Thermoluminescence dating tests for lacustrine, glaciomarine, and floodplain sediments from western Washington and British Columbia

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1815-1828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn W. Berger ◽  
Don J. Easterbrook
Keyword(s):  
Flood Plain ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Tl Dating ◽  
Sediment Types ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Drift Sample ◽  
Floodplain Deposits ◽  
Floodplain Sediments

To help further develop reliable procedures for accurate thermoluminescence (TL) dating of Quaternary waterlaid sediments, we tested TL dating procedures on sediment types rarely examined: six glaciolacustrine samples, three samples of glaciomarine drift, and eight samples of floodplain deposits. We used the partial-bleach (R-beta/gamma) technique applied to fine-silt polymineral grains. Results from our younger known-age glaciolacustrine sediments confirm earlier observations that only the clayey laminae are generally suitable for TL dating. A clayey lamina older than ca. 140 – 150 ka produced no age underestimation, and this result (ca. 300 ka) suggests that such older lake sediments are probably suitable for TL dating. Two proximal samples of glaciomarine drift produced large TL age overestimates, whereas the single distal glaciomarine-drift sample yielded an expected age (177 ± 38 ka), suggesting that follow-up studies are warranted. Our results for eight flood-plain samples confirm that zeroing of light-sensitive TL is more likely to be effective for sediments deposited in quiet, ponded water on the floodplain than for proximal sediments deposited from turbid floodwater. TL age estimates for floodplain sediments of the regional Whidbey Formation are consistent with its expected last-interglacial age, and those for two samples from stratigraphically older beds are consistent with deposition near or beyond 200 ka. Two of our younger samples (one lacustrine and one floodplain) gave TL age underestimates, perhaps because of use of ultraviolet TL emissions for these samples.

scholarly journals Biosystematic Study on Some Egyptian Species of Astragalus L. (Fabaceae)

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Monier M. Abd El-Ghani ◽  
Ashraf S. A. El-Sayed ◽  
Ahmed Moubarak ◽  
Rabab Rashad ◽  
Hala Nosier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Region 10 ◽  
Unique Banding Pattern

Astragalus L. is one of the largest angiosperm complex genera that belongs to the family Fabaceae, subfamily Papilionoideae or Faboideae under the subtribe Astragalinae of the tribe Galegeae. The current study includes the whole plant morphology, DNA barcode (ITS2), and molecular marker (SCoT). Ten taxa representing four species of Astragalus were collected from different localities in Egypt during the period from February 2018 to May 2019. Morphologically, identification and classification of collected Astragalus plants occurred by utilizing the light microscope, regarding the taxonomic revisions of the reference collected Astragalus specimens in other Egyptian Herbaria. For molecular validation, ten SCoT primers were used in this study, producing a unique banding pattern to differentiate between ten samples of Astragalus taxa which generated 212 DNA fragments with an average of 12.2 bands per 10 Astragalus samples, with 8 to 37 fragments per primer. The 212 fragments amplified were distributed as 2 monomorphic bands, 27 polymorphic without unique bands, 183 unique bands (210 Polymorphic with unique bands), and ITS2 gene sequence was showed as the optimal barcode for identifying Astragalus L. using BLAST searched on NCBI database, and afterward, analyzing the chromatogram for ITS region, 10 samples have been identified as two samples representing A. hauarensis, four samples representing A. sieberi, three samples representing A. spinosus and one sample representing A. vogelii. Based on the ITS barcode, A. hauarensis RMG1, A. hauarensis RMG2, A. sieberi RMG1, A. sieberi RMG2, A. sieberi RMG3, A. sieberi RMG4, A. spinosus RMG1, A. spinosus RMG2, A. spinosus RMG3, A. vogelii RMG were deposited into GenBank with accession # MT367587.1, MT367591.1, MT367593.1, MT367585.1, MT367586.1, MT367588.1, MT160347.1, MT367590.1, MT367589.1, MT367592.1, respectively. These results indicated the efficiency of SCoT markers and ITS2 region in identifying and determining genetic relationships between Astragalus species.

scholarly journals A Comparison of the Composition of Selected Commercial Sandalwood Oils with the International Standard

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2249
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Kucharska ◽  
Barbara Frydrych ◽  
Wiktor Wesolowski ◽  
Jadwiga A. Szymanska ◽  
Anna Kilanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Benzyl Benzoate ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Correct Information ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
High Street ◽  
Chromatographic Profile ◽  
Sandalwood Oil

Sandalwood oils are highly desired but expensive, and hence many counterfeit oils are sold in high street shops. The study aimed to determine the content of oils sold under the name sandalwood oil and then compare their chromatographic profile and α- and β santalol content with the requirements of ISO 3518:2002. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis found that none of the six tested “sandalwood” oils met the ISO standard, especially in terms of α-santalol content. Only one sample was found to contain both α- and β-santalol, characteristic of Santalum album. In three samples, valerianol, elemol, eudesmol isomers, and caryophyllene dominated, indicating the presence of Amyris balsamifera oil. Another two oil samples were found to be synthetic mixtures: benzyl benzoate predominating in one, and synthetic alcohols, such as javanol, polysantol and ebanol, in the other. The product label only gave correct information in three cases: one sample containing Santalum album oil and two samples containing Amyris balsamifera oil. The synthetic samples described as 100% natural essential oil from sandalwood are particularly dangerous and misleading to the consumer. Moreover, the toxicological properties of javanol, polysantol and ebanol, for example, are unknown.

scholarly journals Serially measured cytokines and cytokine receptors in relation to clinical outcome in patients with stable heart failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Bouwens ◽  
A Schuurman ◽  
K.M Akkerhuis ◽  
S.J Baart ◽  
K Caliskan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Primary Endpoint ◽  
Nyha Class ◽  
Cytokine Receptors ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Two Samples

Abstract Background Activation of the inflammatory response in heart failure (HF) may initially serve as a compensatory mechanism. However, on the longer term, this physiological phenomenon can become disadvantageous. Temporal patterns of inflammatory proteins other than CRP have not yet been investigated in patients with stable HF. Purpose We aimed to evaluate the association of 17 serially measured cytokines and cytokine receptors with clinical outcome in patients with stable heart failure. Methods In 263 patients, 1984 serial, tri-monthly blood samples were collected during a median follow-up of 2.2 (IQR: 1.4–2.5) years. The primary endpoint (PE) composed of cardiovascular mortality, HF-hospitalization, heart transplantation, and LVAD. We selected baseline blood samples in all patients, as well as the two samples closest to the primary endpoint, and the last sample available in event-free patients. Thus, in 567 samples we measured 17 cytokines and cytokine receptors using the Olink Proteomics Cardiovascular III multiplex assay. Associations between biomarkers and PE were investigated by joint modelling. Results Median age was 68 (IQR: 59–76) years, with 72% men, 74% NYHA class I-II and a median ejection fraction of 30% (23–38%). 70 patients reached a PE. After adjustment for clinical characteristics (age, sex, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, NYHA class at baseline, diuretics and systolic blood pressure), 7 biomarkers were associated with the PE (Figure). Interleukin-1 receptor type 1 (IL1RT1) showed the strongest association: HR 2.65 [95% CI: 1.78–4.21]) per standard deviation change in level (NPX) at any point in time during follow-up, followed by Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNF-R1): 2.25 [1.66–3.08], and C-X-C motif chemokine 16 (CXCL16): 2.18 [1.59–3.04]. After adjustment for baseline N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide, high-sensitive troponin T and C-reactive protein however, only IL1RT1 and TNF-R1 remained significantly associated with the PE. Conclusion Repeatedly measured levels of several cytokines and cytokine receptors are independently associated with clinical outcome in stable HF patients. These results suggest that repeated measurements of these biomarkers, in addition to established cardiac biomarkers, may contribute to personalized risk assessment and herewith better identify high-risk patients. Figure 1. Associations between levels of cytokines and cytokine receptors and the primary endpoint. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Other. Main funding source(s): This work was supported by the Jaap Schouten Foundation and the Noordwest Academie.

scholarly journals Diverse floodplain deposits of reworked loess in a monsoon climate (Hanzhong Basin, central China)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Jef Vandenberghe ◽  
Xun Yang ◽  
Xianyan Wang ◽  
Shejiang Wang ◽  
Huayu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Formation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Central China ◽  
Energy Conditions ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Sedimentary Sequences ◽  
Varied Intensity ◽  
Floodplain Deposits ◽  
Flooding Events ◽  
Floodplain Sediments

Abstract This paper describes an assemblage of diverse floodplain facies of reworked loess (facies b, c) in a Middle Pleistocene monsoonal setting of the Hanzhong Basin, central China. The vertical and lateral sedimentary sequences show changing energy conditions. Apart from the highest energy in the channel facies (facies a), a relatively high energy floodplain environment (facies b) prevailed in waterlogged conditions, with small, laterally migrating (sub)channels. Facies b generally interfingers with aggrading horizontal sheets of overbank deposits in alluvial pools and swamps in a floodplain with much lower energy (facies c), in which phases of stability (soil formation) occasionally interrupted overbank deposition. Reworked loess forms the main part of the floodplain deposits. The paleosols are considered to have been formed under low hydrodynamic conditions in an interglacial environment. These interglacial conditions follow the commonly assumed glacial conditions of channel facies a. The sedimentary successions in the floodplain show a recurrent composition and cyclicity between wet and dry floodplain sedimentation terminated by stability with soil formation. The cyclic rhythm of stacked high- and low-energy floodplain sediments is attributed to varied intensity of different hydrodynamic flooding events that may have been due to changing monsoonal rainfall or simple intrinsic fluvial behavior.

Magnetic study of Fe3O4/Ag nanoparticles

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 10402
Author(s):  
Janusz Typek ◽  
Nikos Guskos ◽  
Grzegorz Zolnierkiewicz ◽  
Zofia Lendzion-Bielun ◽  
Anna Pachla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Blocking Temperature ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Magnetic Clusters ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Technique ◽  
Silver Nps ◽  
Multi Mode

Nanocomposites of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) impregnated with silver NPs display antibacterial properties and may be used in water treatment as disinfection agent. Three samples were synthesized: Fe3O4 NPs obtained by the precipitation method and additionally two samples with added silver NPs with mass ratio of Ag:Fe3O4 equal to 1:100 and 2:100. Magnetic properties of these samples were studied by SQUID magnetometry (in temperature range 2–300 K and magnetic fields up to 70 kG) and magnetic resonance technique at RT. Temperature dependence of dc susceptibility revealed the blocking temperature close to RT in all three samples and allowed to determine the presence of single or multi-mode distribution of NP sizes in a particular sample. Isothermal magnetisation measurements showed that the presence of silver NPs, especially those with smaller sizes, decreases the saturation magnetisation. The shape of ferromagnetic loop registered at T = 2 K was used to discuss the sizes of NP magnetic clusters in our samples. Conclusions obtained from analysis of the ferromagnetic resonance spectra were consistent with the propositions based on the magnetometric studies.

scholarly journals The Use of Heap Bioleaching as a Pre-Treatment for Platinum Group Metal Leaching

2017 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 151-154
Author(s):  
James M. Mwase ◽  
Jochen Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Platinum Group Metal ◽  
Metal Leaching ◽  
Flotation Concentrate ◽  
Group Metal ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Heap Bioleaching ◽  
Mineral Recovery ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pre Treatment

Two samples, a Platreef flotation concentrate and coarse ore (<6 mm), were column bioleached at 65°C using a culture dominated by Metallosphaera hakonensis. Based on solution assays, extractions in excess of 90% Cu and Ni were achieved from the flotation concentrate, while from the coarse ore 96% Cu and 67% Ni extractions were achieved. The difference in extraction levels and leaching patterns despite identical conditions used for both samples is discussed, as is the performance of the samples during a follow-up leach step using cyanide to extract the PGMs in a separate column leach experiment. While the recovery of Pd and Au was excellent during these steps, recovery of Pt was limited to 35% after 45 days for the concentrate and 56% after 60 days for the whole ore material, primarily due to the presence of a refractory Pt mineral. Recovery from a concentrate without pre-treatment was substantially lower.

scholarly journals Zika Virus Serologic Diagnosis by NS1 ELISA in Curacao

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S302-S303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Manuel ◽  
Liane Virginia-Cova ◽  
Loubiela Joseph ◽  
Chris Roggeveen ◽  
Radjin Steingrover
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Pregnant Female ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Igm Elisa ◽  
Pcr Diagnosis ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Negative Controls

Abstract Background Zika virus (ZIKV) was introduced in the Caribbean island of Curacao in January 2016. A commercially available ZIKV IgM and IgG ELISA was evaluated on patients that were PCR-positive for ZIKV. Methods ZIKV infection was established by PCR in urine samples. Samples from PCR-positive patients were selected for validation of a ZIKV NS1 IgG and IgM ELISA. Patients with a follow-up sample ≥ 2 weeks after initial presentation were used to assess the sensitivity of the assay. Samples of 15 historical controls with serological evidence of Dengue, Chikungunya or an unrelated viral infection were included to establish specificity and cross-reactivity. Results Fourteen patients with positive ZIKV PCR diagnosis had repeated serum samples drawn ≥ 2 weeks after the initial sample. The combined results of these repeated IgM and IgG tests resulted in a sensitivity of 92%. One pregnant female showed no presence of IgG or IgM in any of the two samples. Testing of the panel of historical ZIKV-negative controls resulted in a specificity of 100% in both the quantitative and semi-quantitative setting of the ELISA. One patient with known high-titers of antibodies against Chikungunya virus in the respective panel displayed borderline reactive results for ZIKV IgG in both quantitative and semi-quantitative setting of the assay. Conclusion In this PCR-positive ZIKV cohort of patients, the newly available ZIKV NS1 ELISA displayed excellent performance characteristics. Cross-reactivity was indicated for Chikungunya in one case. No cross-reactivity was found for Dengue virus infection. One pregnant female showed no signs of developing anti-ZIKV IgM or IgG in this study. In the light of intrauterine pathogenesis, the lack of development of maternal IgG during ZIKV infection is a concern. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Tuberculous lesions in pig lymph nodes caused by kaolin fed as a supplement

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 379-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Matlova ◽  
L. Dvorska ◽  
M. Bartos ◽  
J. Docekal ◽  
M. Trckova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Slaughtered Pigs

An increased incidence of tuberculous lesions in head and mesenteric lymph nodes from slaughtered pigs weighing about 115 kg was recorded in a herd of pigs kept in two farms A and B in the CzechRepublic. Tuberculous lesions were more frequently (P &lt; 0.01) diagnosed in pigs from Farm A (10.4%) than from Farm B (1.1%). The follow-up investigation of potential sources of infection on Farm A revealed that the piglets were fed kaolin from a nearby mine as a supplement. Among 20 samples from the pigs&rsquo; environment, atypical conditionally pathogenic mycobacteria (ACPM) were detected in four samples as follows: dust (n = 2), pig faeces (n = 1) and kaolin fed as a supplement (n = 1). Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis of genotype IS901&ndash; and IS1245+ and serotype 8 was isolated from kaolin and pig lymph nodes, M. fortuitum from stable dust and pig faeces and other ACPM from stable dust. When kaolin feeding to piglets ceased, the incidence of tuberculous lesions in these pigs at slaughter 5&ndash;6 months later decreased from 16.1% to 3.4%. No ACPM was detected on Farm B in 27 samples from the environment. An investigation of surface kaolin mines did not detect mycobacteria in non-extracted kaolin. However, surface water (three isolates among 13 samples) from the pond used for kaolin levigation and 23 batches of the final product of kaolin (10 samples from each batch, i.e. a total of 230 samples were examined) were contaminated with ACPM. Among the latter, ACPM were isolated from three samples originating from three different batches. ACPM were likely to survive during transport of the kaolin, as a suspension through the pipeline, and during its further processing to the final product (sedimentation, addition of colloid substances, drying and other procedures).

scholarly journals The Effect of Weathering on Salt Release from Coal Mine Spoils

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 760
Author(s):  
Melinda Hilton ◽  
Mandana Shaygan ◽  
Neil McIntyre ◽  
Thomas Baumgartl ◽  
Mansour Edraki
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Physical Weathering ◽  
Particle Size Fractions ◽  
Mine Spoils ◽  
Weathering Processes ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Coal mine spoils have the potential to create environmental impacts, such as salt load to surrounding environments, particularly when exposed to weathering processes. This study was conducted to understand the effect of physical and chemical weathering on the magnitude, rate, and dynamics of salt release from different coal mine spoils. Five spoil samples from three mines in Queensland were sieved to three different particle size fractions (<2 mm, 2–6 mm, and >6 mm). Two samples were dispersive spoils, and three samples were nondispersive spoils. The spoils were subjected to seven wet–dry cycles, where the samples were periodically leached with deionised water. The rate, magnitude, and dynamics of solutes released from spoils were spoil specific. One set of spoils did not show any evidence of weathering, but initially had higher accumulation of salts. In contrast, broad oxidative weathering occurred in another set of spoils; this led to acid generation and resulted in physical weathering, promoting adsorption–desorption and dissolution and, thus, a greater release of salts. This study indicated that the rate and magnitude of salt release decreased with increasing particle size. Nevertheless, when the spoil is dispersive, the degree of weathering manages salt release irrespective of initial particle size. This study revealed that the long-term salt release from spoils is not only governed by geochemistry, weathering degree, and particle size but also controlled by the water/rock ratio and hydrological conditions of spoils.

scholarly journals A Study of the Micropore Structure of Carbonized Rayon Yarn by Nitrogen Adsorption and Nonane Pre-Adsorption

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Bohra ◽  
K. S. W. Sing
Keyword(s):  
External Surface ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Micropore Structure ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Gain Access

Adsorption isotherms of nitrogen have been determined at 77 K on three samples of carbonized rayon yarn, both before and after the pre-adsorption of n-nonane. In their original state the three samples were all highly microporous. Application of the αs-method of isotherm analysis reveals that their micropore volumes were 0·17–0·19 cm3g−1 and their external surface areas 20–27 m2g−1 (the corresponding BET areas being 427–483 m2g−1). Nonane pre-adsorption resulted in blockage of the entire micropore structure only in the case of one sample: micropore volumes ∼0·1 cm3g−1 were still available for nitrogen adsorption in the other two samples. It appears that nitrogen molecules were able to gain access to some parts of these micropore structures through wider pore entrances which were not completely blocked by the pre-adsorbed nonane. The work has shown that the nonane pre-adsorption method requires further investigation before it can be used with confidence for the assessment of microporosity.

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