Comparison of different models to predict the in situ embryonic developmental rate of fish, with special reference to white sucker (Catostomus commersoni)

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Hamel ◽  
P Magnan ◽  
P East ◽  
M Lapointe ◽  
P Laurendeau
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Model ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Quadratic Equation ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Degree Day ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Relationship

We performed laboratory incubations of white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) eggs to determine (i) the incubation time to organogenesis, eyed egg, hatching, and swim-up phases at eight different temperatures (8.5-21.2°C), and (ii) the best model to describe the relationship between these incubation times and temperature. Seven models (degree-day, power-law, B e lehrádek's equation, quadratic equation, first- and second-order exponentials, and a thermodynamic model) all gave comparable and highly significant fits to our data (R2 > 0.90). We thus compared the in situ and predicted incubation times by (i) the degree-day model, because of its simplicity, and (ii) the thermodynamic model, because of its theoretical foundation. The degree-day model was at least as accurate as the thermodynamic model (overall mean difference between predicted and observed incubation times of 1.4 ± 1.0 and 1.2 ± 1.2 days for the thermodynamic and degree-day models, respectively). Given its high accuracy and simplicity of use, we conclude that the degree-day model should be used to predict the incubation times of white sucker. We also observed a synchronization of hatching in situ that suggested an influence of photoperiod in addition to that of water temperature.

Timing of spawning and assessment of a degree-day model to predict the in situ embryonic developmental rate of white sucker, Catostomus commersoni

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 2040-2048 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Hamel ◽  
P Magnan ◽  
M Lapointe ◽  
P East
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Degree Day ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Developmental Rates ◽  
Developmental Phases

We sampled eggs and larvae of white sucker, Catostomus commersoni, on six spawning grounds to (i) determine the influence of water temperature and discharge on spawning and (ii) assess the reliability of four degree-day equations developed to predict the attainment of organogenesis, eyed egg, hatching, and swim-up phases. We estimated a threshold temperature for spawning of 13°C at four sites and 10°C at two colder sites. A delay of 2 or 3 days was observed between the threshold and the onset of spawning. On average, the degree-day equations predicted the attainment of the developmental phases with an accuracy of 1.6 days, except at the two colder sites, where developmental rates were faster than predicted. The lower spawning temperatures and faster developmental rates observed at the colder sites were interpreted as adaptations to the reduced growing season. Finally, at one site the drift of swim-up larvae occurred over a 6-day period even though spawning lasted 24 days; it was not possible to determine the exact duration of drift at the other sites. This synchronization could be an adaptation lowering the risk of predation on individual larvae, as all the larvae enter the lake within a few days.

TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT OF EGGS AND LARVAE OF WINTHEMIA FUMIFERANAE TOTH. (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE), A LARVAL–PUPAL PARASITOID OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Hébert ◽  
Conrad Cloutier
Keyword(s):  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Egg Development ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Egg Deposition ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

AbstractRelationships between temperature and development rates of eggs and larvae of Winthemia fumiferanae Toth. were experimentally determined, using the spruce budworm as host. Hatching of parasitoid eggs was triggered by host pupation. The median time required to complete egg development at different temperatures was estimated from distributions of percentage development success of the parasitoid over time between egg deposition and host pupation. For parasitoid eggs that had sufficient time to hatch, detachment from the host before pupation was the most important cause of mortality at 15 °C or higher, but was negligible below this temperature. A curvilinear model describing egg development rate as a function of temperature was used to simulate the development of W. fumiferanae eggs in the field. The relationship between larval development rate and temperature also was modelled, and the variability described. Simulations initiated by host pupation-driven egg hatching, and terminated with prepupal drop to the ground, are presented and discussed with respect to the appropriateness of using host pupation as an indicator of parasitoid egg hatching in the field.

White Sucker (Catostomus commersoni) Embryo Development, and Early Growth and Survival at Different Temperatures

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1019-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Howard McCormick ◽  
Bernard R. Jones ◽  
Kenneth E. F. Hokanson
Keyword(s):  
Hatching Success ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Spinal Deformities ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
High Death ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae

White suckers (Catostomus commersoni) were exposed from fertilization through hatching to seven constant temperatures from 6.2 through 24.1 °C. High percentages of apparently normal larvae hatched at temperatures from 9.0 through 17.2 °C. Maximum percent hatch occurred at 15.2 °C, while only a few normal larvae were produced at 6.2 °C, and none at 24.1 °C.Growth rates increased from near zero at 10.0 °C to a maximum at 26.9 °C. At 29.7 °C growth fell below the maximum (P < 0.05), and the incidence of spinal deformities was high. Death rates were uniformly low from 15.7 to 26.9 °C and were significantly higher at 10.0 and 29.7 °C (P < 0.05). The rate of net biomass gain for test groups was maximum at 26.9 °C. Net rates of biomass gain declined progressively with temperatures below 26.9 °C until by 10.0 °C the rate of population growth became less than the rate of weight loss through deaths within the population. The temperature producing maximum hatching success, 15 °C, was nearly 12 °C lower than that providing for maximum growth and net biomass gain.Upper thermal 1-, 2-, and 7-day TL50 values for both newly hatched and swim-up larvae, when acclimated to 9 and 10 °C, were between 28 and 29 °C. When acclimated to 15 and 21 °C, they were between 30 and 32 °C.Lower 1-day TL50 temperature values for both groups of larvae acclimated to 21 °C were near 3 °C (< 2.9), 2-day TL50 values were approximately 0.5 °C higher, and 7-day values were 4.8 °C for newly hatched larvae and 6.1 °C for swim-up larvae.

Within-population variability in egg characteristics of walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) and white sucker (Catostomus commersoni)

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1006-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
T A Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stizostedion Vitreum ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Size And Age Structure ◽  
The Relationship

I examined variation in egg characteristics among individual females of sympatrically spawning walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) and white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) from Lake Manitoba. White sucker produced eggs of greater dry mass and energy content than walleye. Walleye egg dry mass varied between years and was positively related to both female length and age. The relationship between white sucker egg dry mass and female length varied between years. Egg energy density did not vary with respect to female length in either species. Egg energy density varied between years for walleye but not white sucker. Hatching success of walleye eggs was positively related to female age and negatively related to female length adjusted for age. Length and dry mass of walleye larvae at hatch increased with egg dry mass. Results suggest that the quality of eggs produced by walleye and white sucker populations may vary with the size and age structure of the populations and among spawning years.

The relationship between piscivory and growth of white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) in headwater lakes of the Canadian Shield

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2706-2715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bertolo ◽  
Pierre Magnan
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Canadian Shield ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Piscivorous Fish ◽  
Headwater Lakes ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
The Relationship

We used data from a survey of 36 headwater lakes of the Canadian Shield to investigate the relationship between piscivory and growth, abundance, and longevity of white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens). The occurrence of northern pike (Esox lucius) and walleye (Sander vitreus) explained variations in the abundance of both white sucker and yellow perch, suggesting strong predation-induced mortality. The longevity of both species tended to be negatively related to increased piscivory. White sucker grew better and had a better condition in lakes with piscivores. Yellow perch showed only small among-lake differences in growth and condition. The superior competitive ability of white sucker over yellow perch could explain why yellow perch did not show improved growth or longevity where population densities were low in lakes with piscivores and white sucker. Furthermore, yellow perch growth was inversely related to the biomass of piscivorous fish in their first year of life. Stomach content data suggest that small yellow perch, which rely on zooplankton, might restrict their use of pelagic resources to reduce their predation risk by piscivores, thus reducing their growth. Our results show that the effects of piscivores can be species-specific and dependent on community structure.

Prediction of Egg Development Times of Freshwater Copepods

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1322-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Cooley ◽  
Charles K. Minns
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Egg Development ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Temperature Function ◽  
Is Development ◽  
Freshwater Copepods ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hatching Temperature

Available literature data on the relationship between freshwater copepod egg development time and temperature were summarized and fitted where possible to Bělehrádek's temperature function[Formula: see text]where D is development time, T is temperature, a, b, and α are fitted constants. In the calanoids, and to a lesser extent cyclopoids, a and α were predictably related as were α and in situ egg hatching temperature (TH) when b was assumed to be constant for all copepods. This information was used to describe a simple procedure whereby a curve relating egg development and temperature could be constructed by only knowing TH and applying it to Bělehrádek's temperature function. Key words: Calanoidea, Cyclopoidea, zooplankton, temperature, production assessment

Use of White Sucker (Catostomus commersoni) Populations to Assess the Health of Aquatic Ecosystems Exposed to Low-Level Contaminant Stress

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1455-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Munkittrick ◽  
D. G. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Chemical Effects ◽  
Further Development

There is a need to develop inexpensive methods for evaluating contaminant impacts on aquatic ecosystems. This paper describes a simple, rapid, cost-effective mechanism for the in situ assessment of toxicant impact on fish populations. The framework assumes that changes in the death or birth rate, or alterations in the availability of food or habitat, are associated with characteristic responses of white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) populations. The responses have been grouped into five main patterns based on the population characteristics of mean age, fecundity, and condition factor. Populations which are growing, reproducing, and surviving at rates which are indistinguishable from a reference (control) population are considered to be free from adverse chemical effects. Analysis of published studies showed that white sucker populations responsed to several classes of environmental stressors in a predictable fashion and the framework suggested areas for follow-up study. The framework does have several limitations and is dependent upon the selection and appropriate sampling of a comparable reference population. Requirements for further development are discussed.

Effect of temperature on the development of the aquatic stages of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (Diptera: Culicidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.N. Bayoh ◽  
S.W. Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Immature Stage ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractGlobal warming may affect the future pattern of many arthropod-borne diseases, yet the relationship between temperature and development has been poorly described for many key vectors. Here the development of the aquatic stages of Africa's principal malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae s.s. Giles, is described at different temperatures. Development time from egg to adult was measured under laboratory conditions at constant temperatures between 10 and 40°C. Rate of development from one immature stage to the next increased at higher temperatures to a peak around 28°C and then declined. Adult development rate was greatest between 28 and 32°C, although adult emergence was highest between 22 and 26°C. No adults emerged below 18°C or above 34°C. Non-linear models were used to describe the relationship between developmental rate and temperature, which could be used for developing process-based models of malaria transmission. The utility of these findings is demonstrated by showing that a map where the climate is suitable for the development of aquatic stages of A. gambiae s.s. corresponded closely with the best map of malaria risk currently available for Africa.

Profile Imaging of Silicon Surface Reconstructions

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 262-263
Author(s):  
O.L. Krivanek ◽  
G.J. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Structure Determination ◽  
Silicon Surface ◽  
Good Resolution ◽  
Surface Reconstructions ◽  
Bulk Structure ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
The Relationship

Electron microscopy at 0.2nm point-to-point resolution, 10-10 torr specimei region vacuum and facilities for in-situ specimen cleaning presents intere; ing possibilities for surface structure determination. Three methods for examining the surfaces are available: reflection (REM), transmission (TEM) and profile imaging. Profile imaging is particularly useful because it giv good resolution perpendicular as well as parallel to the surface, and can therefore be used to determine the relationship between the surface and the bulk structure.

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