Enrichment of bacteriorhodopsin with isotopically labeled amino acids by biosynthetic incorporation in Halobacterium halobium

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1181-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Helgerson ◽  
S. L. Siemsen ◽  
E. A. Dratz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Isotopic Labeling ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Integral Membrane Protein ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Halobacterium Halobium ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Complete Synthetic Medium

The growth of Halobacterium halobium was optimized in a chemically defined synthetic medium. Arginine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, tyrosine, and valine were found to be essential for growth. Optimal growth rates and cell yields were obtained when the medium was also supplemented with the nonessential amino acids alanine, asparagine, glutamic acid, glycine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, and threonine. The complete synthetic medium supported the same maximum growth rate, cell yield, and production of the integral membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin as was obtained in a complex peptone-based growth medium. Using this defined synthetic medium, isotopically labeled bacteriorhodopsin was produced with several 13C-enriched amino acids. The yield of 13C-labeled bacteriorhodopsin was greater than 35 milligrams of purified protein per litre of cell culture. Key words: bacteriorhodopsin, biosynthetic isotopic labeling, synthetic culture medium, nuclear magnetic resonance.

scholarly journals Methanobacterium aggregans sp. nov., a hydrogenotrophic methanogenic archaeon isolated from an anaerobic digester

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (Pt_6) ◽  
pp. 1975-1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Kern ◽  
Mary Linge ◽  
Michael Rother
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Strictly Anaerobic ◽  
Curved Rods

A novel, strictly anaerobic, hydrogenotrophic methanogen, strain E09F.3T, was isolated from a commercial biogas plant in Germany. Cells of E09F.3T were Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, slightly curved rods, long chains of which formed large aggregates consisting of intertwined bundles of chains. Cells utilized H2+CO2 and, to a lesser extent, formate as substrates for growth and methanogenesis. The optimal growth temperature was around 40 °C; maximum growth rate was obtained at pH around 7.0 with approximately 6.8 mM NaCl. The DNA G+C content of strain E09F.3T was 39.1 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and mcrA gene sequences placed strain E09F.3T within the genus Methanobacterium. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain E09F.3T was closely related to Methanobacterium congolense CT but morphological, physiological and genomic characteristics indicated that strain E09F.3T represents a novel species. The name Methanobacterium aggregans sp. nov. is proposed for this novel species, with strain E09F.3T ( = DSM 29428T = JCM 30569T) as the type strain.

A SYNTHETIC MEDIUM FOR EXTREMELY HALOPHILIC BACTERIA

1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Onishi ◽  
Margaret E. McCance ◽  
N. E. Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Complex Medium ◽  
Halobacterium Halobium ◽  
Halobacterium Salinarium ◽  
Cell Densities

A synthetic medium, made up of 15 amino acids, adenylic and uridylic acid, glycerol, asparagine or ammonium chloride, and various salts, has been developed for halophilic bacteria. Halobacterium cutirubrum and Sarcina litoralis grew as well in this medium as in a complex medium containing casein hydrolysate and yeast extract. Growth of Halobacterium halobium, Halobacterium salinarium, and Sarcina morrhuae was slower in the synthetic medium and the final cell densities were not as great as in the complex medium.

scholarly journals Amino acid composition of proteins in halophilic phototrophic bacteria of the genus Ectothiorhodospira

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1675-1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes F. Imhoff ◽  
Donn J. Kushner ◽  
Peter J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Halobacterium Halobium ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Low Salt

The amino acid composition of total proteins of eight Ectothiorhodospira strains with different salt optima and of separated membranes of selected strains have been determined. Amino acid compositions were compared with those reported for nonhalophilic phototrophic and heterotrophic bacteria and Halobacterium halobium. The membrane fractions from Ectothiorhodospira strains requiring high salt for maximum growth contained more polar and less nonpolar amino acids than strains with low salt requirements or nonhalophilic bacteria. The content of intermediate amino acids increased with the increasing halophilic properties of the Ectothiorhodospira strains. Proteins which function in high-salt environments may therefore require such compositions to maintain their structures in highly ionic solutions.

Components in brain heart infusion selective for chromogenic variants of Staphylococcus aureus

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph T. Parisi ◽  
Michael P. Kiley
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Complete Synthetic Medium ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Large numbers of chromogenic variants were isolated from cultures of a parent strain of Staphylococcus aureus growing in the dialysate but not in the residue of brain heart infusion (Difco). Gas–liquid chromatographic analysis of the dialysate detected 18 amino acids in this medium. Large numbers of chromogenic variants also were isolated from 13 of 18 synthetic media deficient in a single amino acid but not in the complete synthetic medium containing all 18 amino acids. Gas–liquid chromatographic analysis detected marked quantitative differences in the amino acid metabolites present in a complete synthetic medium and the synthetic medium deficient in arginine after growth for 12 days. The data suggest that differences in the amino acid metabolism of the parent and chromogenic variants could account for the population changes observed in brain heart infusion.

scholarly journals Novel Psychropiezophilic Oceanospirillales Species Profundimonas piezophila gen. nov., sp. nov., Isolated from the Deep-Sea Environment of the Puerto Rico Trench

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Cao ◽  
Roger A. Chastain ◽  
Emiley A. Eloe ◽  
Yuichi Nogi ◽  
Chiaki Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Family

ABSTRACTThe diversity of deep-sea high-pressure-adapted (piezophilic) microbes in isolated monoculture remains low. In this study, a novel obligately psychropiezophilic bacterium was isolated from seawater collected from the Puerto Rico Trench at a depth of ∼6,000 m. This isolate, designated YC-1, grew best in a nutrient-rich marine medium, with an optimal growth hydrostatic pressure of 50 MPa (range, 20 to 70 MPa) at 8°C. Under these conditions, the maximum growth rate was extremely slow, 0.017 h−1, and the maximum yield was 3.51 × 107cells ml−1. Cell size and shape changed with pressure, shifting from 4.0 to 5.0 μm in length and 0.5 to 0.8 μm in width at 60 MPa to 0.8- to 1.0-μm diameter coccoid cells under 20 MPa, the minimal pressure required for growth. YC-1 is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic heterotroph. Its predominant cellular fatty acids are the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) C16:1and C18:1. Unlike many other psychropiezophiles, YC-1 does not synthesize any polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Phylogenetic analysis placed YC-1 within the family ofOceanospirillaceae, closely related to the uncultured symbiont of the deep-sea whale bone-eating worms of the genusOsedax. In common with some other members of theOceanospirillales, including those enriched during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, YC-1 is capable of hydrocarbon utilization. On the basis of its characteristics, YC-1 appears to represent both a new genus and a new species, which we nameProfundimonas piezophilagen. nov., sp. nov.

THE NUTRITION OF VIBRIO COSTICOLUS: I. A SIMPLIFIED SYNTHETIC MEDIUM

1962 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 923-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Flannery ◽  
Dianne M. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Potassium Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Liquid Synthetic Medium

A liquid synthetic medium is described in which Vibrio costicolus grows well in 24 hours. The medium contains glucose, L-cystine, L-glutamic acid, L-arginine, DL-valine, DL-isoleucine, potassium phosphate buffer, magnesium sulphate, sodium nitrate, and sodium chloride. The addition of 10 vitamins, 3 bases, 14 amino acids, and 5 salts did not improve the medium. No growth was obtained if cystine, glucose, or sodium chloride was omitted from the medium. The remaining constituents of the simplified medium were not essential but were found necessary for maximum growth. An amino acid antagonism was observed between valine and isoleucine. When added alone, either amino acid depressed the growth response, but when added together they were stimulatory.

A CHEMICALLY DEFINED MEDIUM FOR HALOBACTERIUM SALINARIUM STRAIN 1

1963 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian D. Dundas ◽  
V. R. Srinivasan ◽  
H. Orin Halvorson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Halobacterium Salinarium ◽  
Complex Media ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine

A chemically defined medium has been composed for Halobacterium salinarium strain 1. The medium consists of inorganic salts, 10 amino acids (lysine, arginine, proline, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and glutamine) and cytidylic acid. The amino acids valine, methionine, isoleucine, and leucine are found to be essential for growth in this medium. Growth rates in the synthetic medium are not as high as those obtained in complex media. The medium allows growth of several halophilic organisms.

scholarly journals LATENT VIRAL INFECTION OF CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURE

1958 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 617-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Bader ◽  
Herbert R. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Virus Propagation ◽  
Virus Growth ◽  
Latent Viral Infection ◽  
Complete Synthetic Medium ◽  
Stimulation Of

Mouse fibroblasts (L cells) fail to support the growth of psittacosis virus (6BC strain) if they are maintained on a medium containing only inorganic salts and glucose for 2 days prior to infection. Virus propagation can be stimulated by the addition of a synthetic medium containing amino acids, water-soluble vitamins, glutamine, glucose, and inorganic salts. By omitting single amino acids from the complete synthetic medium, tyrosine, threonine, methionine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, leucine, valine, and cysteine or cystine were found to be essential for stimulation, while lysine, arginine, histidine, hydroxyproline, proline, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, serine, alanine, and glycine were not essential. The cells on deficient media showed varying degrees of degenerative changes, but there was little correlation between ability to support psittacosis virus growth and morphologic condition of the cells. Glucose is also an essential component of the medium for viral growth, but the absence of glutamine had no effect on stimulation of virus propagation. L cell cultures maintained on media deficient in phenylalanine or tryptophan for 2 days before infection were also found to be incapable of supporting virus growth. The implications of this study in latent viral infections are discussed.

Mineral nutrition, dinitrogen fixation, and growth of Alnuscrispa and Alnusglutinosa

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 855-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Prégent ◽  
C. Camiré
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Dinitrogen Fixation ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
N Status

Invitro cultures of Alnuscrispa (Ait.) Pursh and Alnusglutinosa (L.) Gaertn. were used to estimate critical foliage levels of selected nutrients for optimal growth and dinitrogen (N2) fixation. For A. crispa to obtain 90% of maximum growth and N2 fixation, foliar levels of 0.12% P, 0.13% Mg, <0.31% K, and <0.04% Ca on a dry weight basis were needed. For A. glutinosa, the critical levels were 0.138% P, 0.10% Mg, 0.29% Ca, and ~0.20% K. From all the deficiencies observed, P had the more pronounced effects on N status of both species.

scholarly journals Optimizing of Microalgae Scenedesmus sp. Biomass Production in Wet Market Wastewater Using Response Surface Methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2216
Author(s):  
Najeeha Mohd Apandi ◽  
Mimi Suliza Muhamad ◽  
Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed ◽  
Norshuhaila Mohamed Sunar ◽  
Adel Al-Gheethi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Aeration Rate ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Wet Market ◽  
Central Composite

The present study aimed to optimize the production of Scenedesmus sp. biomass during the phycoremediation process. The biomass productivity was optimized using face centred central composite design (FCCCD) in response surface methodology (RSM) as a function of two independent variables that included wet market wastewater concentrations (A) with a range of 10% to 75% and aeration rate (B) with a range of 0.02 to 4.0 L/min. The results revealed that the highest biomass productivity (73 mg/L/d) and maximum growth rate (1.19 day−1) was achieved with the 64.26% of (A) and 3.08 L/min of (B). The GC-MS composition analysis of the biomass yield extract revealed that the major compounds are hexadecane (25%), glaucine (16.2%), and phytol (8.33%). The presence of these compounds suggests that WMW has the potential to be used as a production medium for Scenedesmus sp. Biomass, which has several applications in the pharmaceutical and chemical industry.

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