Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi lipopolysaccharide as receptor of a new bacteriophage

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
L. A. Cañas ◽  
M. Santaolalla
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Percentage Decrease ◽  
Contractile Tail ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
Mild Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

A new bacteriophage was found growing on Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi isolates from knots of diseased Spanish olive trees. The bacteriophage had a contractile tail (type A1 of Bradley's classification: Myoviridae) of 60 × 14 nm and an icosahedral head (diameter, 45 nm) which contains DNA. Lipopolysaccharide from the outer membrane of the host bacteria was found to be the specific receptor for the bacteriophage. Phage inactivation was measured as a percentage decrease in plaque-forming units and by electron microscopy. This lipopolysaccharide showed an ultrastructure and chemical composition very similar to those obtained from other Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. Mild hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide with 1% acetic acid liberated the carbohydrate moiety (degraded polysaccharide) from the lipid A. After hydrolysis, monosaccharides and fatty acids were studied by gas–liquid chromatography. The polysaccharide was mainly composed of rhamnose, glucose, and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid; the lipid A contained glucosamine, phosphate, and fatty acids, both hydroxylated (3-OH 10:0, 2-OH 12:0, and 3-OH 12:0) and nonhydroxylated (12:0, 16:1, and 16:0).

The chemical constitution of lipid A from Serratia marcescens

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Adams ◽  
Prem Pal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Compositional Data ◽  
Optical Rotation ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Linkage Evidence ◽  
Hydrolysis Conditions ◽  
Mild Hydrolysis ◽  
Phosphate Groups

The lipopolysaccharide of Serratia marcescens, under mild hydrolysis conditions (0.25 N H2SO4 for 2.5 h at 100°), yielded a lipid A containing D-glucosamine, fatty acids, acetyl and phosphate groups (approximate molar ratio 3:9:4:2), a small amount of ethanolamine, and a trace of galactosamine. Lipid A on methylation and subsequent hydrolysis yielded 3,4-di-O-methyl-D-glucosamine and 3,4,6-tri-O-methyl-D-glucosamine identified by gas–liquid chromatography as their glucitol acetates. These sugars were further identified by ninhydrin degradation to yield 2,3-di-O-methyl-L-arabinose and 2,3,5-tri-O-methyl-L-arabinose. From these findings, it was concluded that the D-glucosamine units in the lipid A were linked 1 → 6. A negative optical rotation of the lipid A suggested a β linkage. On the basis of the glycosidic linkage evidence and additional compositional data, a possible structure for the lipid A of S. marcescens is proposed and discussed in detail.

scholarly journals The glycolipids of Lactobacillus casei A.T.C.C. 7469

1968 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Shaw ◽  
K. Heatherington ◽  
J Baddiley
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Lactobacillic Acid ◽  
Acetate Form

1. The lipids were extracted from Lactobacillus casei A.T.C.C. 7469 with chloroform–methanol mixtures. The glycolipids were obtained by chromatography on silicic acid and DEAE-cellulose (acetate form). 2. Hydrolysis of the glycolipids with alkali gave two glycerol glycosides and a mixture of fatty acids. 3. The glycosides were separated and their structures elucidated. The major component was O-α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→1)-glycerol and the minor component O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-O-α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→1)-glycerol. 4. Analysis of the fatty acids by gas–liquid chromatography showed that they were predominantly palmitic acid, octadecenoic acid and lactobacillic acid.

Studies of the cell envelope of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl F. Deneke ◽  
R. R. Colwell
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Phenol Extraction

Components of the cell envelope of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were investigated. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an estuarine microorganism associated with diseases of marine and estuarine animals and seafood-borne enteritis in man. Purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS), isolated using a 45% phenol extraction procedure, was found to contain lipid A fraction to 27% of the LPS by weight. In the lipid A fraction, glucosamine was the only amino sugar to be present and a high molar ratio of phosphate to amino sugar (2.5:1) was noted. Two hydroxy fatty acids, hydroxydodecanoic and hydroxymyristic, were identified among the fatty acids by gas–liquid chromatography. A role of the lipopolysaccharides in the salt requirement of marine bacteria is suggested.

THE ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS OBTAINED FROM SPECIES AND INTERSPECIES HYBRIDS OF THE Mentha GENUS AGAINST SELECTED PLANT PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Schollenberger ◽  
Tomasz M. Staniek ◽  
Elżbieta Paduch-Cichal ◽  
Beata Dasiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Gadomska-Gajadhur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Interspecies Hybrids

Plant essential oils of six aromatic herb species and interspecies hybrids of the family Lamiaceae – chocolate mint (Mentha piperita × ‘Chocolate’), pineapple mint (Mentha suaveolens ‘Variegata’), apple mint (Mentha × rotundifolia), spearmint (Mentha spicata), orange mint (Mentha × piperita ‘Granada’) and strawberry mint (Mentha × villosa ‘Strawberry’) – were investigated for antimicrobial effects against plant pathogenic bacteria: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. corylina. The screening was carried out in vitro on agar plates filled with the target organism. All essential oils screened exhibited a higher level of antibacterial activity against A. tumefaciens and X. arboricola pv. corylina than streptomycin used as a standard in all tests. The antimicrobial effect of streptomycin and five mint oils was at the same level for P. syringae pv. syringae. There were no significant differences in the influence of the chocolate mint oil on the growth inhibition of all bacteria tested. Plant essential oils from pineapple mint, apple mint, spearmint and strawberry mint showed the weakest antimicrobial activity against P. syringae pv. syringae and the strongest towards A. tumefaciens and X. arboricola pv. corylina. The essential oils from strawberry mint, pineapple mint, spearmint and apple mint had the strongest effect on A. tumefaciens, and the lowest inhibitory activity was exhibited by the chocolate mint and orange mint essential oils. X. arboricola pv. corylina was the most sensitive to the strawberry mint, pineapple mint and spearmint oils. The chocolate mint oil showed the greatest activity against P. syringae pv. syringae.

Obtaining and Characterization of Alhagi persarum Boiss. et Buhse Callus Cell Cultures, Isoflavonoid Producers

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
D.V. Коchkin ◽  
G.I. Sobolkovа ◽  
А.А. Fоmеnkov ◽  
R.А. Sidorov ◽  
А.М. Nоsоv
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Detection ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Callus Cell

The physiological characteristics of the callus cell cultures of Alhagi persarum Boiss et Buhse, a member of the legume family, widely used in folk medicine, have been studied. It was shown that the source of the explant was an important factor in the initiation of callusogenesis: more intense callusogenesis (almost 100%) was observed for explants from various organs of sterile seedlings, rather than intact plants (less than 30%). As a result, more than 20 lines of morphologically different callus cell cultures were obtained, and the growth parameters for the 5 most intensively growing lines were determined. The composition of fatty acids (FA) of total lipids and secondary metabolites in the most physiologically stable callus line Aр-207 was analyzed. Using capillary gas-liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GLC-MS), 19 individual C12--C24 FAs were identified, the main fraction of which were palmitic (~ 23%), stearic (~ 22%), linoleic (~ 14%) and α-linolenic (~ 33%) acids. The established atypical ratio of FAs (a simultaneous high content of both saturated FAs and polyunsaturated α-linolenic acid) is possibly due to the adaptation of cells to in vitro growth conditions. Phytochemical analysis of the secondary metabolites was carried out using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection (UPLC MS). Compounds belonging to different structural groups of isoflavones were found. Aglycones (calycosin, formononetin and afrormosin isomer), glucosides (formononetin glucoside), as well as esters of glucosides (malonylglycosides of calicosin, formononetin, afrormosin isomers, glycitein and genistein) were detected. These secondary metabolites are widespread in plants of the Fabaceae family; however, isoflavones are rare in representatives of the Alhagi genus. The presence of malonylated isoflavone glycosides in Alhagi spp. was shown for the first time. endemic plant species, Alhagi, in vitro cell culture, callus cell culture, isoflavones, fatty acids All studies were carried out using the equipment of the "Experimental Biotechnological Facility" and the "All-Russian Collection of Cell Cultures of Higher Plants" of IРР RAS. This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), contract no.18-54-06021 (Az_a), and the Government of the Russian Federation, Megagrant Project no. 075-15-2019-1882.

scholarly journals In VitroActivity of Glucosinolates and Their Degradation Products against Brassica-Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 432-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sotelo ◽  
M. Lema ◽  
P. Soengas ◽  
M. E. Cartea ◽  
P. Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Soil Pathogens ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects

ABSTRACTGlucosinolates (GSLs) are secondary metabolites found inBrassicavegetables that confer on them resistance against pests and diseases. Both GSLs and glucosinolate hydrolysis products (GHPs) have shown positive effects in reducing soil pathogens. Information about theirin vitrobiocide effects is scarce, but previous studies have shown sinigrin GSLs and their associated allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) to be soil biocides. The objective of this work was to evaluate the biocide effects of 17 GSLs and GHPs and of leaf methanolic extracts of different GSL-enrichedBrassicacrops on suppressingin vitrogrowth of two bacterial (Xanthomonas campestrispv. campestris andPseudomonas syringaepv. maculicola) and two fungal (AlternariabrassicaeandSclerotiniascletoriorum)Brassicapathogens. GSLs, GHPs, and methanolic leaf extracts inhibited the development of the pathogens tested compared to the control, and the effect was dose dependent. Furthermore, the biocide effects of the different compounds studied were dependent on the species and race of the pathogen. These results indicate that GSLs and their GHPs, as well as extracts of differentBrassicaspecies, have potential to inhibit pathogen growth and offer new opportunities to study the use ofBrassicacrops in biofumigation for the control of multiple diseases.

scholarly journals NMR Metabolite Profiles in Male Meat-Eaters, Fish-Eaters, Vegetarians and Vegans, and Comparison with MS Metabolite Profiles

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Julie A. Schmidt ◽  
Georgina K. Fensom ◽  
Sabina Rinaldi ◽  
Augustin Scalbert ◽  
Marc J. Gunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Total N ◽  
Metabolite Profiles

Metabolomics may help to elucidate mechanisms underlying diet-disease relationships and identify novel risk factors for disease. To inform the design and interpretation of such research, evidence on diet-metabolite associations and cross-assay comparisons is needed. We aimed to compare nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolite profiles between meat-eaters, fish-eaters, vegetarians and vegans, and to compare NMR measurements to those from mass spectrometry (MS), clinical chemistry and capillary gas-liquid chromatography (GC). We quantified 207 serum NMR metabolite measures in 286 male participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Oxford cohort. Using univariate and multivariate analyses, we found that metabolite profiles varied by diet group, especially for vegans; the main differences compared to meat-eaters were lower levels of docosahexaenoic acid, total n-3 and saturated fatty acids, cholesterol and triglycerides in very-low-density lipoproteins, various lipid factions in high-density lipoprotein, sphingomyelins, tyrosine and creatinine, and higher levels of linoleic acid, total n-6, polyunsaturated fatty acids and alanine. Levels in fish-eaters and vegetarians differed by metabolite measure. Concentrations of 13 metabolites measured using both NMR and MS, clinical chemistry or GC were mostly similar. In summary, vegans’ metabolite profiles were markedly different to those of men consuming animal products. The studied metabolomics platforms are complementary, with limited overlap between metabolite classes.

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