Total wood, sapwood, and heartwood in branch bases of three conifers

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1332-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Kyker-Snowman ◽  
Brayton F. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sapwood Area ◽  
Poor Predictor ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Branch Wood ◽  
Best Estimates

Branches were cut from forest-grown, 15- to 85-year-old Picearubens, Pinusstrobus, and Tsugacanadensis trees. For 1139 branches we measured (i) cross-sectional sapwood, colored heartwood, and total wood areas at the branch base, (ii) dry weight of the needles and wood, and (iii) age. Branch age was a poor predictor of wood areas at the branch base. Regression analysis showed that branch wood dry weight was the best predictor of total wood area. Sapwood area was predicted equally well by needle dry weight or as a percentage of total wood area. The prediction was improved by using needle dry weight plus total wood area as variables. The mean ratio of sapwood area to needle dry weight was 0.72 mm2/g for Picearubens, 1.19 mm2/g for Tsugacanadensis, and 1.62 mm2/g for Pinusstrobus. Colored heartwood formed in the center of all branches older than 8 years. Heartwood area was a greater proportion of total wood area in older branches than in younger branches of any given tree, although absolute heartwood area was as variable as total wood area. The best estimates of heartwood area were obtained by subtracting estimates of sapwood area from total wood area. Heartwood area of the oldest branches (8–46 years) from each tree was 7–96% of total wood area at the branch base.

scholarly journals Proposing an Endotracheal Tube Selection Tool Based on Multivariate Analysis of Airway Imaging

2020 ◽  
pp. 014556131990039
Author(s):  
Yousef Aljathlany ◽  
Abdullah Aljasser ◽  
Abdullah Alhelali ◽  
Manal Bukhari ◽  
Mohammed Almohizea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: We aimed to comprehensively investigate different upper airway segments in adults, determine the predictors of the size of each segment, and identify an appropriate endotracheal tube (ETT) size chart. Study Design: Retrospective chart review. Setting: Tertiary care center. Materials and Methods: The data for patients aged >18 years who underwent neck computed tomography were screened. Patients with existing tumors, trauma, or any pathology that can alter the normal airway anatomy and those with intubation, tracheostomy, or nasogastric tubes were excluded. Computed tomography software was used to measure the anteroposterior diameter (APD), transverse diameter (TD), and cross-sectional area (CSA) at the glottic, proximal subglottic, distal subglottic, and tracheal levels. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of the airway size. Results: One hundred patients were reviewed. The TD was consistently smaller than or equal to the APD at each level in all but 3 patients. The mean CSA and TD (170 mm2 and 11.3 mm, respectively) of the glottis indicated that the glottis was most often the narrowest level, followed by the proximal subglottis where the mean CSA and TD were 192.1 mm2 and 12.7 mm, respectively. Moreover, the mean APD was the smallest at the level of the trachea (20.1 mm). Multiple regression analysis confirmed that height and sex were the predominant predictors of measurements for the 4 airway segments. In addition, age was associated with the TD and CSA of the distal subglottic and tracheal segments, respectively. Conclusion: One-third of our participants exhibited a proximal subglottic diameter that was equal to or smaller than the glottic diameter. Our findings also suggested that the height and sex of the patients are important variables for the selection of an appropriate ETT size.

scholarly journals P0160HOW TO MANAGE INTRADIALYTIC HYPERTENSION?

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramia BENHAMOU ◽  
Hajar ELASSAS ◽  
Meriem Chettati ◽  
Wafaa Fadili ◽  
Inass Laouad
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Predominance ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Great Solution ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background and Aims Hypertension in subjects on long term dialysis is frequent. Intradialytic hypertension affects up to 20% of hemodialysis patients and occurs more frequently in patients who are older, have lower dry weights, are prescribed more antihypertensive medications. Elevated BP detected by home or ambulatory BP monitoring is clearly associated with shorter survival. Method We realized a cross sectional study in two hemodialysis center patients during october 2019. We compared two groups of patients: group 1 with HTA (HTA+) and the second without (HTA-). Prevalence of hypertension intra dialysis (increase in systolic BP > 15mmHg during dialysis) was determined by blood pressure recordings every thirty minutes during hemodialysis. We collect information about prescription patients (bolus dose of IV nicardipine or administration of captopril orally) after HTA inicident. We collected and analyzed datas of 1476 hemodialysis sessions for 123 patients. Results The mean age of your patients was 46 ± 26,3 years with a female predominance. The mean duration of hemodialysis was 9,8 years. The initial nephropathy was hypertensive in 14,6%. 44,7% (n=55) patients used at least one antihypertensive treatment (HTA+ group), in 72,7% calcic inhibitor. Hypertension crisis in HTA+ group was higher than HTA- group, respectively 37,9% and 4,7% (p=0,0002). Concerning HTA+ group, in 9,35% of cases patients receveid IV bolus of nicardipine, 7,9% captopril and 17,9% of cases have not receveid any antihypertensive medication. In HTA- group they receveid IV nicardipine on only 2,5% cases and no drugs in half of all cases. Patients who were older and receive erythropoietin-stimulating agents were more likely to exhibit an increase in SPB despite similar amounts of ultrafiltration in each groups. It appears HTA- group had better control of hypertension crisis in 77,5% versus 65,5% in HTA+ group, at 20minutes of crisis (p= 0,004). Administration of captopril in the both group allowed better control of hypertension 90% (HTA+ group) and 84,2%(HTA- group). Hypertension crisis was more controlled in group with high ultrafiltration rate with administration of captopril . Conclusion Use of ACE inhibitors during dialysis to manage hypertension crisis appears a great solution and confirm hypothesis of activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. Treatment of intradialytic hypertension may include careful attention to dry weight, avoidance of dialyzable antihypertensive medications, limiting the use of high calcium dialysate, achieving adequate sodium solute removal during hemodialysis, and using medications which inhibit the rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system or which lower endothelin 1.

Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among 28,000 employees

VASA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Scheerbaum ◽  
Constantin Langenbach ◽  
Petra Scheerbaum ◽  
Franziska Heidemann ◽  
Henrik C. Rieß ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
The Mean

Abstract. Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in Germany. The knowledge of causal risk factors and their distribution is of utmost importance to design screening programs. Probands and methods: In this cross-sectional study design we used STROBE criteria to achieve the highest comparability possible. Anthropometric measures (height and weight), total cholesterol, glucose level, and blood pressure were measured. Probands’ history was collected by using a standardized questionnaire. The data was age- and gender-adjusted for the working population 16 to 70 years of age, derived from the micro census, the 1 %-sample census of the German statistical office. For each study year weight factors were calculated. Logistic regression analysis was conducted regarding the cardiovascular risk factors: smoking, arterial hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity. Results: Between 2006 and 2015 a total of 28,293 employees took part in the ongoing company screenings. The mean age was 42.3 years for both sexes (median: 43 years). The mean body mass index (BMI) was 25.6 kg/m2 (men: 26.5 kg/m2, women: 24.7 kg/m2). A history of hypertension was present in 16 % of the employees (men: 17.8 %, women: 13.8 %). Of the respondents 2 % suffered from diabetes (men: 2.4 %, women: 1.6 %). Lipid-lowering drugs were taken by 2.8 % of all employees (3.6 % men and 1.9 % women). 23.3 % of the men and women indicated to be active smokers. In the regression analysis obesity was associated with a four times higher risk of hypertension and a three times higher risk of elevated glucose levels, thus manifesting as main contributor for vascular diseases. Meanwhile the risk for obesity was 140 % higher in probands who are former smokers. Conclusions: We regard obesity as the number one cardiovascular risk which should be assessed by various medical, legislative, and socio-economic actions to limit future mortality and health-care costs in Germany.

scholarly journals A New Predictive Equation for Estimating Body Weight in Cirrhotic Patients With Refractory Ascites

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 868-868
Author(s):  
Bruna Alves ◽  
Moiséli da Cruz ◽  
Antonio Lopes ◽  
Camila Saueressig ◽  
Valesca Dall'Alba
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Refractory Ascites ◽  
Decompensated Cirrhosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objectives This study aims to develop a new prediction equation to estimate the dry weight (DW) of patients with refractory cirrhotic ascites since there is a lack of evidence to substantiate the current values used to adjust the wet weight in these patients. Methods Cross-sectional study, that included patients with decompensated cirrhosis undergoing large-volume paracentesis. Height (H) was measured and weight, immediately before and after paracentesis. For the prediction of DW, a linear regression model was performed using as predictor variables: gender, H, and pre-paracentesis weight (preW), as response variable: post-paracentesis weight (postW). Three-way interaction was used to test the joint effect of these predictors. The capacity of this model to predict the postW was evaluated by comparing it with the currently used predictions through the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the mean square error (MSE). Results Twenty patients were included, 16 were male. Moderate ascites was the most prevalent grade (n = 18). The mean (range) of ascitic fluid drained was 6.6 (0.45 – 16.0) L, and the difference of Wpre and Wpost was −6.8 (−0.7 – −15.7) kg. The prediction equation developed for estimating DW in male is: DW = −11.4 + 1.2 * Wpre + 0.125 * H −0.002 * Wpre * H, and in female: DW = −40.6 + 1.2 * Wpre + 0.331 * H −0.030 * Wpre * H. ICC values showed that all predictions measures were strongly correlated (r > 0.95). In comparison with current predictions, our model showed the highest ICC (r = 0.97) and the lowest MSE ( = 7.70), comparing with the current predictions (MSE = 18.63, when the preW is adjusted from absolute values and MSE = 12.75 when adjusted from percentage values), indicating more accurate prediction. Conclusions This new prediction equation showed high reliability as a weight adjustment tool for patients with refractory cirrhotic ascites. Further research is required to validate this prediction equation. Funding Sources Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa e Eventos (FIPE) from Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) from Ministry of Education of Brazil.

Deep Cheek Fat Volumes and Midfacial Aging

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob I Tower ◽  
Neil A Gordon ◽  
Boris Paskhover
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Fat Volume

Abstract Background Midfacial volumizing procedures are increasingly common in facial rejuvenation. However, the changes that occur in midfacial fat with aging are poorly understood. Objectives The aim of this study was to determine how deep cheek fat volume is predicted by age. Methods We conducted retrospective cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of patients based on facial computed tomography (CT) scans. In the cross-sectional cohort, multiple linear regression analysis was performed to model the relations between age and deep cheek fat volumes. In the longitudinal analysis, changes to deep cheek fat volumes were tracked among subjects who underwent multiple facial CT scans. Results The cross-sectional cohort comprised 109 patients. The mean (SD) age of the subjects was 59.7 (15.0) years (range, 21.7-91.1 years). A linear regression analysis showed that increasing age was associated with increasing deep cheek fat volume (β = 0.015, P < 0.001). Additional regression analyses showed that the gain of fat with aging was more pronounced in the caudal aspect of the cheek (β = 0.007, P < 0.001) than in the cephalad (β = 0.005, P < 0.001). Twenty-three subjects were identified for longitudinal analysis. The mean (SD) ages at initial and final imaging time points were 50.0 (5.8) and 60.3 (5.2) years. In the deep fat compartment, there was an average gain of 0.23 mL over 10.3 years (P = 0.03). Conclusions Age is an important predictor of midfacial deep cheek fat volume. In this study, there is no evidence of adipose volume loss in the deep cheek compartment. Rather, aging was associated with an increase in deep cheek fat, possibly reflecting pseudoherniation of buccal fat. Level of Evidence 2

Allometric models for the estimation of leaf area and dry weight from sapwood and heartwood area in black locust (R. pseudacacia)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stamatios Rafail Tziaferidis ◽  
Gavriil Spyroglou ◽  
Mariangela Fotelli ◽  
Kalliopi Radoglou
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sapwood Area ◽  
Allometric Models ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Pipe Model

<p>Allometric equations relating a tree’s vascular system with its leaf area and dry weight are developed for numerous forest species, in order to link their hydraulic architecture to carbon and biomass allocation. In 1964, Shinozaki <em>et al.</em> published the Pipe Model Theory (PMT) according to which, a given amount of leaves is supported by and is directly proportional to the area of the conductive tissue of the trunk. The present study aimed at testing whether PMT applies for <em>R. pseudacacia</em> plantations established for restoration and carbon sequestration purposes. A total of 25 trees of black locust grown at the restored former open-cast mining areas of the lignite center of the Hellenic Public Power Corporation (HPPC) in Ptolemaida and Aminteo, NW Greece, were destructively sampled. For each tree we determined its leaf area, foliage dry weight, diameter at breast height, as well as the cross-sectional areas of the trunk, the sapwood and the current sapwood at the stump height (0.30m), the breast height (1.3m), in the middle of the stem, at the base of live crown, at 1/3 and 2/3 of the length of the crown. The relationships of leaf area and foliage dry weight with the different cross-sectional areas at the selected stem heights were tested with simple and multiple linear regression models at p<0.001.</p><p>Among all tested relationships, PMT was more strongly verified by the linear relationship estimating both leaf area and foliage dry weight by the total cross-sectional area at the middle of the stem (R<sup>2</sup>=0.81). Sapwood area was found to be a less strong estimator of leaf area and foliage dry weight. The best relationships between sapwood area and leaf area / foliage were established when measured at the 1/3 of the length of the crown (R<sup>2</sup>=0.70 and 0.77, for leaf area and dry weight, respectively). The widely used relationship of sapwood at breast height to both leaf area and weight was less strong in our study (R<sup>2</sup>=0.66 and 0.68, for leaf area and dry weight, respectively). Furthermore, our results were not consistent with the theory of Shinozaki et al. (1964) that the ratio of leaf area to sapwood area increases from the top of the tree to the base of crown, where it is stabilized until breast height. These deviations may be due to the age of the studied plantations which does not exceed 30 years and the properties of the growth substrate consisting mainly of depositions from the extraction of lignite. The strongest allometric models for the estimation of leaf area and weight by tree diameter were built at breast height (R<sup>2</sup>=0.72) and at the base of live crown (R<sup>2</sup>=0.73), respectively. In addition, the trees’ diameter at the base of live crown could be reliably estimated by their diameter at breast height (R<sup>2</sup>=0.78). Our results were only partly consistent with the PMT. However, the established relationships may be useful for modelling and assessment of carbon allocation, water balance and growth of black locust plantations in restoration sites.</p>

A leaf area – sapwood area ratio developed to rate loblolly pine tree vigor

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1181-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Blanche ◽  
J. D. Hodges ◽  
T. E. Nebeker
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sapwood Area ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
The Relationship

Stem cross-sectional sapwood area was linearly related to leaf area in loblolly pine. A better relationship was obtained using cross-sectional sapwood area taken at crown base than at breast height. The relationship was affected by time of sampling, with time of maximum needle biomass giving the best correlation. Specific leaf area (area in square centimetres per gram dry weight) was variable, but the mean of 95.32 cm2/g is comparable to reported values for other species. The leaf area – sapwood area ratio at breast height varies only slightly among individual trees so that a mean ratio of 0.29 can be utilized to accurately predict leaf area. The ratio between curent-year or previous-year sapwood production and leaf area (grams per square metre of foliage) was used as an indicator of tree vigor. Tree vigor values varied greatly (21 – 180 g/m2), but were normally distributed within this range.

scholarly journals Comparison of the accuracy of body temperature measurements with temporal artery thermometer and axillary mercury thermometer in term newborns

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Gunawan ◽  
Soetjiningsih Soetjiningsih ◽  
I Made Kardana
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Temporal Artery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Safe Method ◽  
Mercury Thermometer ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
The Mean

AbstractBackground Rectal mercury thermometer (RT) has beenconsidered to be a clinical thermometer that measures bodytemperature close to core temperature. Unfortunately it is relativelyuncomfortable to the patient. Axillary mercury thermometer (AT)is a relatively safe method, but time consuming and its accuracyhas been questioned. Temporal artery thermometer (TAT) isrelatively a new method that can measure body temperaturefaster, and well tolerated.Objective To compare the accuracy of temperature measurementbetween TAT and AT in neonates.Methods Cross-sectional analytic study was conducted atNeonatology Division at Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar. Every healthyterm newborn who met the criteria were measured their bodytemperature by using three kinds of thermometer consecutively. Thelimits of agreement, correlation and linear regression analysis weredone to find TAT and AT’s agreement and correlation to RT.Results One hundred and thirty four newborns were enrolledin this study. TAT had a better agreement to RT with the mean􀁇􀁌􀁉􀁉􀁈􀁕􀁈􀁑􀁆􀁈􀀃􀁒􀁉􀀃􀀐􀀓􀀑􀀓􀀔􀂞􀀦􀀃􀁚􀁌􀁗􀁋􀀃􀀕􀀃􀀶􀀧􀀃􀁏􀁒􀁚􀁈􀁕􀀃􀁏􀁌􀁐􀁌􀁗􀀃􀁒􀁉􀀃􀀐􀀓􀀑􀀕􀀙􀂞􀀦􀀃􀁄􀁑􀁇􀀃􀁘􀁓􀁓􀁈􀁕􀀃􀁏􀁌􀁐􀁌􀁗􀀃􀁒􀁉􀀃􀀓􀀑􀀕􀀖􀂞􀀦􀀏􀀃􀁆􀁒􀁐􀁓􀁄􀁕􀁈􀁇􀀃􀁗􀁒􀀃􀁄􀁊􀁕􀁈􀁈􀁐􀁈􀁑􀁗􀀃􀁅􀁈􀁗􀁚􀁈􀁈􀁑􀀃􀀤􀀷􀀃􀁄􀁑􀁇􀀃􀀵􀀷􀀏􀀃􀁚􀁌􀁗􀁋􀀃􀁐􀁈􀁄􀁑􀀃􀁇􀁌􀁉􀁉􀁈􀁕􀁈􀁑􀁆􀁈􀀃􀀐􀀓􀀑􀀖􀀘􀂞􀀦􀀏􀀃􀀕􀀃􀀶􀀧􀀃􀁏􀁒􀁚􀁈􀁕􀀃􀁏􀁌􀁐􀁌􀁗􀀃􀀐􀀓􀀑􀀚􀀓􀂞􀀦􀀃􀁄􀁑􀁇􀀃􀁘􀁓􀁓􀁈􀁕􀀃􀁏􀁌􀁐􀁌􀁗􀀃􀁒􀁉􀀃􀀓􀀑􀀓􀀓􀂞􀀦􀀑􀀃􀀷􀁋􀁈􀁕􀁈􀀃􀁚􀁄􀁖􀀃􀁄􀀃􀁖􀁌􀁊􀁑􀁌􀁉􀁌􀁆􀁄􀁑􀁗􀀃􀁏􀁌􀁑􀁈􀁄􀁕􀀃􀁄􀁖􀁖􀁒􀁆􀁌􀁄􀁗􀁌􀁒􀁑􀀃􀁅􀁈􀁗􀁚􀁈􀁈􀁑􀀃􀀷􀀤􀀷􀀃and RT with correlation coefficient 􀁕􀀃􀀠􀀃􀀓􀀑􀀛􀀚􀀃􀀋􀁓􀀟􀀓􀀑􀀓􀀓􀀔􀀌􀀏􀀃􀁌􀁑􀁗􀁈􀁕􀁆􀁈􀁓􀁗􀀃􀀓􀀑􀀜􀀛􀀚􀀃􀁄􀁑􀁇􀀃􀁖􀁏􀁒􀁓􀁈􀀃􀀓􀀑􀀘􀀓􀀜􀀑􀀃􀀷􀁋􀁈􀀃􀁏􀁌􀁑􀁈􀁄􀁕􀀃􀁄􀁖􀁖􀁒􀁆􀁌􀁄􀁗􀁌􀁒􀁑􀀃􀁅􀁈􀁗􀁚􀁈􀁈􀁑􀀃􀀤􀀷􀀃􀁄􀁑􀁇􀀃􀀵􀀷􀀃􀁖􀁋􀁒􀁚􀁈􀁇􀀃􀁗􀁋􀁈􀀃􀁆􀁒􀁕􀁕􀁈􀁏􀁄􀁗􀁌􀁒􀁑􀀃􀁆􀁒􀁈􀁉􀁉􀁌􀁆􀁌􀁈􀁑􀁗􀀃􀁕􀀃􀀠􀀃􀀓􀀑􀀚􀀙􀀃􀀋􀁓􀀟􀀓􀀑􀀓􀀓􀀔􀀌􀀏􀀃􀁌􀁑􀁗􀁈􀁕􀁆􀁈􀁓􀁗􀀃􀀔􀀓􀀏􀀕􀀚􀀔􀀃􀁇􀁄􀁑􀀃􀁖􀁏􀁒􀁓􀁈􀀃􀀓􀀏􀀚􀀖􀀓􀀑Conclusion TAT is more accurate than AT for body temperaturemeasurement in the healthy term newborns. [Paediatr Indones.2010;50:67-72].

Relationship of Sense of Coherence to Other Psychosocial Indices

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Holmberg ◽  
Anders Thelin ◽  
Eva-Lena Stiernström
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Job Demand ◽  
The Mean

Summary: The concept of “sense of coherence” (SOC) has been widely recognized since it was first introduced by Antonovsky. The originality and usefulness of the SOC scale and its relation to other psychosocial measures has been the subject of lively debate. The aim of this paper was to test for associations between SOC and work-related psychosocial factors (mainly the Job Demand-Control model), general living conditions, education, and social network factors. Cross-sectional data from a population-based sample of 1782 rural males from nine counties in Sweden were analyzed with a multiple regression technique. The subjects were occupationally active at inclusion and the mean age was 50 years (range 40-60). SOC was assessed with the original 29-item questionnaire. Psychosocial variables and lifestyle factors were assessed using questionnaires and structured interviews. The mean SOC among the subjects was 152.3 (standard deviation, 19.4). A strong negative correlation was found between SOC and job demand, whereas a positive correlation with job control was demonstrated. A positive correlation with general living conditions and with social support was also found. However, there was no correlation to education and occupation. Thus, SOC was shown to be strongly correlated to work-related psychosocial factors and social support, but independent of sociodemographic factors.

Age related volume of cadaver-prostates in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Rukshana Ahmed ◽  
Shamim Ara
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group A ◽  
Key Words Prostate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Pathological changes in the prostate gland occur commonly with advancing age including inflammation, atrophy, hyperplasia and carcinoma and a change in volume is also evident. Estimation of volume of prostate may be useful in a variety of clinical settings. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed to see the changes in volume of the prostate with advancing age and done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from August 2006 to June 2007. The study was performed on 70 post-mortem human prostates collected from the unclaimed dead bodies that were under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age groups; group A (10-20 years), group B (21-40 years) and group C (41-70 years). Volume of the sample was measured by using the ellipsoid formula. The mean ± SD volume of prostate was 7.68 ± 3.64 cm3 in group A, 10.61 ± 3.99 cm3 in group B and 15.40 ± 6.31 cm3 in group C. Mean difference in volume between group A and group C, group B and group C were statistically significant (p<0.001). Statistically significant positive correlation was found between age and volume of prostate (r = + 0.579, p < 0.001). Key Words: Prostate; volume; Bangladeshi. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6501Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 74-77

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