The resonant scattering of gamma radiation from lead isotopes

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1021-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Knowles ◽  
A. M. Khan ◽  
W. F. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Compton Scattering ◽  
Scattered Radiation ◽  
Lead Isotopes ◽  
Resonant Scattering ◽  
Aluminum Plate ◽  
Γ Radiation ◽  
Energy Beam ◽  
Scattering Measurements ◽  
Variable Energy

The scattering of gamma radiation from different isotopic mixtures of lead has been measured between 4.7 and 8.3 MeV with a variable energy beam with 175 keV resolution obtained by Compton scattering (n,γ) radiation of nickel from a curved aluminum plate. The elastically scattered radiation was detected with a 12.5 cm diameter, 12.5 cm long NaI(Tl) and with 27 or 49 cm3 Ge(Li) detectors located at scattering angles of 135° and 90°, respectively. Relative scattering measurements from targets of natural lead, radio-lead, and lead enriched in 208Pb show that the most prominent peaks of natural lead are in 208Pb at 7332.6 ± 1.3, 7087.7 ± 4.6, 7064.4 ± 3.5, 6721.0 ± 1.8, 5507.6 ± 1.8, 5292.6 ± 3.3, 4836.5 ± 4.6 keV. Measurements of resonant scattering and resonant self-absorption of the more intense scattered radiations provide information on level widths.

scholarly journals Modeling and Reconstruction Strategy for Compton Scattering Tomography with Scintillation Crystals

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 641
Author(s):  
Lorenz Kuger ◽  
Gael Rigaud
Keyword(s):  
Compton Scattering ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Scattered Radiation ◽  
Compton Effect ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
Scintillation Crystals ◽  
Reconstruction Strategy ◽  
Variable Energy

The recent development of energy-resolved scintillation crystals opens the way to build novel imaging concepts based on the variable energy. Among them, Compton scattering tomography (CST) is one of the most ambitious concepts. Akin to Computerized Tomography (CT), it consists in probing the attenuation map of an object of interest using external ionizing sources but strives to exploit the scattered radiation as an imaging agent. For medical applications, the scattered radiation represents 70 to 80% when the energy of the source is larger than 100 keV and results from the Compton effect. This phenomenon stands for the collision of a photon with an electron and rules the change of course and loss of energy undergone by the photon. In this article, we propose a modeling for the scattered radiation assuming polychromatic sources such as 60Co and scintillation crystals such as LBC:Ce. Further, we design a general strategy for reconstructing the electron density of the target specimen. Our results are illustrated for toy objects.

Nuclear Resonant Scattering of Gamma Radiation of Variable Energy

1963 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 361-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Mouton ◽  
J. P. F. Sellschop ◽  
G. Wiechers
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Resonant Scattering ◽  
Nuclear Resonant Scattering ◽  
Variable Energy

scholarly journals Facile preparation of new polystyrene leucomalachite green thick films and study of their radiochromic behavior for low doses of gamma radiation

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Anuradha Bera ◽  
Shatrughan Malav ◽  
Bajrang Lal Tiwari ◽  
Shyam Govind Vaijapurkar
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Thick Films ◽  
Radiation Processing ◽  
Γ Radiation ◽  
Dye Loading ◽  
Leucomalachite Green ◽  
Colour Development ◽  
Green Coloration ◽  
Potential Use

Colourless polystyrene-leucomalachite green (PS-LMG) thick films containing a suitable chloroalkane were prepared by a fast and facile casting method, and were investigated for their radio chromic response behavior under the influence of 1.25 MeV γ-radiation. Their gamma response was studied in the 0.05 kGy to 10 kGy range to evaluate their suitability for potential use as the dosimeter in the radiation processing industries. The films were found to undergo a visibly distinct green coloration in the studied range, with the colour intensity increasing with an increase in the total dose. The radiochromic response of these films when investigated as a function of film thickness showed that the colour development as well as the linearity of the response was markedly affected by the thickness of the films. The effect of dye loading and the chloroalkane concentration on the radiochromic response of these films were also investigated. Depending upon the film thickness and reactant concentrations, the films were found to be capable of visually detecting gamma radiation doses as low as few tens of grays.

Defect Annihilation in Czochralski-Grown Silicon During Out-Diffusion Process Probed with Variable-Energy Positron Beam

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kitano ◽  
L. Wei ◽  
Y. Tabuki ◽  
S. Tanigawa ◽  
H. Mikoshiba
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Diffusion Process ◽  
Grown Crystal ◽  
Positron Beam ◽  
Defect Concentration ◽  
Energy Beam ◽  
Oxygen Cluster ◽  
Variable Energy ◽  
Oxygen Atoms

ABSTRACTThe defect annihilation in CZ-crystal was first detected during the process of oxygen out-diffusion, by the positron measurements with a variable-energy beam. The defects, which were related to oxygen atoms such as oxygen cluster, were mainly annihilated at the high temperature, ex., 1150°C. The defect concentration was decreasing down to one tenth, compared with that for an as-grown crystal.

scholarly journals Differential expression of NPM, GSTA3, and GNMT in mouse liver following long-term in vivo irradiation by means of uranium tailings

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Yi ◽  
Hongxiang Mu ◽  
Nan Hu ◽  
Jing Sun ◽  
Jie Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Γ Radiation ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Uranium Tailings

Uranium tailings (UT) are formed as a byproduct of uranium mining and are of potential risk to living organisms. In the present study, we sought to identify potential biomarkers associated with chronic exposure to low dose rate γ radiation originating from UT. We exposed C57BL/6J mice to 30, 100, or 250 μGy/h of gamma radiation originating from UT samples. Nine animals were included in each treatment group. We observed that the liver central vein was significantly enlarged in mice exposed to dose rates of 100 and 250 μGy/h, when compared with nonirradiated controls. Using proteomic techniques, we identified 18 proteins that were differentially expressed (by a factor of at least 2.5-fold) in exposed animals, when compared with controls. We chose glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT), glutathione S-transferase A3 (GSTA3), and nucleophosmin (NPM) for further investigations. Our data showed that GNMT (at 100 and 250 μGy/h) and NPM (at 250 μGy/h) were up-regulated, and GSTA3 was down-regulated in all of the irradiated groups, indicating that their expression is modulated by chronic gamma radiation exposure. GNMT, GSTA3, and NPM may therefore prove useful as biomarkers of gamma radiation exposure associated with UT. The mechanisms underlying those changes need to be further studied.

scholarly journals GAMMA-RADIATION SPECTRA OF 1200 MeV ELECTRONS IN THICK BERYLLIUM, SILICON AND TUNGSTEN SINGLE CRYSTALS

2019 ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
G. L. Bochek ◽  
O. S. Deiev ◽  
V. I. Kulibaba ◽  
N. I. Maslov ◽  
V. D. Ovchinnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Angular Distributions ◽  
Γ Radiation ◽  
Radiation Spectra ◽  
Solid Angles ◽  
Crystallographic Axes ◽  
And Tungsten

Gamma radiation spectra of 1200 MeV electrons from the single crystals of the beryllium 1.2 mm thick, silicon 1.5 mm and 15 mm thick and tungsten 1.18 mm thick along of the crystallographic axes were measured. Also spectral-angular distributions of gamma radiation from the silicon single crystals 1.5 mm thick along of the crystallographic axes < 100 >, < 110 > and < 111 > were measured. On the basis of these measurements the γ-radiation spectra for the different solid angles up to 6.97 × 10−6 sr were obtained.

scholarly journals Gamma Flux in 14C Laboratories

Radiocarbon ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Páll Theodórsson ◽  
Lauri Kaihola ◽  
H. H. Loosli ◽  
José M. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Radiation Flux ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Cosmogenic Nuclides ◽  
Collaborative Group ◽  
Counting System ◽  
Γ Radiation ◽  
Gamma Flux ◽  
Anticoincidence Counting

An informal collaborative group of radiocarbon dating laboratories, the Low-Level Club, has been established to measure the gamma radiation flux and to test the efficiency of the anticoincidence counting system in laboratories with a NaI detector unit. The detector will record gamma radiation from cosmogenic nuclides, muons and secondary γ radiation formed in the passive shield by charged cosmic-ray particles. We present here the first phase of this work.

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