THE CROSS-VENTILATED TUNNEL SMOKEHOUSE

1946 ◽  
Vol 24f (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
E. P. Linton ◽  
A. L. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Steam Consumption ◽  
The Cross ◽  
One Year ◽  
Short Time

A tunnel smokehouse with an output of 3000 lb. of smoked fillets per nine hour day has been in operation about one year. The temperature, relative humidity, and smoke velocity are controlled at optimum values independent of climatic conditions. Hence the colour and shrinkage of the product may be standardized and losses from cooking and dropping of the fish avoided. The relatively short time of smoking of two to three hours reduces spoilage of the fish to a minimum with resulting improvement in quality. Power and steam consumption have been kept as low as feasible.

Relationship between the excretion of protostrongylid larvae in sheep in North-west Spain and climatic conditions

1994 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Díez-Baños ◽  
P. Morrondo-Pelayo ◽  
A. Feijoo-Penela ◽  
B. Carrillo-González ◽  
C. López-Sández
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
North West ◽  
One Year

AbstractThe relationship between different climatic factors (temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) and the pattern of lungworm larval excretion was studied in sheep under a continuous grazing pattern in North-west Spain, where the climate is intermediate between sub-humid Mediterranean with an Atlantic tendency and European Atlantic. Over a period of one year, 44 animals were sampled once a month at random from a flock of 80 Galician breed sheep, all over 4 years old. Faeces were taken directly from the rectum and the number of first stage larvae per gram of faeces was determined for each animal, and the species of Protostrongylidae (Nematoda) identified. Larval excretion was irregular during the study. The prevalence and intensity of infection were greater in the colder months (40.9%; x=12.3 ± 40.4) and less in the warmer months The species of Protostrongylidae identified and prevalences (%) were Neostrongylus linearis (71.5), Muellerius capillaris (18.8) and Cystocaulus ocreatus (9.7). Between November and March, with low temperatures, the prevalence and intensity of parasitism with N. linearis and M. capillaris were greater than in the months with high temperatures (May to September). Multiple linear regression analysis showed statistical correlation between temperature, relative humidity and rainfall considered together and the number of N. linearis larvae per gram of faeces. Linear regression showed a correlation between the temperature and the percentage of sheep that passed M. capillaris. In general, the prevalence and intensity of infection of the sheep with N. linearis, M. capillaris and C. ocreatus larvae decrease when the temperature increases and increase when the relative humidity and rainfall increases.

scholarly journals A Study on the Carbonation Rate of Concrete Exposed in Different Climatic Conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 128-136
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Carbonation Process ◽  
Carbonation Resistance ◽  
Proper Design ◽  
One Year

Recently, the degradation of concrete has become a serious problem worldwide and one of the principle factors of degradation is the carbonation process. It is well established that environmental conditions affect the carbonation progress of concrete among the most important factors that can greatly affect the carbonation resistance of concrete are relative humidity (RH) and temperature. Carbonation has become a threat to concrete structures, especially in urban and industrial areas. Thus, it is necessary to have a proper design to maintain the structure's stability against degradation caused by carbonation. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different environmental and climatic conditions on the carbonation rate of concrete. The specimens were prepared using OPC and fly ash (FA). After 28 days of air curing, specimens were exposed to different climate conditions under sheltered and un-sheltered conditions. The carbonation tests were conducted at the ages of 6 and 12 months. It was found that the carbonation rates were significantly influenced by the climate and environmental conditions; the specimens exposed to a relatively dry environment and low annual precipitations have shown higher carbonation during one-year exposure. Moreover, in unsheltered conditions, the annual precipitation significantly affects the carbonation rate of concrete. Furthermore, it was observed that a 20% replacement of FA does not enhance the carbonation resistance of concrete.

BIOASSAY TO DETERMINE CHERRY ROOTSTOCK TOLERANCE TO `BACTERIAL CANKER' CAUSED BY PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE PV SYRINGAE

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1354F-1355
Author(s):  
Elzbieta Krzesinska ◽  
Anita Nina Miller
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Avirulent Strain ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Callus Production ◽  
Root Stock ◽  
One Year

An excised twig assay was developed to evaluate cherry geno-types for their tolerance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. One-year-old wood was collected at monthly intervals from October until January of `Royal Ann', `Corum', and a number of cherry rootstock. The rootstock included; F/12–1 and Giessen (GI) and M × M selections. A 2-cm incision (“^”-shaped flap) was made on each twig. A 20-μl droplet of inoculum or water was placed onto each incision. The inoculum was prepared with one avirulent (K4) and three virulent strains (W4N54, AP2, B15) concentrations (105, 106, or 107 cfu). Inoculated twigs were placed in test tubes and incubated at 15C in high relative humidity for 3 weeks. After incubation, twigs were evaluated for gummosis production (0–3, 0 = no gummosis), incision browning (1–4, 1 = yellow pith), and callus production (0–1, 0 = no callus). The concentration of bacterial suspension had no effect on symptom development. No gummosis or browning was observed on twigs inoculated with water or the avirulent strain. Based on the gummosis and browning ratings, rootstock M × M 2, M × M 39, M × M 60, GI 148-1, GI 154-2, and GI 154-4 were found to be resistant to these three strains of P. syringae in this assay. Root-stock F 12-1, GI 169–15, GI 172–9, and GI 173-9 were found to be tolerant.

Effect of operational modes on the removal of a synthetic organic chemical by powdered activated carbon during ultrafiltration

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Y. Matsui ◽  
A. Yuasa ◽  
F. Colas
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Powdered Activated Carbon ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Filtration Cycle ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Synthetic Organic Chemical ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Operational Modes

The effects of operational modes on the removal of a synthetic organic chemical (SOC) in natural water by powdered activated carbon (PAC) during ultrafiltration (UF) were studied, through model simulations and experiments. The removal percentage of the trace SOC was independent of its influent concentration for a given PAC dose. The minimum PAC dosage required to achieve a desired effluent concentration could quickly be optimized from the C/C0 plot as a function of the PAC dosage. The cross-flow operation was not advantageous over the dead-end regarding the SOC removal. Added PAC was re-circulated as a suspension in the UF loop for only a short time even under the cross-flow velocity of gt; 1.0 m/s. The cross-flow condition did not contribute much to the suspending of PAC. The pulse PAC addition at the beginning of a filtration cycle resulted in somewhat better SOC removal than the continuous PAC addition. The increased NOM loading on PAC which was dosed in a pulse and stayed longer in the UF loop could possibly further decrease the adsorption rate.

scholarly journals Tracking the Evolution of Riverbed Morphology on the Basis of UAV Photogrammetry

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 829
Author(s):  
Teresa Gracchi ◽  
Guglielmo Rossi ◽  
Carlo Tacconi Stefanelli ◽  
Luca Tanteri ◽  
Rolando Pozzani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Fluvial Dynamics ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
One Year ◽  
Short Time

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry has recently become a widespread technique to investigate and monitor the evolution of different types of natural processes. Fluvial geomorphology is one of such fields of application where UAV potentially assumes a key role, since it allows for overcoming the intrinsic limits of satellite and airborne-based optical imagery on one side, and in situ traditional investigations on the other. The main purpose of this paper was to obtain extensive products (digital terrain models (DTMs), orthophotos, and 3D models) in a short time, with low costs and at a high resolution, in order to verify the capability of this technique to analyze the active geomorphic processes on a 12 km long stretch of the French–Italian Roia River at both large and small scales. Two surveys, one year apart from each other, were carried out over the study area and a change detection analysis was performed on the basis of the comparison of the obtained DTMs to point out and characterize both the possible morphologic variations related to fluvial dynamics and modifications in vegetation coverage. The results highlight how the understanding of different fluvial processes may be improved by appropriately exploiting UAV-based products, which can thus represent a low-cost and non-invasive tool to crucially support decisionmakers involved in land management practices.

Applications of a novel detector for pencil beam scanning proton therapy beam quality assurance

2021 ◽  
pp. 2140041
Author(s):  
Pei-Ying Yang ◽  
Yang-Wei Hsieh ◽  
Chen-Lin Kang ◽  
Chin-Dar Tseng ◽  
Chih-Hsueh Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Proton Therapy ◽  
Beam Quality ◽  
Beam Width ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
Spot Size ◽  
Pencil Beam ◽  
Beam Position ◽  
The Cross ◽  
One Year

This study utilized a new type of detector, the CROSS II (Liverage Biomedical Inc., Taiwan), to perform a beam quality assurance (QA) procedure on a Sumitomo (Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Inc., Japan) pencil beam linear scanning proton therapy machine. The Cross II can monitor proton Pristine Bragg peak range, beam width, beam size, beam position, and scanning speed. All the data presented here were collected during a time span of over one year. The accuracy of the QA program could be verified if all the QA items were tested stably and within the programmed tolerances. Our results showed that the proton range remained within the [Formula: see text] mm tolerance, with the majority of measurements within [Formula: see text] mm, [Formula: see text] mm for spot size, 1.5 mm for spot position, and [Formula: see text]% for scanning speed. We found that the CROSS II detector is in high precise and steady state with highly efficient. Our proton therapy system was also proven to be in an accurate and reliable condition according to our QA results.

scholarly journals Environmental effectiveness of the cross compliance standard 4.6 ‘Minimum livestock stocking rates and/or appropriate regimens’

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Sepe ◽  
Mauro Salis ◽  
Rosa Francaviglia ◽  
Marco Fedrizzi ◽  
Antonio Melchiorre Carroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Environmental Effectiveness ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Cross Compliance

The paper presents the main results of the monitoring on the effectiveness of the cross compliance standard 4.6 ‘Minimum livestock stocking rates and/or appropriate regimes’ carried out in two case studies within the project MO.NA.CO: sheep grazing in medium-rich pastures in southern Apennines and in the plain of Sardinia, Italy. The monitoring involved aspects related to soil, flora, livestock and economics (competitiveness differential). The study showed, although in the short term, that the minimum stocking rate 0.2 LU/ha/year was not effective and, conversely, the effectiveness of the maximum level of stocking rate (4 LU/ha) for the maintenance of the habitat. The generalization in applying minimum and maximum rate, not taking into account the climatic conditions, forage resources or farming system (including the species of grazing animal) may lead to a serious nullification of the conditions of the Standard. The authors recommend to identify homogeneous areas and eligible specific stocking rates from all Italian regions, also considering the animal species.

scholarly journals The effect of cooling irrigation on the blooming dynamic of plum

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lakatos ◽  
I. Gonda ◽  
M. Soltész ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
J. Nyéki
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Relative Effect ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
Logistic Curve ◽  
Treated Plot

The objective of the present study is to explore the effect of cooling irrigation (aspersion) on the beginning of bloom and on the micro-climate of the plantation. The results show that the water sprayed in the orchard by micro-jet influenced decisively the temperature of the plantation. At higher temperatures (around 20 °C), the drop of temperature may attain 5–7 °C. A low relative humidity of the air may increase the relative effect, The frequent repetition (20 minute intervals) may keep the temperature low also in the buds. The beginning of bloom may delayed for more than ten days. The dynamics of blooming was characterised by a logistic curve in the treated as well as in the control plot. In the treated plot, the curve was steeper than in the control in spite of equal temperatures measured in the plots. Under our (Hungarian) climatic conditions, the method is successfully used to delay blooming dates. The main result is the diminution of the frost damage in the spring and the security of yield. The costs and water requirement should be calculated later.

scholarly journals PERAMALAN HARGA TERNAK SAPI BERDASARKAN INDEKS PERUBAHAN HARGA

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Sasongko W Rusdianto
Keyword(s):  
Price Level ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Future Price ◽  
Average Price ◽  
Price Changes ◽  
Forecasting Method ◽  
One Year ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Production Decision

Cattle prices in Nusa Tenggara Barat tend to change in short time. It is difficult for farmers to predict price in the future. Price changes could affect farmers income. Therefore we need a method by which farmers could predict the price in order to make production decision. The purpose of this study was to predict of price based on the average price level for one year. This study used secondary data of cattle prices monthly, patterns of changes measured by index, then performed statistical analysis. The results of this study shows that the forecasting method used is only relevant to the pattern of price changes with a relatively similar pattern in a specified period. Price changes caused by external factors will have different pattern and causes greater deviation, so it can not be used to predict the price of cattles in NTB.

scholarly journals Improving the economic efficiency of oil productionat the “Gazpromneft-Khantos” fields

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Rustam N. Asmandiyarov ◽  
Stanislav Yu. Barkalov ◽  
Rail R. Galeev ◽  
Rustam R. Gumerov ◽  
Yuri A. Katkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Project Teams ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Technical And Economic Analysis ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Functional Teams ◽  
Short Time

Aim. As part of a large-scale business transformation, Gazprom Neft is implementing new approaches to improving economic efficiency. One of such approaches is the launch of the “Renovation” project program, the purpose of which is to achieve maximum profitability of the basic well stock. The article describes the results of the study and formation of a set of measures to improve the economic efficiency of oil production at the fields of Gazpromneft-Khantos. Materials and methods. The key feature of “Renovation” is that the goal setting and the formation of key performance indicators of project teams are made not from the previously achieved result, but from the potential. To do this, a detailed technical and economic analysis of the factors affecting the profitability of oil production is first carried out, and the potential for increasing profitability is determined. After that, hypotheses are worked out to increase the economic efficiency of production and a set of measures is formed to realize the identified potential. The cross-functional teams of the “Renovation” program projects are formed around the core-team that includes specialists in geology, development, production, engineering, energy management, economics and IT. This allows teams to solve non-standard tasks in a short time, in a complex way, without attracting external leverage, which is an absolute competitive advantage. Results. The program of optimization measures developed by the cross-functional team of the Renovation project will provide the potential for the growth of the profitability of Gazpromneft-Khantos in the period from 2021 to 2030. Conclusions. The article presents the developed and implemented cases on reducing operating costs in various areas — geology and reservoir engineering, energy efficiency, oil production technologies, downhole operations and hydraulic fracturing, oilfield chemistry.

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