Growth Rates and Nitrogen and Carbohydrate Contents of Juvenile Clams, Saxidomus giganteus, Fed Three Species of Algae

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1825-1830 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Walne
Keyword(s):  
Isochrysis Galbana ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Tetraselmis Chui ◽  
Saxidomus Giganteus

Estimates were made of the increase in live and dry weights and in the content of ash, organic matter, carbohydrate (as glucose), and nitrogen when juveniles of the clam Saxidomus giganteus were fed for 21 days at various concentrations of Tetraselmis chui, Isochrysis galbana, and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The condition index (organic weight as a percent of total dry weight) increased in all the experimental conditions with a mixture of I. galbana and T. chui, yielding a significantly higher index than either species on its own. The relative gain in glucose was greater than the increase in live weight or in nitrogen. The increase in live weight was such that the nigrogen content was approximately constant at 6–7 μgN/mg live weight irrespective of the feeding conditions. The N:glucose ratio decreased with increasing concentrations of I. galbana and P. tricornutum, and at the higher concentrations, where the maximum growth rate of clams occurred, the ratios were lower than in any of the clams fed on T. chui.

scholarly journals Effect of Salinity Difference on Lipid Content from Chaetoceros muelleri on Continuous Reactors

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Arif Rahmadi ◽  
Yeni Mulyani ◽  
Muhammad Wahyudin Lewaru
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Chaetoceros Muelleri ◽  
Marine Microbiology ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Salinity Difference

Chaetoceros muelleri is a microalgae class of Bacillariophyta (diatom) which is generally only used as feeds for fishes and shellfish larvae. Nevertheless, the biochemical content of this species is quite high and has the potential to be developed. This research aims to explain the effect of different salinity on the growth and lipid content of Chaetoceros muelleri cultured in a continuous photobioreactor. This research was carried out in August 2018 - February 2019. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Marine Microbiology and the Laboratory of Bioprocess and Bioprospection of Natural Materials, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University. The samples of Chaetoceros muelleri isolates were obtained from the Jepara Brackish Water Aquaculture Center. The methods used for the study was a ‘Completely Randomized Design’ (CRD) with four treatments. The salinity used is 15, 25, 35 and 45 ppt. The main parameters observed were growth and lipid content, while the supporting parameters were temperature, and pH. The results of this study showed that the highest lipid content was a salinity treatment of 35 ppt with a value of 25.37% of total dry weight obtained at the end of the culture. Based on growth, the highest density occurred in 25 ppt salinity with a maximum density of 3.80 ± 0.49 x 106 cells. ml-1 and maximum growth rate of 0.36 ± 0.008 div. day-1

A note on growth curves of rabbit lines selected on growth rate or litter size

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Blasco ◽  
E. Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Adult Weight ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Using Data

Two synthetic lines of rabbits were used in the experiment. Line V, selected on litter size, and line R, selected on growth rate. Ninety-six animals were randomly collected from 48 litters, taking a male and a female each time. Richards and Gompertz growth curves were fitted. Sexual dimorphism appeared in the line V but not in the R. Values for b and k were similar in all curves. Maximum growth rate took place in weeks 7 to 8. A break due to weaning could be observed in weeks 4 to 5. Although there is a remarkable similarity of the values of all the parameters using data from the first 20 weeks only, the higher standard errors on adult weight would make 30 weeks the preferable time to take data for live-weight growth curves.

Field Determination of the Critical Nutrient Concentrations for Cladophora in Streams

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Wong ◽  
B. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
P Content ◽  
Waste Load ◽  
Total P

Many streams in southern Ontario experience excessive seasonal growth of aquatic plants such as Cladophora and Potamogeton. A direct relation, with a regression coefficient of 0.87, was observed between ambient P concentration in the water and P content of plant tissue in six rivers. Critical or growth controlling total P concentration of 60 μg/liter in stream water and 1.6 mg/gram dry weight in plant tissue were determined. Unlike P, no significant correlation was observed between N content of plant tissue and N concentration in water. The correlation of total P with plant growth can be used to estimate the waste load which would result in maximum growth rate of Cladophora.

scholarly journals Effects of index selection on the carcass composition of sheep given eitherad libitumor controlled amounts of food

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Lewis ◽  
G. C. Emmans ◽  
G. Simm
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Growth Function ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
A Value ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

AbstractSheep of a line (S) selected on an index to increase lean weight and decrease fatness at an age, and a control line (C), were given a high quality food at different levels including ad libitum. Live performance was measured from about 21 to 114 kg live weight. The carcasses of each line were analysed for lean, fat and bone at three widely varying weights in both males and females. Level of feeding did not affect the extent to which S was superior to C in either the level of fatness in the carcass (0·86 as much) or the ratio of lean to fat (1·28 as much). The lean to bone ratio was slightly greater in S (1·028 of the value of C; P 0·05) and was higher on the lowest level of feeding compared with the two higher levels used (P 0·05 in one experiment on females and P 0·001 in another on males). On ad libitum feeding the S line grew 1·19 times as fast and was 1·17 times as efficient compared with C. These advantages to S decreased as level of feeding decreased to become virtually zero at the lowest level of feeding used, which allowed C to grow at only 0·53 of the rate seen on ad libitum feeding. On ad libitum feeding growth was well described by a Gompertz growth function of the form W = (Z/B) exp(-exp (G0 –B t)). The maximum growth rate is (Z/e). Line S had a value of Z that was 1·10 that of C averaged across the two sexes. A Spillman function W = W0 + (A-W0) (1-exp (-k F)) was used to describe weight, W, in terms of cumulative intake, F. It worked well for ad libitum feeding and for the two restricted regimes used. The value of the combined parameter (A k) varied across treatments in the same way as efficiency did.

scholarly journals Establishment of Oxidative d-Xylose Metabolism in Pseudomonas putida S12

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 2784-2791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Paul Meijnen ◽  
Johannes H. de Winde ◽  
Harald J. Ruijssenaars
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Caulobacter Crescentus ◽  
Glucose Dehydrogenase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Xylose Utilization ◽  
Catabolic Pathway ◽  
Xylose Metabolism ◽  
Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase

ABSTRACT The oxidative d-xylose catabolic pathway of Caulobacter crescentus, encoded by the xylXABCD operon, was expressed in the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas putida S12. This engineered transformant strain was able to grow on d-xylose as a sole carbon source with a biomass yield of 53% (based on g [dry weight] g d-xylose−1) and a maximum growth rate of 0.21 h−1. Remarkably, most of the genes of the xylXABCD operon appeared to be dispensable for growth on d-xylose. Only the xylD gene, encoding d-xylonate dehydratase, proved to be essential for establishing an oxidative d-xylose catabolic pathway in P. putida S12. The growth performance on d-xylose was, however, greatly improved by coexpression of xylXA, encoding 2-keto-3-deoxy-d-xylonate dehydratase and α-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase, respectively. The endogenous periplasmic glucose dehydrogenase (Gcd) of P. putida S12 was found to play a key role in efficient oxidative d-xylose utilization. Gcd activity not only contributes to d-xylose oxidation but also prevents the intracellular accumulation of toxic catabolic intermediates which delays or even eliminates growth on d-xylose.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Marine Synechococcus for an Algal Biorefinery in Arid Regions

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Bochenski ◽  
Tanmay Chaturvedi ◽  
Mette Hedegaard Thomsen ◽  
Jens Ejbye Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Cell Disruption ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Wide Range

Implementing microalgae biorefinery in arid environments requires utilization of strains that can grow at high temperatures (above 28 °C) and salinity levels (above 30 ppt). In this study, we investigate the newly isolated seawater strain, Synechococcus, native to the United Arab Emirates, and evaluate its value as a perspective organism for cultivation (for fuel and bio-products) in regions with freshwater scarcity. The strain displayed tolerance to a wide range of temperature (22–37 °C) and salinity (20–41 ppt), with maximum biomass concentration of 0.72 g L−1 and a maximum growth rate of 82 mg L−1 d−1 at 25 °C and 33 ppt salinity. Lipids accumulation reached up to 26% of dry weight in nitrogen-depleted conditions (with 1.8 mM of nitrates addition to the media), whereas protein content exceeded 50% dry weight. In this study, harvesting is investigated using three chemical agents: Ferric chloride, sodium hydroxide, and chitosan. Cell disruption is analyzed for four distinct treatments: Enzymatic, alkaline, ultrasonic, and hydrothermal. Among tested methods, flocculation with sodium hydroxide and ultrasonication were found to be the most efficient techniques for harvesting and cell disruption, respectively. The growth characteristics of the local strain and the potential to derive protein and lipids from it makes it a promising biomass in a biorefinery context.

scholarly journals Effects of index selection on the performance and carcass composition of sheep given foods of different protein concentrationsad libitum

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Lewis ◽  
G. C. Emmans ◽  
G. Simm
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractSheep of a line selected on an index to increase carcass lean content at 150 days of age (selected (S); no. = 90), and an unselected control line (control (C); no. = 90), were given ad libitum foods of three different protein concentrations (192, 141 and 120 g/kg dry matter). Growth was measured from about 21 to 114 kg live weight. The carcasses of each line were analysed for lean, fat and bone at three widely varying weights in both males and females. Level of protein did not affect the extent to which S was superior to C in the content of fat (0.86 as much) or lean (1.08 as much) in the carcass. The fat concentration of the carcass increased, and the lean concentration decreased, as dietary protein concentration was reduced (P < 0.01). On the highest level of protein used, the S line grew 1.17 times as fast and was 1.10 times as efficient compared with C. The extent to which growth rate in S exceeded that in C was greater on the highest level of protein used (92.3 g/day) than on the two lower protein diets (26.4 g/day). The difference of 65.9 (s.e. 18.4) g/day was significant (P < 0.01). On the diet of highest protein concentration, growth was well described by a Gompertz function. The S line had an estimated maximum growth rate 1.25 times that of the C when averaged across males and females. A Spillman function was used to describe weight in terms of cumulative intake. It worked well for all three levels of dietary protein concentration. S sheep performed better than unselected sheep on foods differing in protein concentration and over a wide range of live weights, suggesting benefits are likely within the diverse farming environments found in practice.

Growth of a Methane-Utilizing Mixed Culture HD6T on Methanol and Poly-β-Hydroxybutyrate Biosynthesis

2010 ◽  
Vol 160-162 ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Dong ◽  
Jia Ying Xin ◽  
Ying Xin Zhang ◽  
Lin Lin Chen ◽  
Hong Ye Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Mineral Salt Medium ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Phase Duration ◽  
Phb Production

Methane-utilizing mixed culture HD6T was successfully cultivated in a brief non-sterile process using methanol as a sole carbon and energy source for the production of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate(PHB). Shake-flask experiments showed HD6T could grow well in the mineral salt medium with the addition of methanol exposed to the air directly. This non-sterile process and the use of cheap substrates (methanol) can reduce the production costs of PHB. It was found that HD6T grew better and PHB production in a more effective way with an initial liquid methanol concentration of 0.15%(v/v).The lag phase duration, the maximum growth rate, the biomass concentration and the PHB yield, for the optimal conditions were, respectively, 12.03h, 0.04h-1(OD600), 1.54g/l(dry weight), 0.424g/l(dry weight). Methane-utilizing mixed culture HD6T appears to be a promising organism for PHB production.

scholarly journals Influence of types of constitution on meat productivity bullets of Simmental breed

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 02024
Author(s):  
Anatoly Shevkhuzhev ◽  
Vladimir Pogodaev ◽  
Dagir Smakuev
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Meat Productivity

The aim of the research was to establish quantitative and qualitative indicators of meat productivity of Simmental bull calves of various constitutional types when raised using the technology of beef cattle breeding. The maximum growth rate and the highest yield of meat products were obtained from Simmental bulls of the meat and dairy type when they were raised and fed according to the technology of beef cattle breeding. Receiving from the mothers for 205 days of the sucking period more fatty milk, they gave 1250 g of gain per day and reached 289.7 kg of live weight by the cut. Having retained a high growth rate in the future, they at the final fattening gave 1321 g of gain per day and at 20 months the live weight was 659.3 kg. The superiority of Simmentals over analogues was natural by 3.4–13.3% by weight of the steamed carcass, by 0.4–1.8% in slaughter yield, by 1.4–11.1 kg in terms of the amount of pulp in the carcass and pulp per bones by 0.1–0.3 kg, protein in meat by 0.12; 1.19; 2.59 kg and the amount of energy in the pulp by 0.14; 0.44; 1.75 MJ. Simmental bulls of the meat and dairy type also have a high ability to transform protein and feed energy into protein and energy from the pulp of the carcass.

The utilization of dietary cellulose by growing pigs

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. Partridge ◽  
H. D. Keal ◽  
K. G. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Daily Gain

ABSTRACT1. The objective was to determine to what extent pigs can make use of energy yielded by fermentation of cellulose in the hindgut.2. Two groups of 12 pigs were grown from 20 to 80 kg live weight on diets based on barley and soya bean meal. In treatment 1 energy intakes were restricted to approximately 085 of that required for maximum growth rate but intakes of other nutrients were adequate. Treatment 2 provided the same intake of all nutrients as treatment 1, but cellulose (‘Solka-floc’) was given in addition at a level of 150 g/kg food intake.3. There were no significant differences between treatments in average daily gain or carcass linear measurements but dressing proportion was lower with added cellulose.4. At 35 and 65 kg live weight, apparent digestibility of fibre and energy was measured in 5-day periods on each pig. The weight of the fibre digested in treatment 2 was considerably higher than for treatment 1; the digestibility of added neutral-detergent fibre was 0·40. However, the quantity of energy apparently absorbed was the same for both treatments. In treatment 2, either none of the energy released from digestion of added cellulose was absorbed or, if any was absorbed, it was offset by reduced absorption of energy from other sources.

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