Measuring the spermosphere colonizing capacity (spermosphere competence) of bacterial inoculants

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 926-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Kloepper ◽  
F. M. Scher ◽  
M. Laliberté ◽  
I. Zaleska
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
Bacterial Inoculants ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Average Multiplication ◽  
Soil Mix

Spermosphere establishment by bacteria which were coated onto seeds was studied using soybean seeds treated with four bacterial strains at levels of log10 1 to 4 colony-forming units (cfu) per seed planted in a field soil mix, and incubated 48 h. Each strain at every inoculum level developed spermosphere population densities of log10 4 to 8 cfu/seed, demonstrating an average multiplication of log10 3 cfu/seed. An alternative method was developed to differentially rank bacteria for spermosphere colonizing capacity, based upon incorporation of bacteria into a soil and monitoring the resulting spermosphere population densities around noninoculated seeds after 4 days at 14 °C. Fifty-seven bacterial strains which were isolated from soybean roots or from water samples, including Pseudomonas putida, P. putida biovarB, P. fluorescens, Serratia liquefaciens, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Bacillus spp. were tested in the spermosphere colonization assay. Average spermosphere population densities for the 57 strains ranged from 0 to log10 7.0 cfu/seed. Strains of a given taxon demonstrated marked diversity with ranges from 0 to log10 6.0 cfu/seed for Bacillus spp. and from log10 1.4 to 7.0 cfu/seed for Pseudomonas putida. The relative ranking of representative strains was consistent in repeating experiments. The potential usefulness of the assay for efforts to develop competitive bacterial inoculants for crop seeds is discussed.

scholarly journals Distribution of Growth-Inhibiting Bacteria against the Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella (Group I) in Akkeshi-Ko Estuary and Akkeshi Bay, Hokkaido, Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Yuka Onishi ◽  
Akihiro Tuji ◽  
Atsushi Yamaguchi ◽  
Ichiro Imai
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Seagrass Bed ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Toxic Dinoflagellate ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Alexandrium Catenella ◽  
Group I ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Rrna Sequences ◽  
Growth Inhibiting

The distribution of growth-inhibiting bacteria (GIB) against the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella (Group I) was investigated targeting seagrass leaves and surface waters at the seagrass bed of Akkeshi-ko Estuary and surface waters of nearshore and offshore points of Akkeshi Bay, Japan. Weekly samplings were conducted from April to June in 2011. GIBs were detected from surface of leaves of the seagrass Zostera marina in Akkeshi-ko Estuary (7.5 × 105–4.7 × 106 colony-forming units: CFU g−1 wet leaf) and seawater at the stations in Akkeshi Bay (6.7 × 100–1.1 × 103 CFU mL−1). Sequence analyses revealed that the same bacterial strains with the same 16S rRNA sequences were isolated from the surface biofilm of Z. marina and the seawater in the Akkeshi Bay. We therefore strongly suggested that seagrass beds are the source of algicidal and growth-inhibiting bacteria in coastal ecosystems. Cells of A.catenella were not detected from seawaters in Akkeshi-ko Estuary and the coastal point of Akkeshi Bay, but frequently detected at the offshore point of Akkeshi Bay. It is suggested that A.catenella populations were suppressed by abundant GIBs derived from the seagrass bed, leading to the less toxin contamination of bivalves in Akkeshi-ko Estuary.

scholarly journals Identification and Genomic Characterization of Pathogenic Bacillus altitudinis from Common Pear Trees in Morocco

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1344
Author(s):  
Naima Lemjiber ◽  
Khalid Naamani ◽  
Annabelle Merieau ◽  
Abdelhi Dihazi ◽  
Nawal Zhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Genomic Islands ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bacillus Altitudinis ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Bacterial burn is one of the major diseases affecting pear trees worldwide, with serious impacts on producers and economy. In Morocco, several pear trees (Pyrus communis) have shown leaf burns since 2015. To characterize the causal agent of this disease, we isolated fourteen bacterial strains from different parts of symptomatic pear trees (leaves, shoots, fruits and flowers) that were tested in planta for their pathogenicity on Louise bonne and Williams cultivars. The results showed necrotic lesions with a significant severity range from 47.63 to 57.77% on leaves of the Louise bonne cultivar inoculated with isolate B10, while the other bacterial isolates did not induce any disease symptom. 16S rRNA gene sequencing did not allow robust taxonomic discrimination of the incriminated isolate. Thus, we conducted whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and phylogenetic analyzes based on gyrA, gyrB and cdaA gene sequences, indicating that this isolate belongs to the Bacillus altitudinis species. This taxonomic classification was further confirmed by the Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) and the in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (isDDH) analyzes compared to sixty-five Bacillus spp. type strains. The genome was mined for genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) known to play a role in the vegetal tissue degradation. 177 candidates with functions that may support the in planta phytopathogenicity results were identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first data reporting B. altitudinis as agent of leaf burn in P. communis in Morocco. Our dataset will improve our knowledge on spread and pathogenicity of B. altitudinis genotypes that appears as emergent phytopathogenic agent, unveiling virulence factors and their genomic location (i.e., within genomic islands or the accessory genome) to induce trees disease.

scholarly journals Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas putida as inhibitors of the Colletotrichum acutatum group and potential to control Glomerella leaf spot

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaele Regina Moreira ◽  
Cristiano Nunes Nesi ◽  
Louise Larissa May De Mio
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Glomerella Leaf Spot

Effects of crop sequence and rainfall on population dynamics of Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli in soil

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 2005-2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hall ◽  
Lana Gay Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Bean Crop ◽  
Previous Summer ◽  
Crop Sequence

Evidence is presented that population dynamics of Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli in soil depend on the effects of crop sequence and rainfall on parasitic activities of the pathogen. In a rotation trial started in 1978 and conducted over 14 years, population densities (colony-forming units/g) of the fungus in soil remained below 50 in treatments (fallow, repeated corn, repeated soybean) where the preferred host plant (common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris) was not grown. Where bean was grown every 3rd year or every year, population densities reached 475 and 660, respectively, by 1984. Thereafter, population densities of the fungus fluctuated widely from year to year in both rotation and repeated bean treatments. In the rotation treatment, peaks in population density of the pathogen coincided with the years of bean production. In repeated bean plots between 1985 and 1991, population density of the fungus in June was significantly correlated (r = 0.77, p = 0.04) with total rainfall received during the previous summer (June–August). It is postulated that higher rainfall during the growing season of the bean crop stimulated root growth and root infection, leading to the accumulation of higher levels of potential inoculum in infected tissue and the release of higher levels of inoculum into the soil by the following June. Key words: Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli, bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, rainfall, crop rotation.

scholarly journals Cost-Effective Fabrication, Antibacterial Application and Cell Viability Studies of Modified Nonwoven Cotton Fabric

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahat Nawaz ◽  
Sayed Tayyab Raza Naqvi ◽  
Batool Fatima ◽  
Nazia Zulfiqar ◽  
Muhammad Umer Farooq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Toxicity Assay

Abstract Nonwoven cotton fabric has been fabricated and designed for antibacterial applications using low cost and ecofriendly precursors. The treatment of fabric with alkali leads to formation of active sites. The surfaces were dip coated with silver nanaoparticles and chitosan. The surface was chlorinated in next step to transform amide (N-H) groups in chitosan into N-halamine (N-Cl). The modified and unmodified surfaces of the nonwoven cotton fabric have been characterized by FTIR, SEM, and XRD. The active chlorine loading is measured with iodine/ sodium thiosulphate. The antimicrobial activity and cell toxicity assay were carried out with and without modifications of nonwoven cotton fabric. The antimicrobial efficacies of loaded fabric were evaluated against four bacterial species (Micrococcus lutes, Staphylococcus aurea, Enterobacter aerogenes, and E.coli). It was found that modified fabric exhibited superior efficiency against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains as compared to their bulk counterparts upon exposure without destroying and affecting fabric nature. The overall process is economical for commercial purposes. The modified fabric can be used for antimicrobial, health, and food packaging industries, and in other biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Studies on poly-3-hydroxyoctanoate biosynthesis by a consortium of microorganisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Carmen Eremia ◽  
Irina Lupescu ◽  
Mariana Vladu ◽  
Maria Petrescu ◽  
Gabriela Savoiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Energy Reserve ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Sodium Octanoate ◽  
Intracellular Energy

Abstract Polyhydroxyalcanoates (PHAs) are specifically produced by a wide variety of bacteria, as an intracellular energy reserve in the form of homo- and copolymers of [R]-β-hydroxyalkanoic acids, depending on the C source used for microorganism growth, when the cells are grown under stressing conditions. In this paper we present microbiological accumulation of poly-3-hydroxyoctanoate (PHO) by using a consortium of bacterial strains, Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus subtilis, in a rate of 3:1, grown on a fermentation medium based on sodium octanoate as the sole carbon source. The experiments performed in the above mentioned conditions led to the following results: from 18.70 g sodium octanoate (7.72 g/L in the fermentation medium) used up during the bioprocess, 3.93-3.96 g/L dry bacterial biomass and 1.834 - 1.884 g/L PHA, containing 85.83 - 86.8% PHO, were obtained.

Dicyano-bis(pyridin-2,6-dicarbothioato)-ferrat (II)/ferrat (III), ein weiteres eisenhaltiges Redoxsystem aus der Kulturlösung eines Pseudomonas-Stammes [1] / Dicyano-bis(pyridin-2,6-dicarbothioato)-ferrate (II)/ferrate (III), a Further Fe Containing Redox System from the Culture Medium of Pseudomonas sp.

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Hildebrand ◽  
K. Taraz ◽  
H. Budzikiewicz ◽  
H. Korth ◽  
G. Pulverer
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Redox System ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Redox Potentials ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Normal Potential

From the culture medium of Pseudomonas sp. a further Fe containing complex, viz. dicyano- bis(pyridin-2,6-dicarbothioato)-ferrate (III) (2) has been isolated which participates in a ferrate (II)/ferrate (III) redox system (normal potential of-0.013 V) in the range of the redox potentials of cytochromes. Pyridine-2,6-di(monothiocarboxylic acid) which originally has been considered to be characteristic for Pseudomonas putida has been found recently as a metabolite of other bacterial strains (two of which have been characterized in this paper) as well.

scholarly journals Carbon and Hydrogen Stable Isotope Fractionation during Aerobic Bacterial Degradation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 5191-5194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Morasch ◽  
Hans H. Richnow ◽  
Bernhard Schink ◽  
Andrea Vieth ◽  
Rainer U. Meckenstock
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Aerobic Degradation ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Stable Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Substrate Degradation ◽  
Different Types

ABSTRACT 13C/12C and D/H stable isotope fractionation during aerobic degradation was determined for Pseudomonas putida strain mt-2, Pseudomonas putida strain F1, Ralstonia pickettii strain PKO1, and Pseudomonas putida strain NCIB 9816 grown with toluene, xylenes, and naphthalene. Different types of initial reactions used by the respective bacterial strains could be linked with certain extents of stable isotope fractionation during substrate degradation.

Determination of Histamine in Japanese Spanish Mackerel (Scomberomorus niphonius) Meat Implicated in a Foodborne Poisoning

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 1643-1649 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHIU-CHU HWANG ◽  
PEI-HUI TSENG ◽  
YI-CHEN LEE ◽  
HSIEN-FENG KUNG ◽  
CHUN-YUNG HUANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Spanish Mackerel ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Raw Fish ◽  
Scomberomorus Niphonius

ABSTRACT An incident of foodborne poisoning causing illness in seven victims due to ingestion of fried Japanese Spanish mackerel (JS mackerel; Scomberomorus niphonius) meat occurred in September 2014 in Hualien County, eastern Taiwan. Of the two suspected fish meats, one raw sample contained 3,318 ppm of histamine and one fried sample contained 1,906 ppm of histamine, levels which are greater than the potential hazard action level (500 ppm) in most illness cases. Given the allergy-like symptoms of the victims and the high histamine content in the suspected fish samples, this foodborne poisoning was strongly suspected to be caused by histamine intoxication. In addition, five histamine-producing bacterial strains isolated from suspected raw fish samples, capable of producing 152 to 1,020 ppm of histamine in Trypticase soy broth supplemented with 1.0% l-histidine, were identified as Hafnia alvei (one strain), Enterobacter aerogenes (two strains), Raoultella ornithinolytica (one strain), and Morganella morganii (one strain) by 16S rDNA sequencing with PCR amplification. Moreover, 12 raw fish samples and 39 fried fish samples from retail stores were collected and tested to determine the occurrence of histamine. Two of 12 commercial raw fish samples (16.7%) had histamine levels greater than the U.S. Food and Drug Administration guideline for decomposition of 50 ppm for scombroid fish or product or a combination of both. To our knowledge, this is the first report in Taiwan to demonstrate that the JS mackerel meat products could cause histamine intoxication.

scholarly journals Decolorization of anthraquinone Vat Blue 4 by the free cells of an autochthonous bacterium, Bacillus subtilis

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 3225-3232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajee Olaganathan ◽  
Jamila Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Free Cells ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus ◽  
Student’S T

Uncontaminated soil, Vat Blue 4 contaminated soil and Vat Blue 4 effluent were screened for heterotrophic bacterial population and the bacterial density were found to be 19.3 × 104 Colony Forming Units (CFU)/gm, 5.5 × 104 CFU/gm and 1.1 × 104 CFU/ml respectively. Student's ‘t’ test analysis affirmed that significant variation prevailed between the three set of ‘t’ tests conducted (P<0.001 to 0.002). The heterotrophic bacterial population of dye contaminated soil comprised of 32.5% of Pseudomonas spp. followed by 27.5% of Bacillus spp., 15.0% of Aeromonas spp., 12.5% of Micrococcus spp. and 12.5% of Achromobacter spp. The optimum inoculums load, pH and temperature were found to be 5% (10 × 104 counts), 10 and 35°C respectively. Free cells of B. subtilis decolorized Vat Blue 4 up to 92.30% after 24 hours of treatment. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were reduced up to 50.00, 79.60 and 75.40% respectively.

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