Effects of high molecular weight alcohols from sugar cane fed alone or in combination with plant sterols on lipid profile and antioxidant status of Wistar rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 938-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Kitts ◽  
Aneta Kopec ◽  
Jerzy Zawistowski ◽  
David G. Popovich
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Atherogenic Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio

The effect of feeding a mixture of high molecular weight alcohols derived from sugarcane (SCA), both alone and in combination with phytosterols (PS), on changes in plasma lipids, organ cholesterol accumulation, and antioxidant status of Wistar rats was undertaken. Three separate experiments were conducted and each experiment had 3 subsets. In experiment 1, rats were fed on an AIN-76, semi-synthetic diet supplemented with 0%, 0.5%, and 5% SCA w/w. The second experiment consisted of feeding rats an atherogenic diet (AIN-76+0.5% cholesterol) containing 0%, 0.5%, and 5% SCA w/w. The third experiment consisted of feeding rats an atherogenic diet that contained 2% PS in combination with 0%, 0.5%, and 5% SCA. Rats fed the atherogenic diet exhibited significant elevations in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and significant reductions in the high-density lipoprotein/total cholesterol ratio, regardless of the presence of 0.5% or 5% SCA mixture. Serum cholesterol increased 29% to 35% in these animals compared with animals fed the nonatherogenic diets. In contrast, animals fed atherogenic diets that contained 2% PS exhibited no difference in serum lipids compared with counterparts fed nonatherogenic diets. The combined presence of SCA with PS had no effect on further lowering plasma cholesterol. No changes in C-reactive protein were observed, but plasma oxygen radical scavenging capacity values significantly (p < 0.05) decreased when rats were fed the atherogenic diets that contained the combination of PS and SCA. This result corresponded to an apparent greater (p < 0.05) susceptibility of red blood cells to oxidative stress

scholarly journals APOE4 Genotype Exerts Greater Benefit in Lowering Plasma Cholesterol and Apolipoprotein B than Wild Type (E3/E3), after Replacement of Dietary Saturated Fats with Low Glycaemic Index Carbohydrates

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Griffin ◽  
Celia Walker ◽  
Susan Jebb ◽  
Carmel Moore ◽  
Gary Frost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Apolipoprotein B ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Apo B ◽  
The Impact

We examined the impact of APOE genotype on plasma lipids and glucose in a secondary analysis of data from a five-arm, randomised controlled, parallel dietary intervention trial (‘RISCK’ study), to investigate the impact of replacing saturated fatty acids (SFA) with either monounsaturated fat (MUFA) or carbohydrate of high or low glycaemic index (GI) on CVD risk factors and insulin sensitivity. We tested the impact of APOE genotype (carriage of E2 and E4 alleles versus E3/E3), determined retrospectively, on plasma lipids, lipoproteins and glucose homeostasis at baseline (n = 469), and on the change in these variables after 24 weeks of dietary intervention (n = 389). At baseline, carriers of E2 (n = 70), E4 (n = 125) and E3/E3 (n = 274) expressed marked differences in total plasma cholesterol (TC, p = 0.001), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, p < 0.0001), apolipoprotein B (apo B, p < 0.0001) and total to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TC:HDL-C, p = 0.002), with plasma concentrations decreasing in the order E4 > E3/E3 > E2. Following intervention, there was evidence of a significant diet x genotype interaction with significantly greater decreases in TC (p = 0.02) and apo B (p = 0.006) among carriers of E4 when SFA was replaced with low GI carbohydrate on a lower fat diet (TC −0.28 mmol/L p = 0.03; apo B −0.1 g/L p = 0.02), and a relative increase in TC (in comparison to E3/E3) when SFA was replaced with MUFA and high GI carbohydrates (TC 0.3 mmol/L, p = 0.03). Among carriers of E2 (compared with E3/E3) there was an increase in triacylglycerol (TAG) when SFA was replaced with MUFA and low GI carbohydrates 0.46 mmol/L p = 0.001). There were no significant interactions between APOE genotype and diet for changes in indices of glucose homeostasis. In conclusion, variations in APOE genotype led to differential effects on the lipid response to the replacement of SFA with MUFA and low GI carbohydrates.

Abstract 577: MicroRNA-30c Reduces Plasma Cholesterol in Different Hypercholesterolemic and Hyperglycemic Mouse Models

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Irani ◽  
Jahangir Iqbal ◽  
M.Mahmood Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Models ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Lower Plasma

High plasma cholesterol levels are found in several metabolic disorders and their reductions are advocated to reduce risk of atherosclerosis. A way to lower plasma lipids is to curtail lipoprotein assembly and secretion; however, this is associated with steatosis. We have shown that microRNA-30c (miR-30c) reduces Western diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in C57BL/6J and Apoe -/- mice with no obvious adverse effects by reducing hepatic lipoprotein production and lipid synthesis. Here, we tested the effect of miR-30c on plasma lipids, transaminases and hepatic lipids in five different mouse models. Hepatic delivery of miR-30c reduced MTP activity but did not affect plasma cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose in chow-fed C57Bl6J and streptozotocin-induced diabetic, normolipidemic mice. However, hepatic delivery of miR-30c to chow fed leptin deficient ( ob/ob ) and leptin receptor deficient ( db/db ) hypercholesterolemic and hyperglycemic type 2 diabetic mice reduced cholesterol in total plasma and VLDL/LDL by ~ 28%and ~ 25%, respectively, without affecting phospholipid, triglyceride and glucose levels. Interestingly, these mice had lower plasma transaminases and creatine kinases indicating possible beneficial effects. Mechanistic studies showed that miR-30c reduced hepatic MTP activity and lipid synthesis. Moreover, miR-30c significantly lowered plasma cholesterol and atherosclerosis in Western-diet fed low density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice with no effect on plasma triglyceride, glucose and transaminases, suggesting that miR-30c can be a potential therapeutic agent for homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. In all these studies, hepatic lipid levels were similar in control and miR-30c injected mice. These studies indicate that miR-30c reduces plasma cholesterol in diet-induced and diabetic hyperholesterolemic mice but not in normocholesterolemic mice. Thus, miR-30c may be beneficial in lowering plasma cholesterol in different metabolic disorders independent of the origin of hypercholesterolemia.

scholarly journals Copper bioavailability, mineral utilization, and lipid metabolism in broilers

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 483-490
Author(s):  
Aiyou Wen ◽  
Sifa Dai ◽  
Xuezhuang Wu ◽  
Zhihua Cai
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Utilization

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of copper (Cu) sources and levels on mineral utilization, tissue copper residues, and lipid metabolism in Arbor Acres broilers. A total of 640 male broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 replicates per group and 16 broilers per replicate. The experiment was used in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial experiment design. Broilers in the control group were fed a basal diet, and animals in the other four groups were fed basal diets supplemented with Cu from copper sulphate and copper methionine. Copper concentrations of the experimental diets were 20 and 40 mg Cu/kg dry matter. A metabolism trial of 4 days was conducted during the last week of experimental feeding. Neither Cu source nor Cu level affected average daily gain, average daily feed intake or feed gain ratio (P &gt; 0.05). Broilers fed 40 mg Cu/kg diets had lower plasma cholesterol than those in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). Copper supplementation decreased (P &lt; 0.05) plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol but did not alter plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations or plasma triglyceride concentrations. Copper sulphate supplementation increased (P &lt; 0.05) liver Cu but did not alter pectorals Cu, heart Cu, tibia Cu and tibia P. Broilers fed 40 mg/kg Cu from copper sulphate had a lower (P &lt; 0.05) tibia Ca level. The concentration of liver Cu in the broilers fed copper methionine diets was higher (P &lt; 0.05) than that in those fed copper sulphate. Compared with copper sulphate (100%), the relative bioavailability value of copper methionine was 117%. In conclusion, the relative bioavailability of copper methionine obtained in this study was greater than that of copper sulphate. Copper plays an important role in plasma lipids and in the digestion of dietary Ca in broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Effects of oat bran, processed to different molecular weights of β-glucan, on plasma lipids and caecal formation of SCFA in mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Immerstrand ◽  
Kristina E. Andersson ◽  
Caroline Wange ◽  
Ana Rascon ◽  
Per Hellstrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Oat Bran ◽  
Diet Pattern ◽  
The Difference

In the present study, we evaluated the cholesterol-lowering effects of different oat bran (OB) preparations, differing regarding their peak molecular weight (MWp) of β-glucans (2348, 1311, 241, 56, 21 or < 10 kDa), in C57BL/6NCrl mice. The diets were designed to be atherogenic (0·8 % cholesterol and 0·1 % cholic acid), and they reflected the Western diet pattern (41 % energy fat). All OB preparations that were investigated significantly reduced plasma cholesterol when compared with a cellulose-containing control diet, regardless of the molecular weight of β-glucan. Moreover, the difference in viscous properties between the processed OB (from 0·11 to 17·7 l/g) did not appear to play a major role in the cholesterol-lowering properties. In addition, there was no correlation between the molecular weight of β-glucan and the amount of propionic acid formed in caecum. Interestingly, however, there was a significant correlation between the ratio of (propionic acid+butyric acid)/acetic acid and the MWpof β-glucans: the ratio increased with increasing molecular weight. The results of the present study suggest that the molecular weights and viscous properties of β-glucan in oat products may not be crucial parameters for their cholesterol-lowering effects.

scholarly journals Effects of Nori- and Wakame-enriched meats with or without supplementary cholesterol on arylesterase activity, lipaemia and lipoproteinaemia in growing Wistar rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (10) ◽  
pp. 1476-1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Olivero-David ◽  
Adriana Schultz-Moreira ◽  
Miguel Vázquez-Velasco ◽  
Laura González-Torres ◽  
Sara Bastida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Lipoprotein Metabolism ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vldl Cholesterol ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Cholesterol Supplementation ◽  
Two Parameters

Some seaweeds exert antioxidant and hypocholesterolaemic properties. The effects of diets including restructured meats (RM) containing Wakame (W) or Nori (N) algae on arylesterase (AE) activity and lipoprotein concentration and composition were tested. In the present study, six groups of ten male growing Wistar rats each were fed a mix of 85 % AIN-93M diet and 15 % freeze-dried RM for 35 d. The control group (C) consumed control RM, the W and N groups consumed RM with 5 % W and 5 % N, respectively. The cholesterol-enriched C (CC), W (CW) and N (CN) groups consumed their corresponding basal diets with supplementary cholesterol (2·43 %) and cholic acid (0·49 %). Cholesterol in the diet induced lower (P < 0·001) growth ratios. Both W and N diets significantly increased AE activity. VLDL-cholesterol values were lower in N rats than in W rats. AE activity increased (P < 0·001) in CC and CW rats but not in CN rats compared with their corresponding counterparts. AE was lower (P < 0·05) in the CN group than in the CC and CW groups. The CN diet partially blocked (P < 0·001) the hypercholesterolaemic induction observed in CC and CW diets and reduced TAG levels (at least P < 0·05) with respect to those of CC rats. Although dietary cholesterol supplementation increased total cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol and (intermediate-density lipoprotein+LDL)-cholesterol (all P < 0·001) in all rats, the CN diet moderately improved the lipoprotein profile of hypercholesterolaemic rats. Changes in AE activity and plasma cholesterol in CN rats but not in CW rats suggest a possible relationship between the two parameters. It is concluded that inclusion of RM enriched with N may be used in hypercholesterolaemic diets to improve lipoprotein metabolism.

scholarly journals Plasma lipids and large bowel volatile fatty acids in pigs fed on white rice, brown rice and rice bran

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yustinus Marsono ◽  
Richard J. Illman ◽  
Julie M. Clarke ◽  
Rodney P. Trimble ◽  
David L. Topping
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Large Bowel ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
White Rice

Adult male pigs were fed on a diet containing (% of energy) fat 25 starch 55 from white rice and providing 20 g fibre/pig per d (diet WR). In two other groups rice bran was added to the diet to provide 43 g fibre/d. One group received the diet unmodified (diet RB), but in another (diet RO) heat-stabilized unrefined rice oil replaced the palm oil. In a further group brown rice replaced white rice and provided 37 g fibre/pig per d (diet BR). Plasma cholesterol concentrations were similar with diets WR, RB and BR. With diet RO the concentration was significantly lower than with diets WR and BR but was not different from diet RB. Plasma high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol and plasma triacylglycerols were unaffected by diet. In all groups, digesta mass rose from the caecum to the proximal colon but fell in the distal colon. Diet WR gave the lowest digesta mass while diet BR gave a significantly higher mass along the large bowel length. RB- and RO-fed pigs had equal masses of digesta which were intermediate between BR- and WR-fed pigs at all sampling sites. Pools of individual and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the proximal large bowel were unaffected by diet. Pools of total and individual VFA in the median and distal colon were lowest with diets WR and RB and significantly higher with diet BR. In these regions of the colon pools of acetate in RO-fed pigs did not differ from those in the BR-fed group but were higher than in other groups. However, pools of propionate and butyrate with the RO diet were significantly lower than with diet BR and the same as with diets WR and RB. Portal venous VFA concentrations were unaffected by diet. The higher large bowel digesta masses and VFA with diet BR may reflect the escape of starch from the smallintestine.

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