These results suggest that low ANGPTL8 levels during fasting enable ANGPTL4-mediated LPL inhibition in fat tissue to minimize adipose FA uptake. During feeding, increased ANGPTL8 increases ANGPTL3 inhibition of LPL in muscle via circulating ANGPTL3/8, while decreasing ANGPTL4 inhibition of LPL in adipose tissue through localized ANGPTL4/8, thereby increasing FA uptake into adipose tissue. Excessive caloric intake may shift this system toward the latter conditions, possibly predisposing to metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Evaluation of in vitro Anti-hyperglycemic Effect of Green Crab Hydrolysates Derived by Commercially Available Enzymes (P06-105-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bouhee Kang ◽  
Angela Myracle ◽  
Denise Skonberg
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Green Crab ◽  
Degree Of Hydrolysis ◽  
National Science Foundation Grant ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Inhibitory Activities

Abstract Objectives Invasive green crabs (Carcinus maenas) have become well established in the U.S. over the past 100 years. Despite containing nutritionally important proteins, unsaturated fatty acids, and minerals, green crabs are not consumed due to their small size. A variety of peptides derived from muscle foods are known to have health benefits, and we hypothesized that high quality green crab proteins and their derivatives might have potential as carbohydrase inhibitors. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to obtain anti-hyperglycemic peptides via enzymatic hydrolysis to develop commercial value of this unutilized crustacean. Methods Mechanically separated crab meat was homogenized with water (1:1), then hydrolyzed with 1% of Alcalase (AL, pH 8), Protamex (PR, pH 7), Flavourzyme (FL, pH 7), or Papain (PA, pH 6) for 60 min. Enzymes were thermally inactivated and then the hydrolysates were centrifuged to obtain the supernatant, then freeze-dried. Samples were processed in triplicate and then evaluated for degree of hydrolysis (DH) and α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities. Significant (p < 0.05) differences in DH and carbohydrase inhibitory activities among treatments were determined by one-way ANOVA. Results Crab mince treated with AL exhibited the highest DH (18.3%), followed by PR (17.1%), FL (16.5%), and PA (15.8%). The PR treatment showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 3.6 mg/mL) compared to other enzyme treatments (IC50 19.3–46.3 mg/mL) and the Control (IC50 22.3 mg/mL). The α-amylase inhibitory activity of PR (IC50 24.4 mg/mL) was lower than its α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. FL showed the highest α-amylase inhibitory activity (IC50 23.5 mg/mL) followed by PR, PA (IC50 34.8 mg/mL), AL (IC50 35.4 mg/mL), and Control (IC50 36.5 mg/mL) samples. Conclusions Our findings indicate that Protamex treatment has potential to derive carbohydrase inhibitory peptides from green crab and these peptides could be utilized as a health promoting ingredient in food products. In order to investigate changes in bioactivity due to human digestion, the hydrolysates will be utilized in a simulated digestion model and their bioactivity will be further evaluated. Funding Sources This study is supported by a National Science Foundation grant to Maine EPSCoR at the University of Maine.

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and neuroprotection in vitro, molecular docking, and improved learning and memory functions of demethylcurcumin in scopolamine-induced amnesia ICR mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 2328-2338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuh-Hwa Liu ◽  
Chia-Jung Lee ◽  
Liang-Chieh Chen ◽  
Tai-Lin Lee ◽  
Ying-Ying Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Memory Functions ◽  
Icr Mice ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
Improved Learning ◽  
Concept Validation

Demethylcurcumin (DC) interventions improved learning and memory functions in scopolamine-induced amnesia ICR mice, providing the proof-of-concept validation of AChE inhibitory activities in vitro and molecular docking with AChE in silico.

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