ESSENTIAL OILS AND THEIR CONSTITUENTS: XXIX. THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF MARIHUANA: COMPOSITION OF GENUINE INDIAN CANNABIS SATIVA L.

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 3372-3376 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Nigam ◽  
K. L. Handa ◽  
I. C. Nigam ◽  
Leo Levi
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Unsaturated Ketone ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Linalool Oxide

The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of freshly harvested Indian Cannabis sativa L. was found to contain the following constituents that have not previously been reported: α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, α-terpinene, β-phellandrene, γ-terpinene, linalool, trans-linalool oxide, sabinene hydrate, α-bergamotene, terpinene-4-ol, β-farnesene, α-terpineol, α-selinene, curcumene, and caryophyllene oxide. The presence of trace amounts of two alcohols and of an α,β-unsaturated ketone, for which gas chromatographic and spectral characteristics are recorded, was also detected.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of the Chemical Profiles of the Essential Oils of Ripe and Rotten Fruits of Citrus Aurantifolia Swingle

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Afolayan ◽  
Olayinka T. Asekun
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Citrus Aurantifolia ◽  
Linalool Oxide ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
Fruit Oil

Most often during the processing of lime fruits for essential oil extraction, rotten fruits are used along with ripe ones. In this study, we examine the volatile constituents of the essential oils from both ripe and rotten lime fruits (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) from Nigeria. The oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed using GC-MS. The ripe and rotten lime oils contained 55 and 49 components, respectively. Both oils were rich in limonene (21.0%, ripe lime; 21.3% rotten lime), α-terpineol (11.7%, ripe; 14.1%, rotten), terpinene (8.3%, ripe; 8.9% rotten lime), α–terpinolene (2.5%, ripe; 8.5%, rotten) and ( E)-α-farnesene (6.3% ripe lime; 4.8% rotten lime). The other major components, α-pinene (11.1%), and linalool (5.5%) were identified in ripe lime oil only. Limonene and citral, which are believed to be the two major citrus odour contributors, were present in both ripe and rotten lime oils. Aldehydes like decanal and the farnesenes, which are also important in citrus flavor, were represented in both lime oils. Some notable components of ripe lime fruit oil, like trans-β-ocimene, linalool, myrcenol, dodecanal, trans-β–bergamotene and trans-γ–bisabolene, were absent in the rotten fruit oil. It could be suggested that some compounds like cis-ocimene, trans-linalool oxide, p-mentha-3-en-1-ol, mentha-1,4,8-triene, citronellal, trans- β–bergamotene and α–copaene, which were not identified in the ripe fruit oil, were introduced into the lime oil by the incorporation of rotten fruits in the distilled samples.

scholarly journals Two Distinct Essential Oil Bearing Races of Tanacetum nubigenum Wallich ex DC from Kumaon Himalaya

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0700200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandan S. Chanotiya ◽  
Chandra S. Mathela
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
2D Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Kumaon Himalaya ◽  
Linalool Oxide ◽  
Total Oil

The essential oil from the aerial parts of Tanacetum nubigenum Wallich ex DC collected from the Milam glacier moraine showed the presence of 73 compounds, of which 69, representing 87.9% of the total oil, have been identified, with bornyl acetate (39.7%), borneol (10.6%), ( E)-β-farnesene (6.6%) and 1,8-cineole (5.8%) as major constituents, while the oil from the plant material from the Pindari glacier area contained a total of 81 compounds, of which 77 have been identified. This oil was characterized by the presence of (3 R, 6 R)-linalool oxide acetate (69.4%), β-eudesmol (3.2%), selin-11-en-4α-ol (3.2%) and (3.2% and 1.2%, respectively) for compounds ( E) and ( Z)-2-(2,4-hexadiynylidene)-1,6-dioxospiro [4,4] non-3-ene, respectively. The major constituents of the essential oils from the aerial parts were separated and characterized by GC, GC/MS and 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy. The chemical differences between the two essential oils place them as distinct chemical races or chemotypes.

scholarly journals Industrial, CBD, and Wild Hemp: How Different Are Their Essential Oil Profile and Antimicrobial Activity?

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 4631
Author(s):  
Valtcho D. Zheljazkov ◽  
Vladimir Sikora ◽  
Ivayla Dincheva ◽  
Miroslava Kačániová ◽  
Tess Astatkie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Total Oil ◽  
Industrial Hemp ◽  
Selection Of

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is currently one of the most controversial and promising crops. This study compared nine wild hemp (C. sativa spp. spontanea V.) accessions with 13 registered cultivars, eight breeding lines, and one cannabidiol (CBD) hemp strain belonging to C. sativa L. The first three groups had similar main essential oil (EO) constituents, but in different concentrations; the CBD hemp had a different EO profile. The concentration of the four major constituents in the industrial hemp lines and wild hemp accessions varied as follows: β-caryophyllene 11–22% and 15.4–29.6%; α-humulene 4.4–7.6% and 5.3–11.9%; caryophyllene oxide 8.6–13.7% and 0.2–31.2%; and humulene epoxide 2, 2.3–5.6% and 1.2–9.5%, respectively. The concentration of CBD in the EO of wild hemp varied from 6.9 to 52.4% of the total oil while CBD in the EO of the registered cultivars varied from 7.1 to 25%; CBD in the EO of the breeding lines and in the CBD strain varied from 6.4 to 25% and 7.4 to 8.8%, respectively. The concentrations of δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the EO of the three groups of hemp were significantly different, with the highest concentration being 3.5%. The EO of wild hemp had greater antimicrobial activity compared with the EO of registered cultivars. This is the first report to show that significant amounts of CBD could be accumulated in the EO of wild and registered cultivars of hemp following hydro-distillation. The amount of CBD in the EO can be greater than that in the EO of the USA strain used for commercial production of CBD. Furthermore, this is among the first reports that show greater antimicrobial activity of the EO of wild hemp vs. the EO of registered cultivars. The results suggest that wild hemp may offer an excellent opportunity for future breeding and the selection of cultivars with a desirable composition of the EO and possibly CBD-rich EO production.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of essential oil extracted from leaves of Campomanesia adamantium subjected to different hydrodistillation times

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Dantas de Oliveira ◽  
Daniely Karen Matias Alves ◽  
Mayker Lazaro Dantas Miranda ◽  
José Milton Alves ◽  
Marcelo Nogueira Xavier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT: Campomanesia adamantium is a native fruit species of the Cerrado and is used in food and medicines and as bee pasture. The chemical composition of essential oils obtained from plants of the same species have varying constituent proportions due to the influence of extractive factors, environmental, genetic and ontogenetic. This study aimed to identify the influence of hydrodistillation time on the content and chemical composition of essential oil extracted from the leaves of C. adamantium . Treatments consisted of five extraction times (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5h) using Clevenger with five replications in a completely randomized design. It was observed that after two hours of hydrodistillation, the essential oil content remains constant. Regarding the chemical constituents of essential oil, variation of the proportions of the compounds tested occurred at all hydrodistillation times. The compounds spathulenol oxygenated sesquiterpenes and caryophyllene oxide were the majority in the five hydrodistillation times.

Essential oil composition of two yarrow taxonomic forms

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asta Judzentiene ◽  
Danute Mockute
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Achillea Millefolium ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Plant Organs ◽  
First Time

AbstractDifferences in essential oil composition of wild Achillea millefolium L., collected at five habitats in Lithuania, where plants with pink (f. rosea) and white (f. millefolium) flowers grow together, were reported. For the first time, oils of different plant organs (inflorescences and leaves) of both forms from every population were analysed in detail. Chemical analysis was performed by GC and GC-MS. The most predominant constituents of the oils were nerolidol (9.4–31.9%, in 11 out of 20 samples), caryophyllene oxide (8.4–23.0%, 4 leaf oils), ß-pinene (8.0–15.2%, 2 samples), eudesmol (11.8–15.8%, 2 leaf oils) and 1,8-cineole (11.9%, one inflorescence oil). Domination of nerolidol was mostly characteristic of A. millefolium f. rosea essential oils (in 8 out of 10 oils). The inflorescences biosynthesised markedly larger amounts of nerolidol and ß-pinene than those of the leaves. An opposite correlation was observed for caryophyllene oxide and eudesmol. Chamazulene (≤2.7%) was determined only in six oils. The 65 identified constituents made up 75.4–96.5% of the oils.

Terpenoid chemistry. XVII. ( - )-Ngaoine, a toxic constituent of Myoporum deserti. The absolute configuration of ( - )-Ngaione

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
BF Hegarty ◽  
JR Kelly ◽  
RJ Park ◽  
MD Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Optically Active ◽  
Unsaturated Ketone ◽  
Unsaturated Ketones ◽  
Chemical Race ◽  
Toxic Constituent

Varieties of the shrub Myoporum deserti A. Cunn. (Ellangowan poison bush), which causes heavy losses of stock in inland Australia, yield at least nine different essential oils, most of which are toxic. One oil from plant material of the Longreach chemical race from Blackall, Clermont, Hannaford, Longreach, Meandarra, Moree, and Roma contains the toxic furanoid sesquiterpene ketone, (-)-ngaione, as the principal constituent while two others (the Mitchell and the Blackall races) contain lesser proportions of ngaione. (-)-Ngaione comprises over half of the essential oil of a "greenish leaf" variety of Eremophila latrobei F. Nuell. and a low proportion of the oil of a "silver leaf" variety of the same species. The trans isomer of ngaione [(-)-epingaione], present in low concentration in some of these essential oils, is formed from ( -)-ngaione during fractional distillation or more rapidly by base-catalysed epimerization. "Isongaione acetate" prepared from (-)-ngaione by treatment with acetic anhydride-sodium acetate is shown to be a mixture of a, β- and β, γ-unsaturated ketones and obtainable in optically active form contrary to literature statements. Oxidation of the optically active β,γ-unsaturated ketone yields (-) acetylmalic acid from which it follows that (-)-ngaione is l(S),4(R)-β-(4,8-dimethyl-6-oxo-1,4-epoxynonyl)furan, ipomeamarone is the 1(R),4(S) enantiomer, and (-)-epingaione is the 1(S),4(S) isomer.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oils of Blainvillea Rhomboidea (Asteraceae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0600100
Author(s):  
Andreza Maria L. Pires ◽  
Maria Rose Jane R. Albuquerque ◽  
Edson P. Nunes ◽  
Vânia M. M. Melo ◽  
Edilberto R. Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Leaf Oil

The essential oils of Blainvellea rhomboidea (Asteraceae) were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/MS and GC/FID. Initially, the essential oil from the aerial parts was investigated. From the 18 identified components, 5-indanol (14.5%) followed by p-cymen-8-ol (10.1%), β-caryophyllene (9.6%), caryophyllene oxide (9.6%), limonene (8.6%), terpinolene (7.8%), and spathulenol (7.7%) were the major constituents. The oil was tested against seven bacterial strains and the results showed significant antimicrobial activity. As a consequence, the essential oils from leaves and from flowers were analyzed separately. The major constituents of the leaf oil were terpinolene (21.2%), β-caryophyllene (19.2%), spathulenol (9.1%), caryophyllene oxide (7.4%), and bicyclogermacrene (7.1%), while the oil of the flowers contained terpinolene (28.1%), 5-indanol (16.3%), p-cymen-8-ol (15.3%) and limonene (14.7%) as prevalent compounds. The oils were tested against the same bacterial strains and the flower oil was the more active. These results indicated that the components of the essential oil from flowers seem to be responsible for the activity.

scholarly journals Constituents of Essential Oils from the Leaf and Flower of Plumeria alba Grown in Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladipupo A. Lawal ◽  
Isiaka A. Ogunwande ◽  
Andy R. Opoku
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
The Other ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
First Report ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Phenyl Acetaldehyde

This paper reports on the compounds identified in the leaf and flower essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of Plumeria alba L. (Apocynaceae) grown in Nigeria. The chemical analysis of the essential oils was achieved by means of gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Linalool (13.2%), n-nonanal (9.6%), phenyl acetaldehyde (8.5%), neryl acetone (5.3%) and n-decanal (5.1%) were the main constituents of the leaf oil. On the other hand, the flower oil comprised mainly of limonene (9.1%), linalool (7.9%), α-cedrene (8.0%), caryophyllene oxide (7.9%) and ( E, E)-α-farnesene (6.6%). This is the first report on the essential oil constituents of P. alba.

The chemical composition, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities of Pycnocycla spinosa and Pycnocyla flabellifolia essential oils

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 403-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohaddese Mahboubi ◽  
Elaheh Mahdizadeh ◽  
Rezvan Heidary Tabar
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Dilution Assay ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Broth Dilution

Abstract The purpose of our study was to compare the chemical compositions and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Pycnocycla spinosa and Pycnocycla flabellifolia essential oils. cis-Asarone (62.5%) and widdra-2,4(14)-diene (9%) were the main components of P. spinosa aerial part essential oil, while elemicin (60.1%) and caryophyllene oxide (9.8%) were the main components of P. spinosa seed essential oil. α-Phellandrene (25.5%), p-cymene (15.3%), and limonene (13.3%) were found in P. flabellifolia essential oil. The inhibition zone diameters for P. flabellifolia essential oil were significantly higher than for the two other essential oils from P. spinosa (p<0.05). In broth dilution assay (µL/mL), the sensitive microorganism to Pycnocycla sp. (P. spinosa, P. flabellifolia) was Aspergillus niger, followed by Candida albicans. In 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) system, P. spinosa aerial parts essential oil (IC50=548 µg/mL) had higher antioxidant activity than that of two other essential oils.

scholarly journals Composition of Essential Oils in Turmeric Rhizome

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxmi Devkota ◽  
Meena Rajbhandari
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Finger Printing

Turmeric has been recognized as a pharmaceutical crop. It is valuable primarily for essential oil and curcumin content. Chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from the rhizome of turmeric was determined by GC/MS technique. More than 75 compounds were detected and 67 of them were identified. They accounted for 98.59% of essential oil. The essential oil contained 15 monoterpenes (5.58%), 43 sesquiterpenes (84.37%) and 10 nonterpenic components (8.64%). The major constituents were ß-turmeron, a-turmeron, Epi-a-patschutene, ß-sesquiphellandrene, 1,4-dimethyl-2-isobutylbenzene, (±)-dihydro-ar-turmerone, zingiberene, E-a-atlantone and (-)-caryophyllene oxide. Thin layer chromatographic finger printing and quantitative determination of phenolics in acetone extract of commercially available turmeric samples were carried out using Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method. Gallic acid was used as the standard for the estimation of phenolics. All the investigated turmeric extracts contained relatively high amount of phenolics.Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 16, No.1 (2015) pp. 87-94

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