THE INFLUENCE OF THIOURACIL ON THE RESPONSES OF THE IMMATURE PULLET TO ESTROGEN, WITH REFERENCE TO OVIDUCT HYPERTROPHY, SERUM CALCIUM, AND LIVER COMPOSITION

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1023-1035
Author(s):  
R. H. Common ◽  
W. A. Maw ◽  
D. S. Layne ◽  
K. A. McCully
Keyword(s):  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Calcium Response ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Positive Effect

Thiouracil was given to sexually immature pullets at a level of 0.05% of the diet for 14 days before and also during treatment with 0.5 mg estradiol benzoate (ODB) or 1.0 mg ODB daily for 14 days. The thiouracil treatment did not modify the estrogen-induced hypercalcemia after 7 days, but after 14 days it enhanced significantly the blood calcium response to 1.0 mg ODB per day. The positive effects of thiouracil and of estrogen on liver weight per kg live weight were significant and additive. The comparatively low level of thiouracil used did not increase liver fat per kg live weight significantly, but it increased significantly the positive effect of estrogen on liver fat. The thiouracil treatment had no significant effect on liver deoxyribonucleic acid phosphorus (DNAP) but it increased liver pentose nucleic acid phosphorus (RNAP) per kg live weight significantly both in absence and presence of estrogen. The thiouracil treatment had no effect on the responses of the oviduct to estrogen.In a second experiment the effects of (a) 1.0% thiouracil for 10 days before and also during a 14-day estrogen treatment of 1.0 mg ODB per day and of (b) 1.0% thiouracil given concurrently with 1.0 mg ODB per day were studied. Neither thiouracil treatment affected the response of the oviduct to estrogen. The other results confirmed previous observations.In a third experiment, 1.5 mg ODB was given every other day for 14 days. When thiouracil at a level of 1% was given concurrently with the estrogen, it enhanced significantly the response of the oviduct. When 1% thiouracil was given also for 10 days before the estrogen, then it did not enhance the response of the oviduct. This experiment suggests that the conditions under which thiouracil will enhance estrogen-induced hypertrophy of the oviduct are narrowly defined. Other results were in general agreement with previous observations.

THE INFLUENCE OF THIOURACIL ON THE RESPONSES OF THE IMMATURE PULLET TO ESTROGEN, WITH REFERENCE TO OVIDUCT HYPERTROPHY, SERUM CALCIUM, AND LIVER COMPOSITION

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1023-1035
Author(s):  
R. H. Common ◽  
W. A. Maw ◽  
D. S. Layne ◽  
K. A. McCully
Keyword(s):  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Calcium Response ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Positive Effect

Thiouracil was given to sexually immature pullets at a level of 0.05% of the diet for 14 days before and also during treatment with 0.5 mg estradiol benzoate (ODB) or 1.0 mg ODB daily for 14 days. The thiouracil treatment did not modify the estrogen-induced hypercalcemia after 7 days, but after 14 days it enhanced significantly the blood calcium response to 1.0 mg ODB per day. The positive effects of thiouracil and of estrogen on liver weight per kg live weight were significant and additive. The comparatively low level of thiouracil used did not increase liver fat per kg live weight significantly, but it increased significantly the positive effect of estrogen on liver fat. The thiouracil treatment had no significant effect on liver deoxyribonucleic acid phosphorus (DNAP) but it increased liver pentose nucleic acid phosphorus (RNAP) per kg live weight significantly both in absence and presence of estrogen. The thiouracil treatment had no effect on the responses of the oviduct to estrogen.In a second experiment the effects of (a) 1.0% thiouracil for 10 days before and also during a 14-day estrogen treatment of 1.0 mg ODB per day and of (b) 1.0% thiouracil given concurrently with 1.0 mg ODB per day were studied. Neither thiouracil treatment affected the response of the oviduct to estrogen. The other results confirmed previous observations.In a third experiment, 1.5 mg ODB was given every other day for 14 days. When thiouracil at a level of 1% was given concurrently with the estrogen, it enhanced significantly the response of the oviduct. When 1% thiouracil was given also for 10 days before the estrogen, then it did not enhance the response of the oviduct. This experiment suggests that the conditions under which thiouracil will enhance estrogen-induced hypertrophy of the oviduct are narrowly defined. Other results were in general agreement with previous observations.

scholarly journals Weaning Holstein Calves at 17 Weeks of Age Enables Smooth Transition from Liquid to Solid Feed

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1132
Author(s):  
Sarah Schwarzkopf ◽  
Asako Kinoshita ◽  
Jeannette Kluess ◽  
Susanne Kersten ◽  
Ulrich Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Over Time

Development of calves depends on prenatal and postnatal conditions. Primiparous cows were still maturing during pregnancy, which can lead to negative intrauterine conditions and affect the calf’s metabolism. It is hypothesized that weaning calves at higher maturity has positive effects due to reduced metabolic stress. We aimed to evaluate effects of mothers’ parity and calves’ weaning age on growth performance and blood metabolites. Fifty-nine female Holstein calves (38.8 ± 5.3 kg birth weight, about 8 days old) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment with factors weaning age (7 vs. 17 weeks) and parity of mother (primiparous vs. multiparous cows). Calves were randomly assigned one of these four groups. Live weight, live weight gain and morphometry increased over time and were greater in calves weaned later. Metabolic indicators except total protein were interactively affected by time and weaning age. Leptin remained low in early-weaned calves born to primiparous cows, while it increased in the other groups. The results suggest that weaning more mature calves has a positive effect on body growth, and calves born to primiparous cows particularly benefit from this weaning regimen. It also enables a smooth transition from liquid to solid feed, which might reduce the associated stress of weaning.

SOME EFFECTS OF DIETARY THIOURACIL AND DIETARY IODINE SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE RESPONSES OF THE IMMATURE PULLET TO ESTROGEN

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1441-1450
Author(s):  
R. H. Common ◽  
A. J. Moo-Young ◽  
K. A. McCully
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Ovary Weight ◽  
Total Liver ◽  
Iodine Supplementation ◽  
Resultant Increase ◽  
Positive Effect

Sexually immature pullets were given 1.5 mg estradiol benzoate by intramuscular injection on alternate days over a 14-day period. The resultant increase of oviduct weight was enhanced by 70% when 1% thiouracil was included in the diet over the period of the injections. Supplementation of the diet with 1.0 mg iodine per lb did not modify this effect of dietary thiouracil on the response of oviduct to estrogen. Consideration of this result in conjunction with previous results shows that a necessary condition for this positive effect of thiouracil on response of the oviduct to estrogen is administration of the estrogen on alternate days.The following effects of thiouracil on the estrogenized pullets also attained statistical significance: decrease of estrogen-induced hypercalcemia; increase of ovary weight, liver weight, and total liver crude protein and fat; increase of kidney weight and percentage dry matter in kidney.The iodine supplement increased ovary weight significantly in the unestrogenized pullets but not in the estrogenized pullets. The iodine supplement also tended to increase total liver crude protein in the estrogenized pullets but not in the unestrogenized pullets.

scholarly journals Reduction of the oestrogenic effect of zearalenone in pigs by a feed additive

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endre Brydl ◽  
András Ványi ◽  
Róbert Glávits ◽  
László Könyves ◽  
Pál Rafai
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Large White ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes

Zearalenone is phenolic resorcyclic acid lactone produced by a number of Fusarium species grown on grains, predominantly on maize, in high moisture environment. Due to its oestrogenic effects, feeds contaminated with zearalenone can cause striking negative effects on reproduction primarily in pigs. The aim of the study was to test the efficiency of a feed additive developed for enzymatic decomposition of mycotoxins. A total of sixty 6-week-old conventional Dutch Landrace × Hungarian Large White F1 female pigs weaned at 30 ± 2 days of age were divided into 6 groups of 10 animals. Between 50 and 70 days of age, 4 groups of pigs (experimental) were treated with zearalenone (8 or 16 mg/pig dose) administered every other day via an oesophageal tube; pigs from the other two groups were not treated with zearalenone and served as controls. Throughout the experiment, the diet of two experimental groups and one control group was supplemented with a feed additive (named: Detoxa Plus) at a concentration of 1 kg/tonne; pigs from the other control group received neither zearalenone treatment, nor the feed additive. Pigs’ live weight, weight of ovaries and uterus, histological characteristics of the ovaries, uterus, vagina, spleen and lymph nodes, liver concentrations of zearalenone and its metabolites (α- and β-zearalenol) were studied. This study showed the preventive capacity of the feed additive against zearalenone. Positive effects included the prevention of uterine enlargement, beneficial effects on the histopathological scores of ovaries, uterus and vagina and reduced concentration of zearalenone and metabolites in the liver. This study demonstrates for the first time that due to its enzymatic activity Detoxa Plus renders zearalenone contaminated feeds less toxic.

On Your Mark, Get Set, Develop!

2015 ◽  
pp. 712-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Beaulier ◽  
Daniel J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Moment ◽  
Political Leader ◽  
Middle Ground ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
The Ideal

One of the lingering questions for development economists is that of economic transition and whether development can be promoted by a strong political leader. Earlier writings on leadership and economic development tend to fall into one of two camps: (1) leaders matter and can contribute positively to economic growth, or (2) leaders seldom have positive effects and, at best, can avoid doing a great deal of harm. This article establishes a third option—a middle-ground position—between these two views. Good leadership can, indeed, have a positive effect on economic growth but only during the initial moment when economic reform is up for grabs. Once the opportunity to implement sweeping reform has passed, interests become entrenched, and the opportunity for growth-enhancing reform passes. Bad leaders, on the other hand, can hamper economic growth in periods well beyond the ideal reform moment.

scholarly journals The Effect of Sea Lettuce (Ulva lactuca) Liquid Fertilizer and Zeolite Combinations on the Development of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1021
Author(s):  
Mustafa Türkmen ◽  
Ayşe Su
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Organic Liquid ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Ulva Lactuca ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Fertilizer Material ◽  
Positive Effect

The combinations of organic liquid fertilizer material obtained from sea lettuce (Ulva lactuca) and different concentrations of zeolite were applied to the cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plant in six treatments with three replicates each. The combinations of the experimental groups were as follows; control group, G1 group 180 g Z (Zeolite), G2 group 90 g Z + 1140 ml Liquid Fertilizer (LF), G3 group 180 g Z + 620 ml LF, G4 group 270 g Z + 310 ml LF, G5 group 620 ml LF. Except the control group, all zeolites were applied with the first dose of liquid fertilizer, and other liquid fertilizer doses were given in three periods, after germination, flowering and yield. While the lowest germination rate was in control group, the highest rate was in group with 60 g zeolite. While the lowest seedling weight was observed in group with 90 g zeolite + 1140 ml liquid fertilizer, the highest rate was in group with 180 g zeolite + 620 ml liquid fertilizer. While the highest cucumber weight was observed in group with 270 g zeolite + 310 ml liquid fertilizer, the lowest was in group with 620 ml liquid fertilizer. Therefore, it may be said that zeolite has positive effect on germination. On the other hand, liquid fertilizer and zeolite combinations may have positive effects on the weight of the cucumber seedling and yield.

THE INFLUENCE OF THIOURACIL ON THE RESPONSES OF SERUM PROTEIN AND SERUM CALCIUM OF THE IMMATURE PULLET TO ESTROGEN, WITH SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE RESPONSES OF OVIDUCT, LIVER, AND KIDNEY

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 817-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Wright ◽  
W. A. Maw ◽  
R. H. Common
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Serum Protein Level ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Thiouracil at a level of 0.75% of the diet depressed the serum calcium and serum protein levels of sexually immature pullets that had received 0.5 mgm. estradiol benzoate (ODB) intramuscularly each day for nine days or 14 days. When the level of estrogen dosage was raised to 1.0 mgm. ODB each day, then in one experiment thiouracil did not appreciably affect the responses of serum calcium and serum protein at nine days but did enchance both responses at 14 days. In a second experiment thiouracil again exerted a depressant effect on responses of serum calcium and serum protein at nine days but this effect had disappeared at 14 days. Thiouracil tended in both experiments to reduce the serum protein level in unestrogenized pullets. The effects of thiouracil on responses of serum calcium and serum protein are dependent, therefore, on both the level and duration of estrogen treatment. Thiouracil did not modify the effect of either 0.5 mgm. or 1.0 mgm. ODB per diem on oviduct weight. Estrogen increased liver weight per kgm. live weight and liver protein per kgm. live weight and thiouracil produced similar effects. These effects of estrogen and thiouracil were approximately additive. Estrogen increased kidney weight per kgm. live weight. Thiouracil increased kidney weight per kgm. live weight both of itself and in presence of estrogen. Kidney protein per kgm. live weight was affected by thiouracil and by estrogen in the same ways as was kidney weight.

SOME EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE ON THE IMMATURE PULLET

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-522
Author(s):  
D. S. Layne ◽  
R. H. Common
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Weight Gains

Sexually immature pullets were treated for 10 days with testosterone propionate (TST) in doses of hormone ranging from 0.25 to 5.0 mgm. per day. TST increased live weight gains, the effect being significant for the highest dosage; TST also increased oviduct weight. Both these results are in agreement with those of previous workers. TST did not affect significantly the net liver weight or the liver weight per kgm. live weight. Liver deoxyribonucleic acid phosphorus (DNAP) per kgm. live weight was not affected by lower dosage levels, but was slightly and significantly increased by higher dosage levels. Liver pentose nucleic acid phosphorus (RNAP) was affected in the same way as liver DNAP; and hence TST had no effect on the ratio RNAP/DNAP in the liver. TST depressed kidney weight, thus confirming previous observations. TST also depressed kidney DNAP and increased kidney RNAP, thereby increasing the ratio RNAP/DNAP in kidney to a marked extent. Spleen weight was depressed by TST, though the effect did not attain statistical significance.

THE EFFECTS OF THIOURACIL AND OF THYROXINE ON CERTAIN BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES OF THE IMMATURE PULLET TO COMBINED TREATMENT WITH ESTROGEN AND ANDROGEN

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 667-676
Author(s):  
R. H. Common ◽  
W. A. Maw ◽  
D. S. Layne
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Androgen Treatment

Sexually immature pullets were given a combined estrogen–androgen treatment, consisting of estradiol benzoate (ODB) plus testosterone propionate (TST). The influences of thiouracil and of thyroxine on various responses to this treatment were studied in two experiments. Thiouracil depressed slightly the hypertrophy of the oviduct evoked by ODB + TST; thyroxine enhanced the hypertrophy in one experiment, but depressed it in the other. Thiouracil enhanced, and thyroxine depressed the hypertrophy of the liver evoked by ODB + TST. Thiouracil also enhanced the increase of liver crude protein per kgm. live weight evoked by ODB + TST. The slight increase of liver deoxyribonucleic acid phosphorus (DNAP) per kgm. live weight evoked by ODB + TST was also enhanced by thiouracil and depressed by thyroxine. The great increase of liver pentose nucleic acid phosphorus (RNAP) per kgm. live weight evoked by ODB + TST was enhanced by thiouracil, but was depressed by thyroxine. The great increase in the ratio RNAP: DNAP in liver evoked by ODB + TST was not modified by thiouracil, but it was depressed by thyroxine. In one experiment, ODB + TST increased kidney weight per kgm. live weight; and this effect was enhanced by thiouracil and by thyroxine. In the other experiment, ODB + TST did not affect kidney weight, but the kidney weight per kgm. live weight was greater in the groups receiving either thiouracil or thyroxine than in the control group. ODB + TST did not affect kidney DNAP or RNAP per kgm. live weight, and a slight increase in kidney RNAP: DNAP observed in both experiments fell short of significance at P = 0.05. Both kidney RNAP and DNAP were significantly greater in the groups receiving thiouracil or thyroxine than in the control groups. ODB +f TST evoked a slight increase in the ratio RNAP: DNAP in kidney, and this effect was greatly enhanced by either thiouracil or thyroxine. In confirmation of previous work, the hypercalcemia evoked by ODB + TST was depressed by either thiouracil or by thyroxine.

scholarly journals Positive Effects of Different Drug Forms of Silybin in the Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome

2015 ◽  
pp. S507-S512 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. PORUBA ◽  
Z. MATUŠKOVÁ ◽  
L. KAZDOVÁ ◽  
O. OLIYARNYK ◽  
H. MALÍNSKÁ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol Level ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Hypotriglyceridemic Effect ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Positive Properties ◽  
Positive Effect

Silymarin and silybin are widely used for their hepatoprotective properties. Our previous studies confirm positive effect of silymarin on lipoprotein profile and lipid homeostasis. Advanced drug forms may improve the bioavailability of these compounds. In this study, we investigate the effects of silybin in different drug forms (standardized silybin, micronized silybin, and silybin in form of phytosomes) on dyslipidemia and glucose metabolism in hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (HHTg) rats. Male HHTg rats were divided into four groups of seven animals and were fed by experimental diets. Silybin significantly decreased serum level of triglycerides in groups of rats fed by standardized silybin and silybin in form of phytosomes compared to control group. Results show that silybin did not affect the total cholesterol level, but significantly increased the levels of HDL cholesterol in all groups of animals. Silybin in a standardized form had the highest hypotriglyceridemic effect. On the other hand, the micronized form has caused the highest increase of protective HDL and most significantly decreased glucose and insulin levels. Our results suggest that silybin is probably responsible for some positive properties of silymarin. Subsequent dose-dependent studies of silybin action may reveal the intensity of its positive effects on lipid and glucose parameters.

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