Allelopathic effects by Empetrumhermaphroditum on seed germination of two boreal tree species

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1310-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olle Zackrisson ◽  
Marie-Charlotte Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Seed Regeneration ◽  
Secretory Glands ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Allelopathic Interference

Indoor and outdoor experiments demonstrated that allelopathy is an important factor explaining seed regeneration failures of Scots pine (Pinussilvestris L.) in forest floor vegetation dominated by the dwarf shrub Empetrumhermaphroditum Hagerup. Scanning electron micrograph views of the leaf surfaces of E. hermaphroditum reveal secretory glands that are shown to be involved in the release of water-soluble phytotoxic substances. Bioassays indicate that low doses and short exposure times of seeds to leachates have strong negative effects on germination and early root development. Activated carbon can eliminate the inhibitory effects of leachates and litter. This technique demonstrates the occurrence of allelopathic interference by E. hermaphroditum on seed germination of both Scots pine and aspen (Populustremula L.). In a field experiment the allelopathic effects by E. hermaphroditum are strong during early spring when germination and growth initiate and ground ice still is present. Extracts passed through soils collected from an E. hermaphroditum site were detoxified, while those passed through sterilized soil were not. Therefore, microorganisms may detoxify the allelochemicals under some environmental conditions.

Seasonal variations in UV-B absorbing capacity and allelopathic potential of Dittrichia viscosa leaf rinsates

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 1371-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Stephanou ◽  
Y. Manetas
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Dittrichia Viscosa ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Allelopathic Interference

The seasonal variations in the amount and the allelopathic potential of the water-soluble, leaf epicuticular exudates in the Mediterranean ruderal Dittrichia viscosa were investigated. Both parameters peaked during the dry, hot, and sunny summer, confirming the prediction that the seasonal fluctuations should be commensurate with the ascribed antitranspirant and phytotoxic functions. In particular, the drainage of the material to the soil with the heavy autumn rains provides excellent timing for exerting its strong allelopathic interference on seed germination, affording D. viscosa a considerable competitive advantage. Key words: allelopathy, Dittrichia viscosa, leaf rinsates, seasonal variations.

scholarly journals Allelopathic and Competitive Interactions Between Native and Alien Plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Yuan ◽  
Junmin Li ◽  
Feihai Yu ◽  
Ayub Oduor ◽  
Mark van Kleunen
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Homeland Security ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Competition Experiment ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Allelopathic Interactions

Abstract The novel-weapons and homeland-security hypotheses are based on the idea that aliens and natives are not adapted to each other’s allelochemicals as they did not co-evolve. However, as only a few studies have tested this, it remains unclear how important co-evolutionary history is in determining the strength of allelopathic interactions between aliens and natives. Here, we tested for potential pairwise allelopathic effects on each other of five alien and five native herbaceous species in China. We did a germination and a competition experiment. In the germination experiment, we tested whether aqueous extracts of the ten study species had allelopathic effects on each other’s seed germination. In the competition experiment, we tested whether the alien and native species differed in their competitive effects and responses, and whether these were changed by the presence of activated carbon –a presumed allelopathy neutralizer– in the soil. Plant extracts had negative allelopathic effects on seed germination. This was particularly the case for extracts from the native species. Moreover, aqueous extracts had slightly stronger negative effects on germination of the aliens than on germination of the natives. In the competition experiment, on the other hand, the natives suffered more from competition than the alien species did, but we could not relate this to allelopathy. Alien plants had negative competitive and allelopatic effects on native plants, and the reverse was also true. These alien-native interactions, however, were not consistently stronger or weaker than native-native interactions or alien-alien interactions.

scholarly journals Allelopathic and competitive interactions between native and alien plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Yuan ◽  
Jun-Min Li ◽  
Fei-Hai Yu ◽  
Ayub M. O. Oduor ◽  
Mark van Kleunen
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Homeland Security ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Competition Experiment ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Germination Experiment

AbstractThe novel-weapons and homeland-security hypotheses are based on the idea that aliens and natives are not adapted to each other’s allelochemicals as they did not co-evolve. However, as only a few studies have tested this, it remains unclear how important co-evolutionary history is in determining the strength of allelopathic interactions between aliens and natives. Here, we tested for potential pairwise allelopathic effects on each other of five alien and five native herbaceous species in China. We did a germination experiment and a competition experiment. In the germination experiment, we tested whether aqueous extracts of the ten study species had allelopathic effects on each other’s seed germination. In the competition experiment, we tested whether the alien and native species differed in their competitive effects and responses, and whether these were changed by the presence of activated carbon—a presumed allelopathy neutralizer– in the soil. Plant extracts had negative allelopathic effects on seed germination. This was particularly the case for extracts from the native species. Moreover, aqueous extracts had slightly stronger negative effects on germination of the aliens than on germination of the natives. In the competition experiment, on the other hand, the natives suffered more from competition than the alien species did, but we could not relate this to allelopathy. Alien plants had negative competitive and allelopathic effects on native plants, but the reverse was also true. These alien-native interactions, however, were not consistently stronger or weaker than native-native or alien-alien interactions.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effects of Sphaeranthus suaveolens on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Phaseolus vulgaris and Oryza sativa

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hudson C. Laizer ◽  
Musa N. Chacha ◽  
Patrick A. Ndakidemi
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

Weeds with allelopathic effect have been reported to cause significant damage in agriculture particularly in smallholder farming systems. This study assessed the allelopathic effects of different concentrations of crude extract of a noxious weed Sphaeranthus suaveolens on seed germination and seedling growth of Phaseolus vulgaris and Oryza sativa by examining germination, seedling height, and total chlorophyll content after seven and fourteen days of crude extract treatment, respectively. Results showed that seed germination and seedling growth were significantly ( p < 0.001 ) decreased with increase in concentration of crude extract, signifying concentration dependency. Highest concentration (100%) of S. suaveolens crude extracts resulted in 90% and 100% inhibition of P. vulgaris and O. sativa seed germination, respectively. Chlorophyll content, fresh weight, and root and shoot length of both P. vulgaris and O. sativa were also significantly ( p < 0.001 ) affected by highest concentration (100%) of S. suaveolens crude extracts. Results from this study suggest that the extract of S. suaveolens contains water-soluble allelochemicals which significantly reduce growth and productivity of P. vulgaris and O. sativa.

scholarly journals Effects of exogenous silicon on maize seed germination and seedling growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yankun Sun ◽  
Jiaqi Xu ◽  
Xiangyang Miao ◽  
Xuesong Lin ◽  
Wanzhen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System

AbstractAs the global population continues to increase, global food production needs to double by 2050 to meet the demand. Given the current status of the not expansion of cultivated land area, agronomic seedlings are complete, well-formed and strong, which is the basis of high crop yields. The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of seed germination and seedling growth in response to silicon (from water-soluble Si fertilizer). The effects of Si on the maize germination, seedling growth, chlorophyll contents, osmoprotectant contents, antioxidant enzyme activities, non-enzymatic antioxidant contents and stomatal characteristics were studied by soaking Xianyu 335 in solutions of different concentrations of Si (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 g·L−1). In this study, Si treatments significantly increased the seed germination and per-plant dry weight of seedlings (P < 0.05), and the optimal concentration was 15 g·L−1. As a result of the Si treatment of the seeds, the chlorophyll content, osmotic material accumulation and antioxidant defence system activity increased, reducing membrane system damage, reactive oxygen species contents, and stomatal aperture. The results suggested that 15 g·L−1 Si significantly stimulated seed germination and promoted the growth of maize seedlings, laying a solid foundation for subsequent maize growth.

scholarly journals Raw and Fermented Alfalfa Brown Juice Induces Changes in the Germination and Development of French Marigold (Tagetes patula L.) Plants

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1076
Author(s):  
Döme Barna ◽  
Szilvia Kisvarga ◽  
Szilvia Kovács ◽  
Gábor Csatári ◽  
Ibolya O. Tóth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Horticultural Practice ◽  
Brown Juice

Organic and ecological farming programs require new and efficient biostimulants with beneficial properties for the sustainable and safe production of seedlings and ornamental plants. We examined the effect of non-fermented and lacto-fermented alfalfa brown juice (BJ) on seed germination and the vegetative, physiological, and anatomical properties of French marigold (Tagetes patula L. ‘Csemő’) plants which were treated with 0.5–10% fermented and non-fermented BJ, with tap water applied as a control. Applying 0.5% fermented BJ significantly improved seed germination compared with non-fermented BJ, resulting in an increase of 9.6, 11.2, 10.9, and 41.7% in the final germination percent, germination rate index, germination index, and vigor index, respectively. In addition, it increased the root and shoot length by 7.9 and 16.1%, respectively, root and shoot dry mass by 20 and 47.6%, respectively, and the number of leaves by 28.8% compared to the control. Furthermore, an increase in contents of water-soluble phenol, chlorophyll a and b, and carotenoid was reported upon the application of 0.5% fermented BJ, while peroxidase activity decreased. Our results prove that alfalfa BJ can be enrolled as a biostimulant as part of the circular farming approach which supports the sustainable horticultural practice.

Chitosan coating on bean and maize seeds: release of agrochemical fungicide and post-storage condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Araceli Godínez-Garrido ◽  
Juan Gabriel Ramírez-Pimentel ◽  
Jorge Covarrubias-Prieto ◽  
Francisco Cervantes-Ortiz ◽  
Artemio Pérez-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Chitosan Coating ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Germination Speed

Abstract: Chitosan is a biopolymer obtained from deacetylation of chitin; it has multiple applications in agriculture as an antifungal, soil conditioner, inducer of defense mechanisms, fruits postharvest coating, leaves and seeds, among others. The objective in this research was to evaluate the effect of chitosan coatings mixed with fungicide (dithiocarbamate) on the germination and germination speed of bean and maize seeds in storage and to determine the retention capacity of the fungicide in the coated seeds under different times of imbibition. Two coating treatments at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5% chitosan in water, two coatings treatments at 0.1 and 0.5% chitosan supplemented with 0.5% fungicide and a coating without chitosan using only 0.5% fungicide in water were used in bean and maize seed; and as control seeds imbibed in distilled water were used; after treatments, germination percentage and germination speed were determined, also fungicide release were determined at 0, 1, 2 and 6 h of imbibition, and the effect of storage time on germination and germination speed was determined at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days of storage at 4 °C and 45% relative humidity. The fungicide release effect was determined by inhibiting Fusarium oxysporum conidia germination. There were no negative effects of coatings on seed germination after storage. The treatment that provided both greater retention of the fungicidal agent and released it gradually, was 0.5% chitosan mixed with fungicide concentration. Chitosan coating seeds mixed with fungicide do not cause negative changes in seed germination or germination rate.

Allelopathic Potency and an Active Substance from Hairy Vetch

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihong Sun ◽  
Guofeng Yang ◽  
Lili Cong ◽  
Juan Sun ◽  
Lichao Ma
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

Background: Plant allelopathy refers to the release of chemicals from plants or microorganisms into the environment, may have direct or indirect, beneficial or harmful effects on other plants or microorganisms. When plants grow in an unfavorable environment,more allelochemicals will be secreted and the expression of allelopathic effects will increase, giving plants a certain competitive advantage. Hairy vetch is one of the most promising allelopathic crops and the aqueous extract of hairy vetch has an inhibitory effect on the root length and seedling height of grass crops. The current study aimed to study the allelopathic effect of hairy vetch on alfalfa, and exploring an ecological method to remove the root system of alfalfa.Methods: In this experiment, the allelopathic effects of the seeds, stems and leaves, roots extracts and root exudates (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 mg·mL-1) on the seed germination and seedling growth of alfalfa were evaluated. And the main allelopathic substances from the stem and leaf extract were isolated and identified using high performance liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS).Result: The results showed that all of the extracts can inhibit alfalfa seed germination and seedling growth and stem and leaf extract had the strongest inhibitory effect, especially for inhibiting the root growth. A main allelochemical substance, o-coumaric acid, was screened out and the root length of alfalfa was completely inhibited at 1.6 mg·mL-1 of o-coumaric acid. The findings of these experiments show hairy vetch has strong allelopathic effect on alfalfa and o-coumaric acid is a chemical growth inhibitor.

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