scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF SMALL DOSES OF THE HERBICIDE 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID ON THE BODY WEIGHT OF ANIMALS UNDER THE DIET WITH NORMAL OR HIGH CALORIE

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-288
Author(s):  
D. S. Karmanova ◽  
L. A. Chesnokova ◽  
S. I. Krasikov
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
High Calorie

There was studied the effect of 6-weeks intake of small doses of the herbicide 2,4-DA on the body weight of animals. The consumption of water containing the herbicide in a concentration of 0.5 MPC was shown to have led to the greater gain of the body weight in experimental rats in comparison with the control. Simultaneously there was noted the gain of the mass of epididymal fat and increase in the concentration of leptin. This effect was more pronounced in rats treated with 2,4-DA, under the diet with high caloric content. The results obtained are likely to be associated with the disrupting action of the herbicide, leading, in particular, to the disturbance of the regulatory function of the thyroid gland and insulin resistance.

scholarly journals AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF MELATONIN AGAINST 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID TOXICITY IN KIDNEY OF MICE – A HISTOLOGICAL STUDY.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashlesh M Upadhyaya ◽  
Mandava V Rao ◽  
Devendrasinh D Jhala
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Acid Toxicity

 Objective: The compound, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), is a systemic phenoxy herbicide and a plant growth regulator. Histopathological effects of 2,4-D alone and in combination with melatonin on the kidney in adult albino male mice of the Swiss strain were evaluated in the present study.Methods: Twenty adult male albino mice weighing between 30 and 40 g were assigned into four groups with five mice in each group. Group I served as control; Group II - melatonin alone (10 mg/kg body weight); Group III - 2,4-D alone (50 mg/kg body weight); and Group IV - 2,4-D + melatonin was given orally for 45 days.Results: It revealed a significant reduction in the body and kidney weights (p<0.001 and p<0.01 respectively) of mice treated with 2,4-D, while the body and kidney weights after treatment of melatonin and 2,4-D + melatonin were comparable to control. Histological study revealed that 2,4-D induced nephrotoxicity evidenced by various histological changes including shrinkage of the glomerulus, tubular dilation, hypertrophy of tubular epithelium, and degeneration of renal tubules.Conclusion: Treating animals with the melatonin along with 2,4-D showed mitigative effects of melatonin and minimized the structural alteration in the kidney of mice appeared due to 2,4-D toxicity. 

scholarly journals AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF MELATONIN AGAINST 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID TOXICITY IN KIDNEY OF MICE – A HISTOLOGICAL STUDY.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Ashlesh M Upadhyaya ◽  
Mandava V Rao ◽  
Devendrasinh D Jhala
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Acid Toxicity

 Objective: The compound, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), is a systemic phenoxy herbicide and a plant growth regulator. Histopathological effects of 2,4-D alone and in combination with melatonin on the kidney in adult albino male mice of the Swiss strain were evaluated in the present study.Methods: Twenty adult male albino mice weighing between 30 and 40 g were assigned into four groups with five mice in each group. Group I served as control; Group II - melatonin alone (10 mg/kg body weight); Group III - 2,4-D alone (50 mg/kg body weight); and Group IV - 2,4-D + melatonin was given orally for 45 days.Results: It revealed a significant reduction in the body and kidney weights (p<0.001 and p<0.01 respectively) of mice treated with 2,4-D, while the body and kidney weights after treatment of melatonin and 2,4-D + melatonin were comparable to control. Histological study revealed that 2,4-D induced nephrotoxicity evidenced by various histological changes including shrinkage of the glomerulus, tubular dilation, hypertrophy of tubular epithelium, and degeneration of renal tubules.Conclusion: Treating animals with the melatonin along with 2,4-D showed mitigative effects of melatonin and minimized the structural alteration in the kidney of mice appeared due to 2,4-D toxicity. 

Seasonal changes in pancreatic B-cell function in euthermic yellow-bellied marmots

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (2) ◽  
pp. R159-R165 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Florant ◽  
A. K. Lawrence ◽  
K. Williams ◽  
W. A. Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pancreatic B Cell ◽  
Peripheral Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
System Input

Fasting plasma insulin (PI) and glucose (PG) concentrations were measured throughout the body weight cycle of marmots. Animals gained weight during summer, and in late fall body weight peaked, after which they ceased feeding. Each month euthermic animals were injected intra-arterially with either dextrose (500 mg/kg) or porcine insulin (0.1 U/kg), and blood samples were collected over the subsequent 2 h. During weight gain fasting PI concentration and pancreatic B-cell response to injected dextrose increased markedly. Maximal insulin release to a dextrose challenge was measured during peak body weight or when body weight initially began to decline. The PG concentration after exogenous insulin administration was slight (less than 10%) in the fall but increased approximately 25% in the spring after marmots lost weight. Basal PG levels were not significantly different throughout the year. Basal fasting PI concentrations were significantly higher during the fall (P less than 0.01). It is suggested that in the fall, when marmots are obese, hyperinsulinemia and peripheral insulin resistance appear. Furthermore, in two animals with an increase in body weight of approximately 30% or less over the summer, peripheral resistance was demonstrable, albeit not as marked as in animals that appropriately doubled their body weights when given food ad libitum. Thus we hypothesize that factors other than adiposity, i.e., food intake, central nervous system input to the pancreatic B-cell, and/or changes in B-cell sensitivity to PG, may contribute to the observed peripheral insulin resistance and may be involved in body weight regulation.

scholarly journals Changes in the thyroid gland during the reproductive cycle of the male vespertilionid bat, Scotophilus heathi

1998 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. KRISHNA ◽  
K. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Seasonal Change ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Winter Dormancy ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Low Concentration

The aim of present study was to compare the changes in thyroid gland with the reproductive cycle of S. heathi. Thyroid showed marked seasonal variation in weight, quantity of colloid and follicular epithelial height, suggesting the thyroid gland to be inactive during quiescence and winter dormancy and active during the time of recrudescence and breeding similarly to the testicular cycle. Plasma thyroxin (T4) concentration showed a significant seasonal change with high concentration during breeding and post-breeding and low concentration during quiescence. However, the T4 concentration increased from breeding to post-breeding phase, when the testes weight was declining. It is suggested that in S. heathi the positive correlation between thyroid and testicular cycles occurs only during the phases of the reproductive cycle when the body weight and testicular activity are also closely correlated.

ASSAY OF THYROTROPHIN BY THE ACCUMULATION OF RADIOACTIVE IODINE IN THE THYROID OF THE INTACT RAT

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Stephenson ◽  
W. P. McKinley ◽  
P. J. Kavanagii
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dosage Group ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Response Line ◽  
Dose Levels

The ability of the thyroid gland of intact weanling rats to collect injected radioactive iodine was diminished by inclusion of a small amount of iodinated casein in the diet. The administration of exogenous thyrotrophin increased the thyroidal uptake of I131 in rats treated in this manner. Both the degree of inhibition of the thyroid and the ability of the animals to differentiate between dosage levels of thyrotrophin were dependent upon the amount of iodinated casein in the diet. Graded doses of thyrotrophin provided a linear log dose –response line over the range 0.01 to 0.08 U.S.P. units. The response approached a maximum value at dose levels above 0.16 U.S.P. units. The thyroid gland of the female weanling rat retained, on the average, significantly more radioactive iodine than that of the male weanling rat when stimulated by thyrotrophin. Although the hormonal response was not correlated with the body weight of the rats within dosage groups, more precise assays were obtained by equalizing the total weight of the rats in each dosage group before the assay. Relatively large doses of I131 appeared to have an adverse effect on the precision of the assay but did not influence the response to thyrotrophin.

ASSAY OF THYROTROPHIN BY THE ACCUMULATION OF RADIOACTIVE IODINE IN THE THYROID OF THE INTACT RAT

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-255
Author(s):  
N. R. Stephenson ◽  
W. P. McKinley ◽  
P. J. Kavanagii
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dosage Group ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Response Line ◽  
Dose Levels

The ability of the thyroid gland of intact weanling rats to collect injected radioactive iodine was diminished by inclusion of a small amount of iodinated casein in the diet. The administration of exogenous thyrotrophin increased the thyroidal uptake of I131 in rats treated in this manner. Both the degree of inhibition of the thyroid and the ability of the animals to differentiate between dosage levels of thyrotrophin were dependent upon the amount of iodinated casein in the diet. Graded doses of thyrotrophin provided a linear log dose –response line over the range 0.01 to 0.08 U.S.P. units. The response approached a maximum value at dose levels above 0.16 U.S.P. units. The thyroid gland of the female weanling rat retained, on the average, significantly more radioactive iodine than that of the male weanling rat when stimulated by thyrotrophin. Although the hormonal response was not correlated with the body weight of the rats within dosage groups, more precise assays were obtained by equalizing the total weight of the rats in each dosage group before the assay. Relatively large doses of I131 appeared to have an adverse effect on the precision of the assay but did not influence the response to thyrotrophin.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE SUPRARENAL CORTEX

1933 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Harrop ◽  
Louis J. Soffer ◽  
Read Ellsworth ◽  
John H. Trescher
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Reverse Process

A characteristic alteration in the electrolyte structure of the blood plasma of the suprarenalectomized dog occurs when injections of cortical extract are stopped. This alteration progresses during the course of the suprarenal insufficiency, parallel with the hemoconcentration and the loss in weight. When injections of cortical extract are resumed, the electrolyte structure returns to its original form, the alterations paralleling the dilution of the blood and the return of the body weight to its original level. The hemoconcentration, with the resulting physiological changes which take place in the suprarenalectomized dog after the cessation of cortical extract injections, is associated with a loss of sodium and chloride, accompanied by their proper complement of body water, by way of the kidney. Since this effect is produced in the suprarenalectomized animal, well nourished and in excellent condition, solely by cessation of injections of the cortical hormone, and since the reverse process of repair of the electrolyte and water losses can be effected solely by resumption of extract injections, it follows that all of the observed phenomena are due to this cause, and to this alone. It can be concluded that one function of the cortical extract in the suprarenalectomized dog is that of participation in the regulation of the sodium and chloride metabolism, and consequently, of the balance and distribution of water. The loss of water, in the absence of the cortical hormone, is sustained partly by the blood plasma, but to a far greater extent by the interstitial body fluid. The available evidence points to the kidney as the locus of this regulatory function of the cortical hormone.

scholarly journals THE DYNAMICS OF INDICATORS OF THE COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF THE ORGANISM OF SEAMS IN A LONG-AWAY SEA TRACK

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Andriyanov ◽  
V. I. Polyakov ◽  
N. A. Tshukina ◽  
T. I. Subbotina ◽  
I. A. Konovalova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Daily Diet

The dynamics of indicators of the component composition of the seamen’s organism of the surface ship of the Navy in the conditions of a long march in interaction with the crew’s feeding habits is considered in the article. The actual nutrition of the surveyed persons was estimated using the calculation method based on the analysis of the chemical composition and energy value of the products of the daily diet, taking into account the culinary losses described in the handbook on the chemical composition and caloric content of Russian foodstuffs edited by V. A. Tutelyan. Standard data on incomplete digestibility by a person of various classes of nutrients are taken into account. In the organization of the actual power supply of the crew there were shortcomings associated with a decrease in the energy value of the ration, an imbalance of mineral and vitamin compounds, due to the actual assortment of products obtained for marching at the rate of sea rations. Estimated content of vitamins (-carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and ascorbic acid) and mineral substances (potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron) in the daily diet throughout the long maritime expedition was significantly lower than those regulated by medical and technical requirements the norm of sea rations. Changes that have a nonrandom character occurred according to the indices of abdominal fat: waist circumference and waist-hip index. By the end of the campaign, 71% of the surveyed had a tendency to increase their body weight. At the same time, the body weight increased due to both subcutaneous and abdominal fat, which was reflected in the increase in visceral fat, body fat and body mass index. The data obtained in the course of the work confirm that the existing ration does not need to increase its energy content, but requires improvement in quality composition. Based on the data obtained, it is proposed to increase the protein content in the diet with the reduction of fats and simple carbohydrates using rational substitutions; increase the proportion of fresh fruits and vegetables to improve digestion.

scholarly journals Correction of body weight and body composition in martial arts

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Max Aranson ◽  
Edvin Ozolin ◽  
Olga Tuponogova
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
The Body ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
Competition Rules ◽  
Competition Period ◽  
Harmful Effects

Aim of this paper is the analysis of the current issue of correction of body weight and body composition of wrestlers according to the literature. Research methods and organization. We carried out the review of the studies on the methods of correction (maintenance or change) of body weight and body composition, as well as the associated conservation of water balance in representatives of the Olympic martial arts. We reviewed the studies published in domestic and foreign scientific literature. Research results. It is a well-known fact that decrease in the caloric content of the diet goes together with an in- adequate and significant decrease in the intake of basic nutrients. Increased weight loss can cause pathological body changes and even death. This problem is especially significant for women's sports. The current practice of rapid weight reduction results in the loss of liquid; however, such methods are still popular, despite the actual evidence of their harmful effects on the body. Conclusion. Main methods of overcoming problems occurring during correction of body weight and body composition include regulation of competition rules, health control in a pre-competition period and training in sport activities.

scholarly journals PO-271 Effects of accumulated exercise with different intensities on insulin resistance in mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuli Zhang ◽  
Songtao Wang ◽  
Fei Liang ◽  
Xiangyu Shuai ◽  
Weibao Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Continuous Exercise

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8-week moderate-intensity and high-intensity accumulated exercise on insulin resistance in mice, compared with the moderate intensity continuous exercise with equal workload, which will provide an experimental reference for seeking a more reasonable and effective exercise program to break sedentary behavior and improve metabolic diseases such as IR. Methods Eighty 4-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal diet group (group C) and high-fat diet group (group H), fed with different diet. At the 10th weekend, insulin resistance model was judged by OGTT curve (AUC) and fasting blood glucose. All mice with insulin resistance were randomly divided into four groups: IR control group (IC), IR moderate-intensity continuous exercise group (IE), IR moderate-intensity accumulated exercise group (IM), IR high-intensity accumulated exercise group (IH), retained normal diet control group (C), with 12 mice for each group. All groups were fed with normal feed. The three exercise-related group performed an 8-week’s treadmill exercise program with equal workload (involve preparation and relaxation activities,0°platform slope, 5 days/week). For IE group, mice run 50min continuously with the velocity of 11m/min. For IM group，mice exercised 12.5 min per session, total 4 sessions per day, with 3-hour’s interval and the velocity of 11m/min. The IH group performed an alike exercise program with IM group, except the running speed (19m/min) and exercise time (7.5min). On the 8th weekend of exercise, FBG, OCTT, FINS, HOME- IR, and ISI were tested for each groups. Results 1. Compared with group C, body weight, FBG and OGTT-AUC were significantly increased in group H (P<0.05 or P<0.01). 76% mice were induced to insulin resistance successfully.  2. Before and after exercise intervention of 8 weeks, there were no significant changes in body weight and OGTT-AUC, while the FBG was significantly increased in IC group (P<0.05). Body weight, FBG, and OGTT-AUC significantly decreased in IE group, IM group and IH group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). 3. After 8 weeks of exercise intervention, the FBG in the IE group, IM group, and IH group were significantly lower than that in C group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the IC group, the FBG, FINS, OGTT-AUC, and HOME-IR in IM group, IH group and IE group were lower than those in the IC group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the IE group, the body weight and HOME-IR index of IH group were significantly lower than those in IE group (P<0.01). Compared with IH group, the HOME-IR in IH group was lower than that in IM group (P<0.05); There was no significant difference between IM group and IE group. Conclusions 1. Chronic moderate-intensity continuous exercise, moderate-intensity accumulated exercise, and high-intensity accumulated exercise all can effectively improve the glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in IR mice. 2.Compared with moderate-intensity accumulated exercise and moderate-intensity continuous exercise, the high-intensity accumulated exercise with equal workload is more effective in reducing the body weight and improving insulin resistance in IR mice.  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document